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[[File:Christian IX of Denmark with family (Tuxen).jpg|thumb|alt= |
[[File:Christian IX of Denmark with family (Tuxen).jpg|thumb|alt=refer to caption|1886 portrait of Christian IX and his family by [[Laurits Tuxen]]]] |
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[[Christian IX of Denmark |
[[Christian IX of Denmark]] (April 8, 1918{{snd}}January 29, 1906) ruled [[Danish Realm|Denmark]] from 1863 to 1906. Known as the "[[father-in-law of Europe]]",<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces">{{Cite web |url=https://kongeligeslotte.dk/en/explore-history/christian-IX.html |title=Christian IX |website=Royal Palaces |publisher=National Museum of Denmark |access-date=March 6, 2024}}</ref> he and his wife, [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]] (September 7, 1817{{snd}}September 29, 1898), became the ancestors of many members of European royalty. Some of these descendants would play a role in the history of several European countries, including [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. This article describes the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of Christian and Louise. |
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{{Clear}} |
{{Clear}} |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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===King Christian IX=== |
===King Christian IX=== |
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For the first 13 years of his life, Christian lived in [[German Confederation|Germany]].<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces" /> Following the death of his father, [[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg|Friedrich Wilhelm]], in 1831, Christian trained as an officer in [[Copenhagen]]. He fought on behalf of the [[History of Denmark#19th century|Danish Unitary State]] in the [[First Schleswig War]].<ref name="C9Amalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/christian-ix/ |title=Christian IX |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 6, 2024}}</ref> |
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[[File:Christian IX of Denmark color altered.jpg|thumb|alt=A portrait of King Christian IX of Denmark|Portrait of Christian IX]] |
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In 1852, Christian became the heir-presumptive to the Danish throne. Following the death of [[Frederick VII of Denmark|King Frederick VII]] 11 years later, Christian became King of Denmark.<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces" /> Due to Christian's German background, he was unpopular among his subjects during the start of his reign.<ref name="C9Amalienborg" /> Moreover, he nearly [[Abdication|abdicated]] in 1864 after Denmark's loss in the [[Second Schleswig War]]. However, as Christian's children married into several European royal families, his popularity recovered.<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces" /> |
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For the first 13 years of his life, Christian lived in [[German Confederation|Germany]].<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces" /> Following the death of his father, [[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg|Friedrich Wilhelm]], in 1831, Christian trained as an officer in [[Copenhagen]]. He would go on to fight on behalf of the [[History of Denmark#19th century|Danish Unitary State]] in the [[First Schleswig War]].<ref name="C9Amalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/christian-ix/ |title=Christian IX |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 6, 2024}}</ref> |
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In 1852, Christian became the heir to the Danish throne. Following the death of [[Frederick VII of Denmark|King Frederick VII]] 11 years later, Christian became King of Denmark.<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces" /> Due to Christian's German background, he was unpopular among his subjects during the start of his reign.<ref name="C9Amalienborg" /> Moreover, he nearly [[Abdication|abdicated]] in 1864 after Denmark's loss in the [[Second Schleswig War]]. However, as Christian's children married into several European royal families, his popularity recovered.<ref name="C9RoyalPalaces" /> |
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{{Clear}} |
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===Queen Louise=== |
===Queen Louise=== |
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[[File:Louise of Hesse-Kassel.jpg|thumb|x275px|alt=A portrait of Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Portrait of Queen Louise]] |
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Born Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Louise became Queen of Denmark in 1863. Because [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark|her mother]] was a sister of [[Christian VIII of Denmark|King Christian VIII]], Louise's marriage to Christian IX was an important factor in his rise to the Danish throne. Moreover, Louise was instrumental in marrying her children across European royalty, which helped increase her husband's popularity among the Danish people.<ref name="LAmalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/queen-louise/ |title=Queen Louise |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 7, 2024}}</ref> |
Born Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Louise became Queen of Denmark in 1863. Because [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark|her mother]] was a sister of [[Christian VIII of Denmark|King Christian VIII]], Louise's marriage to Christian IX was an important factor in his rise to the Danish throne. Moreover, Louise was instrumental in marrying her children across European royalty, which helped increase her husband's popularity among the Danish people.<ref name="LAmalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/queen-louise/ |title=Queen Louise |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 7, 2024}}</ref> |
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As Queen of Denmark, Louise exemplified the female ideas of her time. Despite remaining in the shadow of Christian, she showed artistic and social talent. Moreover, through her charity work, Louise founded the [[Diakonissestiftelsen]] in Copenhagen.<ref name="LAmalienborg" /> |
As Queen of Denmark, Louise exemplified the female ideas of her time. Despite remaining in the shadow of Christian, she showed artistic and social talent. Moreover, through her charity work, Louise founded the [[Diakonissestiftelsen]] in Copenhagen.<ref name="LAmalienborg" /> |
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{{Clear}} |
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===Marriage of Christian IX and Louise=== |
===Marriage of Christian IX and Louise=== |
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Christian and Louise were married in 1842.<ref name="C9Amalienborg" /><ref name="LAmalienborg" /> |
Christian and Louise were married in 1842.<ref name="C9Amalienborg" /><ref name="LAmalienborg" /> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid goldenrod;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="border:2px solid goldenrod;" |
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| bgcolor=bb88ff align=center colspan="5"|'''The Marriage of King Christian IX and Queen Louise''' |
| bgcolor=bb88ff align=center colspan="5"|'''The Marriage of King Christian IX and Queen Louise''' |
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|align=center|January 29, 1906 |
|align=center|January 29, 1906 |
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|valign="middle" bgcolor=fefefe rowspan="2"|6 children, including: |
|valign="middle" bgcolor=fefefe rowspan="2"|6 children, including: |
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*[[Frederick VIII|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark]] |
*[[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark]] |
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*[[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom]] |
*[[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom]] |
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*[[George I of Greece|George I, King of the Hellenes]] |
*[[George I of Greece|George I, King of the Hellenes]] |
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|[[File:Christian IX of Denmark and family 1862.jpg|thumb|center|alt=An image of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark with their children.|600px|''From left to right:'' [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Maria Feodorovna, Empress of Russia]], [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark]], [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]], [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Louise, Queen of Denmark]], [[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX, King of Denmark]], [[Princess Thyra of Denmark|Thyra, Crown Princess of Hanover]], [[George I of Greece|George I, King of the Hellenes]], and [[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom]].]] |
|[[File:Christian IX of Denmark and family 1862.jpg|thumb|center|alt=An image of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark with their children.|600px|''From left to right:'' [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Maria Feodorovna, Empress of Russia]], [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark]], [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]], [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Louise, Queen of Denmark]], [[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX, King of Denmark]], [[Princess Thyra of Denmark|Thyra, Crown Princess of Hanover]], [[George I of Greece|George I, King of the Hellenes]], and [[Alexandra of Denmark|Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom]].]] |
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{| class=" |
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="border:2px solid gold" |
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|- bgcolor=lavender |
|- bgcolor=lavender |
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! class="unsortable" width="9%" | {{center|'''Portrait'''}} |
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! width="21%"| Name |
! width="21%"| Name |
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! width="11%"| Birth |
! width="11%"| Birth |
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! width="11%"| Death |
! width="11%"| Death |
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! width="48%"| Spouse and children |
! class="unsortable" width="48%"| Spouse and children |
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|-bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align=center| [[File:Otto Bache - Portræt af Frederik VIII - 1909.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Otto Bache - Portræt af Frederik VIII - 1909.jpg|100px]] |
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|'''[[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark]]''' {{r.|1906|1912}} |
| '''[[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark]]''' {{r.|1906|1912}} |
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||June 3, 1843 |
|| {{sort|1843.0603|June 3, 1843}} |
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||May 14, 1912 |
|| {{sort|1912.0514|May 14, 1912}} |
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||Married 1869, '''[[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]]''' (1851–1926) |
||Married 1869, '''[[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]]''' (1851–1926) |
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8 children (including [[Christian X of Denmark|Christian X, King of Denmark]] and [[Haakon VII|Haakon VII, King of Norway]]) |
8 children (including [[Christian X of Denmark|Christian X, King of Denmark]] and [[Haakon VII|Haakon VII, King of Norway]]) |
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|-bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align=center| [[File:QueenAlexandra.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:QueenAlexandra.jpg|100px]] |
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|'''[[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess Alexandra of Denmark]]''' |
|'''[[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess Alexandra of Denmark]]''' |
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||December 1, 1844 |
|| {{sort|1844.1201|December 1, 1844}} |
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||November 20, 1925 |
|| {{sort|1925.1120|November 20, 1925}} |
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||Married 1863, '''[[Edward VII|Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom]]''' (1841–1910; {{r.|1901|1910}}) |
||Married 1863, '''[[Edward VII|Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom]]''' (1841–1910; {{r.|1901|1910}}) |
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6 children (including [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V, King of the United Kingdom]] and [[Maud of Wales|Maud, Queen of Norway]]) |
6 children (including [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V, King of the United Kingdom]] and [[Maud of Wales|Maud, Queen of Norway]]) |
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|-bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align=center| [[File:George I of Greece, c.1912.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:George I of Greece, c.1912.jpg|100px]] |
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|'''[[George I of Greece|George I, King of the Hellenes]]''' {{r.|1863|1913}} |
|'''[[George I of Greece|George I, King of the Hellenes]]''' {{r.|1863|1913}} |
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||December 24, 1845 |
|| {{sort|1845.1224|December 24, 1845}} |
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||March 18, 1913 |
|| {{sort|1913.0318|March 18, 1913}} |
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||Married 1867, '''[[Olga Constantinovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia]]''' (1851–1926) |
||Married 1867, '''[[Olga Constantinovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia]]''' (1851–1926) |
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8 children (including [[Constantine I of Greece|Constantine I, King of the Hellenes]]) |
8 children (including [[Constantine I of Greece|Constantine I, King of the Hellenes]]) |
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|-bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align=center| [[File:Maria Feodorovna of Russia 1881.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Maria Feodorovna of Russia 1881.jpg|100px]] |
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|'''[[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Princess Dagmar of Denmark]]''' |
|'''[[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Princess Dagmar of Denmark]]''' |
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||November 26, 1847 |
|| {{sort|1847.1126|November 26, 1847}} |
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||October 13, 1928 |
|| {{sort|1928.1013|October 13, 1928}} |
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||Married 1866, '''[[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III, Emperor of Russia]]''' (1845–1894; {{r.|1881|1894}}) |
||Married 1866, '''[[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III, Emperor of Russia]]''' (1845–1894; {{r.|1881|1894}}) |
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6 children (including [[Nicholas II|Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia]]) |
6 children (including [[Nicholas II|Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia]]) |
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|-bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align=center| [[File:Princess Tira of Denmark.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Princess Tira of Denmark.jpg|100px]] |
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|'''[[Princess Thyra of Denmark]]''' |
|'''[[Princess Thyra of Denmark]]''' |
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||September 29, 1853 |
|| {{sort|1853.0929|September 29, 1853}} |
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||February 26, 1933 |
|| {{sort|1933.0226|February 26, 1933}} |
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||Married 1878, '''[[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover]]''' (1845–1923) |
||Married 1878, '''[[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover]]''' (1845–1923) |
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6 children (including [[Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1882)|Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] and [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]){{efn|name=fn1|Thyra was also the mother of an illegitimate child.{{sfn|Rodriguez|Warner|2019|loc=[https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/g19557233/royal-family-illegitimate-children/ Princess Thyra of Denmark]}}}} |
6 children (including [[Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1882)|Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] and [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]){{efn|name=fn1|Thyra was also the mother of an illegitimate child.{{sfn|Rodriguez|Warner|2019|loc=[https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/g19557233/royal-family-illegitimate-children/ Princess Thyra of Denmark]}}}} |
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|-bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align=center| [[File:Prince Valdemar of Denmark 1936.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Prince Valdemar of Denmark 1936.jpg|100px]] |
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|'''[[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]]''' |
|'''[[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]]''' |
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||October 27, 1858 |
|| {{sort|1858.1027|October 27, 1858}} |
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||January 14, 1939 |
|| {{sort|1939.0114|January 14, 1939}} |
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||Married 1885, '''[[Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)|Princess Marie of Orléans]]''' (1865–1909) |
||Married 1885, '''[[Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)|Princess Marie of Orléans]]''' (1865–1909) |
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5 children |
5 children |
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==Grandchildren of Christian IX and Louise== |
==Grandchildren of Christian IX and Louise== |
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Christian IX and Louise had |
Christian IX and Louise had thirty-nine grandchildren via eight children of Frederick VIII,<ref name="FAmalienborg" /> six children of Alexandra,<ref name="AlexandraBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-queen-alexandra-4582642 |title=Biography of Queen Alexandra |last=Prahl |first=Amanda |website=ThoughtCo |publisher=Dotdash |access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> eight children of George I,<ref name="GAmalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/vilhelm-georg-i/ |title=Vilhelm (George I) |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref>{{efn|name=fn2|An eighth child of George I, Olga, died at six months of age.{{sfn|Salmond|n.d.|loc=[https://royalfamilytree.uk/18800407_princess_olga_of_greece_and_denmark.html DETAILS]}}}} six children of Dagmar,<ref name="DagmarBio" /> six children of Thyra,<ref name="TAmalienborg" />{{efn|name=fn1}} and five children of Valdemar.<ref name="VAmalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/valdemar-2/ |title=Valdemar |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> |
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===Children of Frederick VIII and Louise=== |
===Children of Frederick VIII and Louise=== |
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At the age of 17, [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]] became engaged to the future King Frederick VIII of Denmark at [[Bäckaskog Castle]]. Frederick and Louise would later marry in 1869 in [[Stockholm]].<ref name="LouiseSwedenBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-house/the-bernadotte-dynasty/queen-lovisa-of-denmark |title=Queen Lovisa of Denmark |website=Swedish Royal Court |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> This marriage took place in the context of a desire for [[Scandinavism|a Scandinavian union]] in both [[Danish Realm|Denmark]] and [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden]].<ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/queen-lovisa/ |title=Queen Lovisa |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> |
At the age of 17, [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]] became engaged to the future King Frederick VIII of Denmark at [[Bäckaskog Castle]]. Frederick and Louise would later marry in 1869 in [[Stockholm]].<ref name="LouiseSwedenBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-house/the-bernadotte-dynasty/queen-lovisa-of-denmark |title=Queen Lovisa of Denmark |website=Swedish Royal Court |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> This marriage took place in the context of a desire for [[Scandinavism|a Scandinavian union]] in both [[Danish Realm|Denmark]] and [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden]].<ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/queen-lovisa/ |title=Queen Lovisa |website=Amalienborg Palace |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> |
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Together, Frederick and Louise had eight children.<ref name="FAmalienborg" /><ref name="LouiseSwedenBio" /> Two of these children, [[Christian X of Denmark|Christian]] and [[Haakon VII|Haakon]], became King of Denmark and King of Norway, respectively.<ref name="FAmalienborg" /><ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> Frederick and Louise's family came to be defined by Louise's [[ |
Together, Frederick and Louise had eight children.<ref name="FAmalienborg" /><ref name="LouiseSwedenBio" /> Two of these children, [[Christian X of Denmark|Christian]] and [[Haakon VII|Haakon]], became King of Denmark and King of Norway, respectively.<ref name="FAmalienborg" /><ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> Frederick and Louise's family came to be defined by Louise's [[piety]]. Moreover, Louise oversaw the strictly disciplined education of her children.<ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> |
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Over time, Frederick and Louise's marriage became a happy one.<ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> However, because of Frederick's estrangement from his father |
Over time, Frederick and Louise's marriage became a happy one.<ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> However, because of Frederick's estrangement from his father,<ref name="FAmalienborg" /><ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> he and his wife kept their distance from his relatives. In addition, Louise had difficult relationships with her [[Affinity (law)|in-laws]] in the Danish royal family.<ref name="LSwedenAmalienborg" /> |
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{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%;" align="center" |
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%;" align="center" |
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===Children of Alexandra and Edward VII=== |
===Children of Alexandra and Edward VII=== |
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{{See also|Descendants of Queen Victoria#Edward VII|Descendants of George V}} |
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In 1861, Princess Alexandra met the future [[Edward VII|King Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] at the [[Speyer Cathedral]] in Germany. Edward was the eldest son of [[Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]].<ref name="E7Bio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.royal.uk/edward-vii |title=Edward VII (r.1901-1910) |website=The Royal Family |publisher=Royal Household at Buckingham Palace |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> Edward later proposed to Alexandra in 1862, and they married in 1863 at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]] at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref name="E7Bio" /><ref name="AlexandraBio" /> |
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In 1861, Princess Alexandra met the future [[Edward VII|King Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] at the [[Speyer Cathedral]] in Germany. Edward was the eldest son of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Albert]].<ref name="E7Bio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.royal.uk/edward-vii |title=Edward VII (r.1901-1910) |website=The Royal Family |publisher=Royal Household at Buckingham Palace |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> Edward later proposed to Alexandra in 1862, and they married in 1863 at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]] at [[Windsor Castle]].<ref name="E7Bio" /><ref name="AlexandraBio" /> |
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Although Alexandra and Edward got along fairly well,<ref name="E7ThoughtCo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/king-edward-vii-biography-4173865 |title=Biography of Edward VII, Successor to Queen Victoria |last=Prahl |first=Amanda |website=ThoughtCo |publisher=Dotdash |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> Edward engaged in several [[Affair|affairs]] during their marriage.<ref name="AlexandraBio" /> However, for the most part, Alexandra did not pay attention to her husband's romantic liaisons.<ref name="E7ThoughtCo" /> |
Although Alexandra and Edward got along fairly well,<ref name="E7ThoughtCo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/king-edward-vii-biography-4173865 |title=Biography of Edward VII, Successor to Queen Victoria |last=Prahl |first=Amanda |website=ThoughtCo |publisher=Dotdash |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> Edward engaged in several [[Affair|affairs]] during their marriage.<ref name="AlexandraBio" /> However, for the most part, Alexandra did not pay attention to her husband's romantic liaisons.<ref name="E7ThoughtCo" /> |
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Together, Alexandra and Edward had six children.<ref name="AlexandraBio" /> One of these children, Alexander John, died in infancy.<ref name="LouiseUKBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/princess-louise-duchess-of-fife-3528836 |title=The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife |last=Lewis |first=Jone Johnson |website=ThoughtCo |publisher=Dotdash |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> |
Together, Alexandra and Edward had six children.<ref name="AlexandraBio" /> One of these children, Alexander John, died in infancy.<ref name="LouiseUKBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/princess-louise-duchess-of-fife-3528836 |title=The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife |last=Lewis |first=Jone Johnson |website=ThoughtCo |publisher=Dotdash |access-date=March 17, 2024}}</ref> Furthermore, Alexandra and Edward's eldest son, [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale|Albert Victor]], died in 1892 after contracting an illness during a [[Influenza pandemic|flu pandemic]]. Albert Victor's passing devastated Alexandra.<ref name="AlexandraBio" /> |
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The three daughters of Edward and Alexandra, [[Louise, Princess Royal|Louise]], [[Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]], and [[Maud of Wales|Maud]], were known for being active during their youth. As the daughters aged, they became more withdrawn. Alexandra did not want Louise, Victoria, and Maud to marry because her daughters had two brothers who could [[Succession to the British throne|potentially follow Edward to the British throne]]. However, both Louise and Maud eventually married.<ref name="LouiseUKBio" /> |
The three daughters of Edward and Alexandra, [[Louise, Princess Royal|Louise]], [[Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]], and [[Maud of Wales|Maud]], were known for being active during their youth. As the daughters aged, they became more withdrawn. Alexandra did not want Louise, Victoria, and Maud to marry because her daughters had two brothers who could [[Succession to the British throne|potentially follow Edward to the British throne]]. However, both Louise and Maud eventually married.<ref name="LouiseUKBio" /> |
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===Children of George I and Olga=== |
===Children of George I and Olga=== |
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In 1863, the Kingdom of Greece was without a monarch. The royal houses of Europe believed that George I, then Prince William of Denmark, would be a suitable candidate for the Greek throne. Consequently, George |
In 1863, the Kingdom of Greece was without a monarch. The royal houses of Europe believed that George I, then Prince William of Denmark, would be a suitable candidate for the Greek throne. Consequently, George traveled to Greece, a country that he had never visited before, that same year to start his reign.<ref name="GAmalienborg" /> |
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After arriving in Greece, George |
After arriving in Greece, George married [[Olga Constantinovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia]] in 1867. George and Olga had seven children together.<ref name="GAmalienborg" />{{efn|name=fn2}} |
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|align="center"| [[File:Prince George of Greece in 1902, High Commissioner in Crete.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Prince George of Greece in 1902, High Commissioner in Crete.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Prince George of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Prince George of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1869.0624|June 24, 1869}}<ref name="George1869RFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18690624_prince_george_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: George of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1869.0624|June 24, 1869}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1957.1125|November 25, 1957}}<ref name="George1869Death">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=November 26, 1957 |title=PRINCE GEORGE OF GREECE DIES; Uncle of King Paul and Duke of Edinburgh Succumbs at His French Home at 88|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/26/archives/prince-george-of-greece-dies-uncle-of-king-paul-and-duke-of.html |page=33 |work=The New York Times |location=Paris |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1957.1125|November 25, 1957}} |
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|align="center"| Married 1907, '''[[Marie Bonaparte]]''' (1882–1962) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1907, '''[[Marie Bonaparte]]''' (1882–1962) and had 2 children:<ref name="MarieBNYT">{{Cite news |last=Storr |first=Anthony |date=February 6, 1983 |title=AN UNLIKELY ANALYST |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/06/books/an-unlikely-analyst.html |page=8 |work=The New York Times |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark]]<ref name="MarieBNYT" /> (1908–1980<ref name="PeterGRDeath">{{Cite news |url=https://therai.org.uk/archives-and-manuscripts/obituaries/prince-peter-of-greece-and-denmark |title=Obituary |last=Firth |first=Raymond |date=1980 |work=RAIN |page=13 |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref>) |
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*[[Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark]] (1908–1980) |
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*[[Princess Eugénie of Greece and Denmark]]<ref name="EugenieGR">{{Cite news |last=Llorente |first=Analía |date=August 8, 2020 |title=Orgasmo femenino: quién fue Marie Bonaparte, la princesa que fue una pionera en la investigación sexual en el siglo XX |trans-title=The Female Orgasm: Who Was Marie Bonaparte, the Princess That Was a Pioneer in Sexual Research in the 20th Century |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-53562512 |language=Spanish |work=BBC News Mundo |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> (1910–1989) |
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*[[Princess Eugénie of Greece and Denmark]] (1910–1989) |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align="center"| [[File:Alexandra Georgievna of Russia1.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Alexandra Georgievna of Russia1.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1870.0830|August 30, 1870}}<ref name="AlexandraGRRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18700830_princess_alexandra_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Alexandra of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1870.0830|August 30, 1870}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1891.0924|September 24, 1891}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1891.0924|September 24, 1891}}<ref name="AlexandraGRRFTree" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1889, '''[[Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' (1860–1919) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1889, '''[[Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' (1860–1919) and had 2 children: |
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*[[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia]] (1890–1958) |
*[[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)|Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia]] (1890–1958)<ref name="MariaRUBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/english/royal-house/the-bernadotte-dynasty/maria-pavlovna-of-russia |title=Maria Pavlovna of Russia |website=Swedish Royal Court |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia]] (1891–1942)<ref name="DmitriRUBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/Dmitri.php |title=Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich |author=<!--not stated--> |website=Alexander Palace Time Machine |publisher=Bob Atchinson |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia]] (1891–1942) |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center"| [[File:Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1872.0122|January 22, 1872}}<ref name="NicholasGRDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=February 8, 1938 |title=PRINCE NICHOLAS OF GREECE. Death at Athens. FATHER OF DUCHESS OF KENT. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17440495 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=John Fairfax and Sons |location=Athens |page=17 |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1872.0122|January 22, 1872}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1938.0208|February 8, 1938}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1938.0208|February 8, 1938}}<ref name="NicholasGRDeath" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1902, '''[[Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia]]'''<ref name="NicholasGRDeath" /> (1882–1957)<ref name="ElenaRUBio">{{Cite magazine |last=Leake |first=Natasha |date=January 18, 2023 |title=The glamorous and difficult life of the 'snobbish' Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia, grandmother of the Queen's cousins |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/learn-about-the-snobby-russian-grand-duchess-elena-on-the-anniversary-of-her-birth |magazine=Tatler |publisher=Condé Nast Britain |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> and had 3 children:<ref name="NicholasGRDeath" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1902, '''[[Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia]]''' (1882–1957) and had 3 children: |
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*[[Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark]]<ref name="NicholasGRDeath" /> (1903–1997)<ref name="Olga1903Death">{{Cite news |last=Balfour |first=Neil R. |date=November 3, 1997 |title=Obituary: Princess Paul of Yugoslavia |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-princess-paul-of-yugoslavia-1291926.html |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent Newspaper Limited |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark]] (1903–1997) |
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*[[Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark]] (1904–1955) |
*[[Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark]]<ref name="NicholasGRDeath" /> (1904–1955) |
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*[[Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark]]<ref name="NicholasGRDeath" /> (1906–1968)<ref name="MarinaDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |title=1968: Princess Marina laid to rest |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/30/newsid_3067000/3067773.stm |work=British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark]] (1906–1968) |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[File:Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark (Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia).jpg|100px]] |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[File:Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark (Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia).jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| '''[[Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| '''[[Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1876.0303|March 3, 1876}}<ref name="MariaGRRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18760303_princess_maria_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Maria of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1876.0303|March 3, 1876}} |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1940.1214|December 14, 1940}} |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1940.1214|December 14, 1940}}<ref name="MariaGRRFTree" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1900 (1), '''[[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863–1919)|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia]]''' (1863–1919) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1900 (1), '''[[Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863–1919)|Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia]]''' (1863–1919<ref name="NinaDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=March 1, 1974 |title=Mrs. Paul Chavchavadze Dies; Russian Princess Was an Artist|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/01/archives/mrs-paul-chavchavadze-dies-russian-princess-was-an-artist.html |page=32 |work=The New York Times |location=Hyannis, Massachusetts |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref>) and had 2 children: |
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*[[Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia]] (1901–1974) |
*[[Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia]] (1901–1974)<ref name="NinaDeath" /> |
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*[[Princess Xenia Georgievna of Russia]] (1903–1965) |
*[[Princess Xenia Georgievna of Russia]] (1903–1965) |
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|align="center"| [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of Greece (1863-1936).svg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of Greece (1863-1936).svg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark''' |
|align="center"| '''Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1880.0407|April 7, 1880}}<ref name="Olga1880RFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18800407_princess_olga_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Olga of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1880.0407|April 7, 1880}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1880.1102|November 2, 1880}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1880.1102|November 2, 1880}}<ref name="Olga1880RFTree" /> |
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|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center"| [[File:Prince Andrew of Greece.JPG|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Prince Andrew of Greece.JPG|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1882.0202|February 2, 1882}}<ref name="AndrewGRRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18820202_prince_andrew_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Andrew of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1882.0202|February 2, 1882}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1944.1203|December 3, 1944}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1944.1203|December 3, 1944}}<ref name="AndrewGRRFTree" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1903, '''[[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]''' (1885–1969) and had 5 children:<ref name="Alice1885Bio">{{Cite magazine |last=Foussianes |first=Chloe |date=November 18, 2019 |title=How Princess Alice of Battenberg, Prince Philip's Mother, Became the Royal Family's Black Sheep |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a29310694/who-is-princess-alice-prince-philip-mother-the-crown-facts/ |magazine=Town & Country |publisher=Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| Married 1903, '''[[Princess Alice of Battenberg]]''' (1885–1969) and had 5 children: |
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*[[Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark]] (1905<ref name="Alice1885Bio" />–1981)<ref name="Sophie1914Death">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=November 30, 2001 |title=Prince Philip's elder sister dies at 87 |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/uk-news/prince-philips-elder-sister-dies-at-87-2507607 |page=32 |work=The Scotsman |publisher=National World plc |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark]] (1905–1981) |
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*[[Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906–1969)|Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark]] ( |
*[[Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906–1969)|Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark]] (1906<ref name="Alice1885Bio" />–1969)<ref name="Sophie1914Death" /> |
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*[[Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark]] (1911–1937) |
*[[Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark]] (1911–1937)<ref name="Alice1885Bio" /> |
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*[[Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark]] ( |
*[[Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark]] (1914<ref name="Alice1885Bio" />–2001)<ref name="Sophie1914Death" /> |
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*[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark]] (1921<ref name="Alice1885Bio" />–2021)<ref name="PhilipDeath">{{Cite press release |author=<!--not stated--> |title=Announcement of the death of The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://www.royal.uk/announcement-death-duke-edinburgh |publisher=The Royal Household |date=April 9, 2021 |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark]] (1921–2021) |
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**Father of [[Charles III|Charles III, King of the United Kingdom]] |
**Father of [[Charles III|Charles III, King of the United Kingdom]]<ref name="C3Bio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.royal.uk/the-king |title=The King |at=Biography |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=The Royal Family |publisher=The Royal Household |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref> |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[File:Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark portrait.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[File:Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark portrait.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| '''[[Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| '''[[Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1888.0810|August 10, 1888}}<ref name="ChristopherGRRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18880810_prince_christopher_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Christopher of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1888.0810|August 10, 1888}} |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1940.0121|January 21, 1940}}<ref name="ChristopherDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=January 22, 1940 |title=CHRISTOPHER DEAD; HE WED MRS. LEEDS; Grecian Prince Married the Widow of Cleveland Tin-Plate Manufacturer in 1920 SHE LEFT HIM FORTUNE Uncle of the Duchess of Kent Was Constantine's Brother and Son of George I |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/01/22/archives/christopher-dead-he-wed-mrs-leeds-grecian-prince-married-the-widow.html |page=19 |work=The New York Times |location=Athens, Greece |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref><ref name="ChristopherGRRFTree" /> |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1940.0121|January 21, 1940}} |
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|align="center"| Married 1920 (1), '''[[Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark|Nonie May Stewart]]''' (1878–1923) and had no children |
|align="center"| Married 1920 (1), '''[[Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark|Nonie May Stewart]]'''<ref name="Chris2ndMarriage">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=October 30, 1928 |title=Christopher, Widower of Former Mrs. Leeds, To Wed Daughter of French Pretender |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/10/30/archives/christopher-widower-of-former-mrs-leeds-to-wed-daughter-of-french.html |work=The New York Times |page=1 |location=Rome |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref> (1878–1923) and had no children |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center"| Married 1929 (2), '''[[Princess Françoise of Orléans (1902–1953)|Princess Françoise of Orléans]]''' (1902–1953) and had 1 child: |
|align="center"| Married 1929 (2), '''[[Princess Françoise of Orléans (1902–1953)|Princess Françoise of Orléans]]'''<ref name="Chris2ndMarriage" /> (1902–1953<ref name="MichaelGRBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.princemichaelschronicles.com/about/ |title=Prince Michel of Greece : my story |author=Michael of Greece |website=Prince Michael's Chronicles |publisher=Michael of Greece |access-date=April 13, 2024}}</ref>) and had 1 child: |
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*[[Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark]] (born 1939) |
*[[Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark]] (born 1939)<ref name="MichaelGRBio" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|} |
|} |
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===Children of Dagmar and Alexander III=== |
===Children of Dagmar and Alexander III=== |
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Queen Louise, Dagmar's mother, hoped to find a suitable husband for her daughter in the Russian imperial court. Following the marriage of Dagmar's sister Alexandra, Queen Louise dedicated her enthusiasm into making these hopes a reality. Eventually, in 1864, Dagmar became engaged to [[Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia|Nicholas Alexandrovich]], the then-heir to the Russian throne. However, Nicholas died only one year later.<ref name="DagmarBio" /> |
Queen Louise, Dagmar's mother, hoped to find a suitable husband for her daughter in the Russian [[Royal court|imperial court]]. Following the marriage of Dagmar's sister Alexandra, Queen Louise dedicated her enthusiasm into making these hopes a reality. Eventually, in 1864, Dagmar became engaged to [[Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia|Nicholas Alexandrovich]], the then-heir to the Russian throne. However, Nicholas died only one year later.<ref name="DagmarBio" /> |
||
While on his deathbed, Nicholas insisted that his brother, the future [[Alexander III of Russia|Emperor Alexander III of Russia]], marry Dagmar.<ref name="A3Bio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/alexbio.php |title=Alexander III |last=Malsom |first=Scott |website=Alexander Palace Time Machine |publisher=Bob Atchinson |access-date=March 16, 2024}}</ref> Dagmar gradually developed a romantic attraction toward Alexander.<ref name="DagmarBio" /> They then married in October 1866,<ref name="DagmarBio" /> and Dagmar took the name |
While on his deathbed, Nicholas insisted that his brother, the future [[Alexander III of Russia|Emperor Alexander III of Russia]], marry Dagmar.<ref name="A3Bio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/alexbio.php |title=Alexander III |last=Malsom |first=Scott |website=Alexander Palace Time Machine |publisher=Bob Atchinson |access-date=March 16, 2024}}</ref> Dagmar gradually developed a romantic attraction toward Alexander.<ref name="DagmarBio" /> They then married in October 1866,<ref name="DagmarBio" /> and Dagmar took the name "Maria Feodorovna" after converting to [[Russian Orthodoxy]].<ref name="DagmarBio" /><ref name="A3Bio" /> |
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Maria and Alexander would go on to have six children together, one of whom, Alexander, did not survive past infancy.<ref name="DagmarBio" /> Maria adored and spoiled her surviving children, especially the future [[Nicholas II|Emperor Nicholas II of Russia]].<ref name="DagmarBio" /> Likewise, Alexander adored his daughters.<ref name="A3Bio" /> |
Maria and Alexander would go on to have six children together, one of whom, Alexander, did not survive past infancy.<ref name="DagmarBio" /> Maria adored and spoiled her surviving children, especially the future [[Nicholas II|Emperor Nicholas II of Russia]].<ref name="DagmarBio" /> Likewise, Alexander adored his daughters.<ref name="A3Bio" /> |
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Of the five children of Maria and Alexander that survived past infancy, [[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia|George]] died of [[ |
Of the five children of Maria and Alexander that survived past infancy, [[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia|George]] died of [[tuberculosis]]. Moreover, both Nicholas and [[Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia|Michael]], along with Nicholas's five children, were killed during the [[Russian Revolution]].<ref name="DagmarBio" /> |
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{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%;" align="center" |
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%;" align="center" |
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|align="center"| [[File:Nicholas II of Russia in his coronation robe.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Nicholas II of Russia in his coronation robe.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Nicholas II|Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia]]''' {{r.|1894|1917}} |
|align="center"| '''[[Nicholas II|Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia]]''' {{r.|1894|1917}}<ref name="N2Bio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/nicholas-ii-1779830 |title=Biography of Czar Nicholas II, Last Czar of Russia |last=Daniels |first=Patricia E. |website=ThoughtCo |publisher=Dotdash |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1868.0518|May 18, 1868}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1868.0518|May 18, 1868}}<ref name="N2Bio" /> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1918.0717|July 17, 1918}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1918.0717|July 17, 1918}}<ref name="N2Bio" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1894, '''[[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine]]''' ( |
|align="center"| Married 1894, '''[[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine]]'''<ref name="N2Bio" /> (1872<ref name="Gilliard">{{cite book |last=Gilliard |first=Pierre |author-link=Pierre Gilliard |date=1921 |title=Thirteen Years at the Russian Court |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/gilliard/IV.html}}</ref>–1918<ref name="N2Bio" />) and had 5 children:<ref name="N2Bio" /> |
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*[[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1895–1918) |
*[[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1895–1918)<ref name="N2Bio" /> |
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*[[Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1897<ref name="OTatianaMABirth">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theromanovfamily.com/grand-duchess-tatiana-nikolaevna-of-russia/ |title=TATIANA ROMANOV: GRAND DUCHESS TATIANA NIKOLAEVNA OF RUSSIA |last=Azar |first=Helen |website=The Romanov Family |publisher=WordPress |date=August 18, 2015 |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref>–1918<ref name="N2Bio" />) |
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*[[Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1897–1918) |
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*[[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1899<ref name="OTMariaAnastasiaBirth">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theromanovfamily.com/grand-duchess-maria-nikolaevna-of-russia/ |title=MARIA ROMANOV: GRAND DUCHESS MARIA NIKOLAEVNA OF RUSSIA |last=Madru |first=Amanda |website=The Romanov Family |publisher=WordPress |date=August 16, 2015 |access-date=April 18, 2024}}</ref>–1918<ref name="N2Bio" />) |
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*[[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1899–1918) |
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*[[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia]] ( |
*[[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia]] (1901<ref name="OTMariaAnastasiaBirth" />–1918<ref name="N2Bio" />) |
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*[[Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia]] (1904–1918) |
*[[Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia]] (1904–1918)<ref name="N2Bio" /> |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center"| [[File:Alexander russia.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Alexander russia.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1869.0607|June 7, 1869}}<ref name="AAlexandrovichRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18690607_grand_duke_alexander_alexandrovich_of_russia.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1869.0607|June 7, 1869}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1870.0502|May 2, 1870}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1870.0502|May 2, 1870}}<ref name="AAlexandrovichRFTree" /> |
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|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
||
|align="center"| [[File:George Alexandrovich of Russia by V.P.Mischenko (1892).jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:George Alexandrovich of Russia by V.P.Mischenko (1892).jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1871.0509|May 9, 1871}}<ref name="GAlexandrovichRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18710509_grand_duke_george_alexandrovich_of_russia.html |title=Royal Family Tree: George Alexandrovich of Russia |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1871.0509|May 9, 1871}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1899.0710|July 10, 1899}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1899.0710|July 10, 1899}}<ref name="GAlexandrovichRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
||
|align="center"| [[File:Xenia, russian grand duchess.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Xenia, russian grand duchess.jpg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia]]''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1875.0406|April 6, 1875}}<ref name="XeniaBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrp.org.uk/blog/a-royal-russian-resident-grand-duchess-xenia-romanov-at-hampton-court-palace/#gs.77v2nv |title=A ROYAL RUSSIAN RESIDENT: GRAND DUCHESS XENIA ROMANOV AT HAMPTON COURT PALACE |last=Spary |first=Emily |date=April 6, 2017 |website=Historic Royal Palaces |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1875.0406|April 6, 1875}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1960.0420|April 20, 1960}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1960.0420|April 20, 1960}}<ref name="XeniaBio" /> |
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|align="center"| Married 1894, '''[[Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia]]''' (1866–1933) and had 7 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1894, '''[[Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia]]'''<ref name="XeniaAfisha">{{Cite web |url=https://afisha.london/en/2024/04/05/emigration-of-the-romanovs-to-great-britain-the-story-of-grand-duchess-xenia/ |title=Emigration of the Romanovs to Great Britain: the story of Grand Duchess Xenia |last1=Latsio |first1=Irina |last2=Bagrova |first2=Margarita |website=Afisha.London |date=April 5, 2024 |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> (1866–1933) and had 7 children:<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /><ref name="XeniaBio" /> |
||
*[[Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia]] (1895–1970)<ref name="FYusupovBio">{{Cite web |url=https://afisha.london/en/2021/02/12/felix-yusupov-and-princess-irina-of-russia-love-riches-and-emigration/ |title=Felix Yusupov and Princess Irina of Russia: love, riches and emigration |last=Lacio |first=Irina |website=Afisha.London |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia]] (1895–1970) |
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*[[Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia]]<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /> (1897–1981)<ref name="RussiaSuccession">{{Cite web |url=https://imperialhouse.ru/en/imperialhouse-en/succession/385.html |title=The Russian Imperial House: A Historical Survey |author=<!--not stated--> |website=Russian Imperial House |publisher=AAZ |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1897–1981) |
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*[[Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1898–1968) |
*[[Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia]]<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /> (1898–1968) |
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*[[Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1900–1974) |
*[[Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia]]<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /> (1900–1974)<ref name="RussiaSuccession" /> |
||
*[[Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1901–1980) |
*[[Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia]]<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /> (1901–1980)<ref name="RussiaSuccession" /> |
||
*[[Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia]] ( |
*[[Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia]]<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /> (1902–1977)<ref name="RussiaSuccession" /> |
||
*[[Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia]]<ref name="XeniaAfisha" /> (1907–1989<ref name="VasiliDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=June 28, 1989 |title=Vasili Romanov, 81, Nephew of Last Czar|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/28/obituaries/vasili-romanov-81-nephew-of-last-czar.html |work=The New York Times |page=21 |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref>)<ref name="RussiaSuccession" /> |
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*[[Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia]] (1907–1989) |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
||
|align="center"| [[File:Mihail II.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Mihail II.jpg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia]]''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1878.1204|December 4, 1878}}<ref name="MAlexandrovichRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18781204_grand_duke_michael_alexandrovich_of_russia.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Michael Alexandrovich of Russia |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1878.1204|December 4, 1878}} |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1918.0613|June 13, 1918}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1918.0613|June 13, 1918}}<ref name="MAlexandrovichRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Married 1912, '''[[Natalia Brasova]]''' (1880–1952) and had 1 child: |
|align="center"| Married 1912, '''[[Natalia Brasova]]''' (1880–1952) and had 1 child:<ref name="BrasovaBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/ssees-archives/brs.htm |title=Brasova Collection |author=<!--not stated--> |website=UCL Library Services |publisher=University College London |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
||
*[[George Mikhailovich, Count Brasov]] (1910<ref name="MikhailBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/mikhail.php |title=Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich |last=Davidson |first=Lisa |website=Alexander Palace Time Machine |publisher=Bob Atchinson |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref>–1931)<ref name="BrasovaBio" /> |
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*[[George Mikhailovich, Count Brasov]] (1910–1931) |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
||
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[File:Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[File:Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center" rowspan="2"| '''[[Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia]]''' |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| '''[[Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia]]''' |
||
|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1882.0613|June 13, 1882}}<ref name="OlgaCANEncyclopedia">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/grand-duchess-olga |title=Grand Duchess Olga |last=Harris |first=Carolyn |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publication-date=July 2, 2021 |publisher=Historica Canada |access-date=April 10, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1882.0613|June 13, 1882}} |
|||
|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1960.1124|November 24, 1960}} |
|align="center" rowspan="2"| {{sort|1960.1124|November 24, 1960}}<ref name="OlgaCANEncyclopedia" /> |
||
|align="center"| Married 1901 (1), '''[[Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg]]''' (1868–1924) and had no children |
|align="center"| Married 1901 (1), '''[[Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg]]'''<ref name="OlgaCANEncyclopedia" /> (1868–1924) and had no children |
||
¶ Olga and Peter's marriage was annulled.<ref name="OlgaAnnul">{{Cite web |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/Olga.php |title=Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna |website=Alexander Palace Time Machine |publisher=Bob Atchinson |access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> |
¶ Olga and Peter's marriage was annulled.<ref name="OlgaAnnul">{{Cite web |url=https://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/Olga.php |title=Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna |website=Alexander Palace Time Machine |publisher=Bob Atchinson |access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> |
||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align="center"| Married 1916 (2), '''[[Nikolai Kulikovsky|Nikolai Alexandrovich Kulikovsky]]''' (1881–1958) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1916 (2), '''[[Nikolai Kulikovsky|Nikolai Alexandrovich Kulikovsky]]''' (1881–1958) and had 2 children:<ref name="OlgaCANEncyclopedia" /> |
||
*Tikhon Nikolaevich (1917–1993) |
*Tikhon Nikolaevich (1917–1993)<ref name="OlgaCANEncyclopedia" /> |
||
*Guri Nikolaevich (1919–1984) |
*Guri Nikolaevich (1919–1984)<ref name="OlgaCANEncyclopedia" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|} |
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Finding a suitable husband for Princess Thyra of Denmark was an undertaking for her mother, Queen Louise. However, Louise had one potential [[Courtship|suitor]] in mind for Thyra: [[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover|Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]]. Eventually, Thyra married Ernest Augustus, which gave her the desired opportunity to have children.<ref name="TAmalienborg" /> |
Finding a suitable husband for Princess Thyra of Denmark was an undertaking for her mother, Queen Louise. However, Louise had one potential [[Courtship|suitor]] in mind for Thyra: [[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover|Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]]. Eventually, Thyra married Ernest Augustus, which gave her the desired opportunity to have children.<ref name="TAmalienborg" /> |
||
Together, Thyra and Ernest Augustus had six children.{{efn|name=fn1}} Living in [[Gmunden]], Thyra enjoyed a quiet life which allowed her to spend time with her children. However, two of her sons died at a young age. Namely, Prince George passed away in a car accident on the way to the funeral of King Frederick VIII of Denmark. In addition, Prince Christian died of [[ |
Together, Thyra and Ernest Augustus had six children.{{efn|name=fn1}} Living in [[Gmunden]], Thyra enjoyed a quiet life which allowed her to spend time with her children. However, two of her sons died at a young age. Namely, Prince George passed away in a car accident on the way to the funeral of King Frederick VIII of Denmark. In addition, Prince Christian died of [[appendicitis]].<ref name="TAmalienborg" /> |
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{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%;" align="center" |
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width="100%;" align="center" |
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Line 501: | Line 496: | ||
|align="center"| [[File:Prinzessin Max von Baden.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Prinzessin Max von Baden.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Princess Marie Louise of Hanover|Princess Marie Louise of Hanover and Cumberland]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Princess Marie Louise of Hanover|Princess Marie Louise of Hanover and Cumberland]]''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1879.1011|October 11, 1879}}<ref name="ThyraIssueBirthdays">{{Cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=n.d. |title=THE ROYAL HOUSE OF HANOVER |pages=55–61 |url=https://www.victorianvoices.net/ARTICLES/MISC/LadiesRealm/LR1902-HouseofHanover.pdf |magazine=The Lady's Realm |publisher=Hutchinson |access-date=March 22, 2024 |via=VictorianVoices.net}}</ref><ref name="MLCumberlandRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18791011_princess_marie_louise_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Marie Louise of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1879.1011|October 11, 1879}} |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1948.0131|January 31, 1948}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1948.0131|January 31, 1948}}<ref name="MLCumberlandRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Married 1900, '''[[Prince Maximilian of Baden]]''' (1867–1929) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1900, '''[[Prince Maximilian of Baden]]'''<ref name="MaxBadenDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=November 7, 1912 |title=PRINCE MAX VON BADEN. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4048621 |work=The Argus (Melbourne) |location=Berlin |page=8 |access-date=March 22, 2024 |via=Trove}}</ref> (1867–1929<ref name="MaxBadenDeath" />) and had 2 children: |
||
*[[Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden]] (1902–1944) |
*[[Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden]] (1902–1944) |
||
*[[Berthold, Margrave of Baden]] (1906–1963<ref name="BertholdBadenDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=October 28, 1963 |title=Prince Berthold of Baden Dies, 57 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/222720659/?clipping_id=130507959&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjIyMjcyMDY1OSwiaWF0IjoxNzExMTQ3MTA5LCJleHAiOjE3MTEyMzM1MDl9.PGcMrrIFqOWMjhtyvfdWDo6y0aVoFc-c8-UAYgRtjHY |work=St. Cloud Times |location=Salem, Germany |page=7 |access-date=March 22, 2024 |via=Newspaper.com}}</ref>) |
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*[[Berthold, Margrave of Baden]] (1906–1963) |
|||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
||
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''Prince George William of Hanover and Cumberland''' |
|align="center"| '''Prince George William of Hanover and Cumberland''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1880.1028|October 28, 1880}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1880.1028|October 28, 1880}}<ref name="ThyraIssueBirthdays" /> |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1912.0520|May 20, 1912}}<ref name="GWCumberlandDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=May 21, 1912 |title=A PRINCE'S DEATH |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10224094?searchTerm=prince%20hanover%20killed&searchLimits= |work=The Mercury (Hobart)|location=Berlin |page=5 |access-date=March 22, 2024 |via=Trove}}</ref> |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1912.0520|May 20, 1912}} |
|||
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
||
|align="center"| [[File:Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''[[Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1882)|Princess Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1882)|Princess Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland]]''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1882.0929|September 29, 1882}}<ref name="ACumberlandRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18820929_princess_alexandra_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Alexandra of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1882.0929|September 29, 1882}} |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1963.0830|August 30, 1963}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1963.0830|August 30, 1963}}<ref name="ACumberlandRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Married 1904, '''[[Frederick Francis IV|Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]''' (1882–1945; {{r.|1897|1918}}) and had 5 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1904, '''[[Frederick Francis IV|Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]''' (1882–1945;<ref name="MStrelitzHistory">{{Cite web |url=https://mecklenburg-strelitz.org/history/history-of-the-house/ |title=History of the House |last=Corston |first=Daniel |website=House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> {{r.|1897|1918<ref name="MStrelitzHistory" />}}) and had 5 children: |
||
*[[Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1910–2001) |
*[[Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1910–2001)<ref name="MStrelitzHistory" /> |
||
*[[Duke Christian Louis of Mecklenburg|Duke Christian Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1912–1996) |
*[[Duke Christian Louis of Mecklenburg|Duke Christian Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1912–1996)<ref name="MStrelitzHistory" /> |
||
*Duchess Olga of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1916–1917) |
*Duchess Olga of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1916–1917) |
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*Duchess Thyra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1919–1981) |
*Duchess Thyra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1919–1981) |
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Line 526: | Line 521: | ||
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland''' |
|align="center"| '''Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1884.0711|July 11, 1884}}<ref name="ThyraIssueBirthdays" /><ref name="OCumberlandRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18840711_princess_olga_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Olga of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1884.0711|July 11, 1884}} |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1958.0921|September 21, 1958}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1958.0921|September 21, 1958}}<ref name="OCumberlandRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
||
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland''' |
|align="center"| '''Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland''' |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1885.0704|July 4, 1885}}<ref name="ChCumberlandRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18850704_prince_christian_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Christian of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1885.0704|July 4, 1885}} |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1901.0903|September 3, 1901}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1901.0903|September 3, 1901}}<ref name="ChCumberlandRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
|align="center"| Died unmarried and without children |
||
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
||
|align="center"| [[File:Ernstaugusthannover.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Ernstaugusthannover.jpg|100px]] |
||
|align="center"| '''[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]''' {{r.|1913|1918}} |
|align="center"| '''[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]''' {{r.|1913|1918}} |
||
|align="center"| {{sort|1887.1117|November 17, 1887}}<ref name="ThyraIssueBirthdays" /><ref name="EAugustusRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18871117_duke_of_brunswick_ernest_augustus.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Ernest Augustus |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1887.1117|November 17, 1887}} |
|||
|align="center"| {{sort|1953.0130|January 30, 1953}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1953.0130|January 30, 1953}}<ref name="EAugustusRFTree" /> |
||
|align="center"| Married 1913, '''[[Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia]]''' (1892–1980) and had 5 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1913, '''[[Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia]]''' (1892–1980) and had 5 children:<ref name="EAugustusRFTree" /> |
||
*[[Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1914)|Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick]] (1914–1987) |
*[[Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1914)|Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick]] (1914–1987)<ref name="EA1914RFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/19140318_prince_ernest_augustus_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Ernest Augustus of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
||
*[[Prince George William of Hanover]] (1915–2006)<ref name="GWilliam1915Bio">{{cite journal |last=Müller |first=Norbert |date=March 2006 |title=HRH Prince George Wilhelm of Hanover (Obituary) |url=https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/JOH-Archives/JOHv14n1t.pdf |journal=Journal of Olympic History |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=65 |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
*[[Prince George William of Hanover]] (1915–2006) |
|||
*[[Frederica of Hanover|Frederica, Queen of the Hellenes]] (1917–1981)<ref name="FredericaDeath">{{Cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=February 7, 1981 |title=FREDERIKA, GREEK QUEEN MOTHER; IN MADRID HOSPITAL AS AN EXILE |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/07/obituaries/frederika-greek-queen-mother-in-madrid-hospital-as-an-exile.html |work=The New York Times |page=32 |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
*[[Frederica of Hanover|Frederica, Queen of the Hellenes]] (1917–1981) |
|||
**Mother of [[Queen Sofía of Spain|Sofía, Queen of Spain]] and [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II, King of the Hellenes]] |
**Mother of [[Queen Sofía of Spain|Sofía, Queen of Spain]]<ref name="FredericaDeath" /> and [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II, King of the Hellenes]]<ref name="C2GreeceBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/windsor-en |title=Greek Royal Family - THANKSGIVING SERVICE FOR THE LIFE OF HIS MAJESTY KING CONSTANTINE OF THE HELLENES |website=Greek Royal Family |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref><ref name="FredericaDeath" /> |
||
*Prince Christian Oscar of Hanover (1919–1981)<ref name="COscarRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/19190901_prince_christian_oscar_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Christian Oscar of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
|||
*Prince Christian Oscar of Hanover (1919–1981) |
|||
*Prince Welf Henry of Hanover (1923–1997)<ref name="WelfRFTree">{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/19230311_prince_welf_henry_of_hanover.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Welf Henry of Hanover |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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*Prince Welf Henry of Hanover (1923–1997) |
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In 1885, Prince Valdemar of Denmark married [[Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)|Marie of Orléans]], a French princess. Together, they had five children who were nicknamed the "naughty children from the [[Yellow Palace, Copenhagen|Yellow Palace]]". Nevertheless, both Valdemar and Marie were very popular in Denmark.<ref name="VAmalienborg" /> |
In 1885, Prince Valdemar of Denmark married [[Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)|Marie of Orléans]], a French princess. Together, they had five children who were nicknamed the "naughty children from the [[Yellow Palace, Copenhagen|Yellow Palace]]". Nevertheless, both Valdemar and Marie were very popular in Denmark.<ref name="VAmalienborg" /> |
||
Because of Valdemar's interest in ships, he |
Because of Valdemar's interest in ships, he went on long sea voyages, a practice that continued during his marriage to Marie.<ref name="VAmalienborg" /> |
||
{| class="sortable wikitable" |
{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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Line 573: | Line 568: | ||
|align="center"| '''[[Prince Axel of Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Prince Axel of Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1888.0812|August 12, 1888}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1888.0812|August 12, 1888}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1964.0714|July 14, 1964}}<ref name="AxelDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=July 15, 1964 |title=PRINCE AXEL DIES; LED DANISH FIRM; Businessman and Flier Was an Avid Sportsman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/15/archives/prince-axel-dies-led-danish-firm-businessman-and-flier-was-an-avid.html |work=The New York Times |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |page=32 |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1964.0714|July 14, 1964}} |
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|align="center"| Married 1919, '''[[Princess Margaretha of Sweden]]''' (1899–1977) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1919, '''[[Princess Margaretha of Sweden]]'''<ref name="AxelDeath" /> (1899–1977) and had 2 children:<ref name="AxelDeath" /> |
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*[[Prince Georg of Denmark|Prince George of Denmark]] ( |
*[[Prince Georg of Denmark|Prince George of Denmark]] (1920<ref name="AxelDeath" />–1986) |
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*[[Count Flemming of Rosenborg|Prince Flemming of Denmark]] ( |
*[[Count Flemming of Rosenborg|Prince Flemming of Denmark]] (1922<ref name="AxelDeath" />–2002) |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center"| [[File:Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg, 1924.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg, 1924.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg|Prince Erik of Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg|Prince Erik of Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1890.1108|November 8, 1890}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1890.1108|November 8, 1890}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1950.0911|September 11, 1950}}<ref name="ErikDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=September 12, 1950 |title=PRINCE ERIK DEAD IN DENMARK AT 59; Cousin of King Christian Gave Up Rights of Succession When He Wed Canadian in 1924 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/09/12/archives/prince-erik-dead-in-denmark-at-59-cousin-of-king-christian-gave-up.html |work=The New York Times |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |page=27 |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1950.0910|September 10, 1950}} |
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|align="center"| Married 1924, '''Lois Frances Booth''' (1897–1941) and had 2 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1924, '''Lois Frances Booth'''<ref name="ErikDeath" /> (1897–1941) and had 2 children:<ref name="LoisBlog">{{Cite web |url=https://todayinottawashistory.wordpress.com/2014/12/13/ill-starred-royal-romance/ |title=Ill-Starred Royal Romance |last=Powell |first=James |website=Today in Ottawa's History |date=December 13, 2014 |publisher=WordPress.com |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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*Countess Alexandra of Rosenborg ( |
*Countess Alexandra of Rosenborg (1927<ref name="LoisBlog" />–1992) |
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*Count Christian of Rosenborg ( |
*Count Christian of Rosenborg (1932<ref name="LoisBlog" />–1997) |
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¶ Erik and Lois's marriage ended in 1937.<ref name="ErikDivorce">{{Cite |
¶ Erik and Lois's marriage ended in 1937.<ref name="ErikDivorce">{{Cite magazine |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,758044,00.html |title=Milestones, Jul. 26, 1937 |magazine=TIME |date=July 26, 1937 |access-date=March 12, 2024}}</ref> |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=f0fcff |
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|align="center"| [[File:Count Viggo of Rosenborg.png|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Count Viggo of Rosenborg.png|100px]] |
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|align="center"| '''[[Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg|Prince Viggo of Denmark]]''' |
|align="center"| '''[[Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg|Prince Viggo of Denmark]]''' |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1893.1225|December 25, 1893}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1893.1225|December 25, 1893}} |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1970.0104|January 4, 1970}}<ref name="ViggoDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=January 5, 1970 |title=Prince Viggo, 76, Widower of Peter Cooper Descendant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/05/archives/prince-viggo-76-widower-of-peter-cooper-descendant.html |work=The New York Times |location=Ebeltoft, Denmark |page=37 |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1970.0104|January 4, 1970}} |
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|align="center"| Married 1924, '''[[Eleanor Margaret Green]]''' (1895–1966) and had no children |
|align="center"| Married 1924, '''[[Eleanor Margaret Green]]'''<ref name="ViggoDeath" /> (1895–1966<ref name="ViggoDeath" />) and had no children<ref name="ViggoDeath" /> |
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|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
|-valign="top" bgcolor=fff8f8 |
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|align="center"| [[File:Princess Margaret of Denmark.jpg|100px]] |
|align="center"| [[File:Princess Margaret of Denmark.jpg|100px]] |
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|align="center"| {{sort|1992.0918|September 18, 1992}} |
|align="center"| {{sort|1992.0918|September 18, 1992}} |
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|align="center"| Married 1921, '''[[Prince René of Bourbon-Parma]]''' (1894–1962) and had 4 children: |
|align="center"| Married 1921, '''[[Prince René of Bourbon-Parma]]''' (1894–1962) and had 4 children: |
||
*Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922–1964<ref name="JacquesDeath">{{Cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=November 6, 1964|title=Prince Killed in Denmark As Car and Truck Collide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/06/archives/prince-killed-in-denmark-as-car-and-truck-collide.html |work=The New York Times |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |page=26 |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref>) |
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*Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922–1964) |
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*[[Anne of Romania|Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma]] (1923–2016)<ref name="AnneRomaniaDeath">{{Cite magazine |last=Pearl |first=Diana |date= |title=Ambulance Driver, Poultry Farm Worker and Exiled Royal: Inside the Fascinating Life of the Late Queen Anne of Romania |url=https://people.com/royals/queen-anne-of-romania-dies-at-92-obituary/ |magazine=People |publisher=Dotdash Meredith |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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*[[Anne of Romania|Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma]] (1923–2016) |
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**Spouse of [[Michael I of Romania|Michael I, King of Romania]] |
**Spouse of [[Michael I of Romania|Michael I, King of Romania]]<ref name="AnneRomaniaDeath" /> |
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*[[Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma]] (1926–2018<ref name="MichelDeath">{{Cite news |last=Davison |first=Phil |date=August 18, 2018|title=Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma, European royal and Allied paratrooper, dies at 92 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/prince-michel-of-bourbon-parma-european-royal-and-allied-paratrooper-dies-at-92/2018/08/18/96d2317c-a185-11e8-8e87-c869fe70a721_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=March 22, 2024}}</ref>) |
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*[[Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma]] (1926–2018) |
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*Prince André of Bourbon-Parma (1928–2011) |
*Prince André of Bourbon-Parma (1928–2011) |
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|- |
|- |
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*[[Nicholas I of Montenegro]] - Another European king whose descendants married into multiple royal families |
*[[Nicholas I of Montenegro]] - Another European king whose descendants married into multiple royal families |
||
*[[Descendants of Queen Victoria]] - Describes progeny of one of Christian IX's contemporaries |
*[[Descendants of Queen Victoria]] - Describes progeny of one of Christian IX's contemporaries |
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**[[Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX]] |
**[[Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*{{Cite web |url=https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/g19557233/royal-family-illegitimate-children/ |title=All the Royals With (Rumored) Illegitimate Children |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Blanca |last2=Warner |first2=Alex |website=Marie Claire |publisher=Future plc |date=December 31, 2019 |access-date=March 12, 2024}} |
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/g19557233/royal-family-illegitimate-children/ |title=All the Royals With (Rumored) Illegitimate Children |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Blanca |last2=Warner |first2=Alex |website=Marie Claire |publisher=Future plc |date=December 31, 2019 |access-date=March 12, 2024}} |
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*{{Cite web |url=https://royalfamilytree.uk/18800407_princess_olga_of_greece_and_denmark.html |title=Royal Family Tree: Olga of Greece and Denmark |last=Salmond |first=Nick |website=Royal Family Tree |access-date=April 18, 2024}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
Revision as of 14:42, 27 April 2024
Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1918 – January 29, 1906) ruled Denmark from 1863 to 1906. Known as the "father-in-law of Europe",[1] he and his wife, Louise of Hesse-Kassel (September 7, 1817 – September 29, 1898), became the ancestors of many members of European royalty. Some of these descendants would play a role in the history of several European countries, including Greece, Russia, and the United Kingdom. This article describes the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of Christian and Louise.
Background
King Christian IX
For the first 13 years of his life, Christian lived in Germany.[1] Following the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm, in 1831, Christian trained as an officer in Copenhagen. He fought on behalf of the Danish Unitary State in the First Schleswig War.[2]
In 1852, Christian became the heir-presumptive to the Danish throne. Following the death of King Frederick VII 11 years later, Christian became King of Denmark.[1] Due to Christian's German background, he was unpopular among his subjects during the start of his reign.[2] Moreover, he nearly abdicated in 1864 after Denmark's loss in the Second Schleswig War. However, as Christian's children married into several European royal families, his popularity recovered.[1]
Queen Louise
Born Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Louise became Queen of Denmark in 1863. Because her mother was a sister of King Christian VIII, Louise's marriage to Christian IX was an important factor in his rise to the Danish throne. Moreover, Louise was instrumental in marrying her children across European royalty, which helped increase her husband's popularity among the Danish people.[3]
As Queen of Denmark, Louise exemplified the female ideas of her time. Despite remaining in the shadow of Christian, she showed artistic and social talent. Moreover, through her charity work, Louise founded the Diakonissestiftelsen in Copenhagen.[3]
Marriage of Christian IX and Louise
Christian and Louise were married in 1842.[2][3]
The Marriage of King Christian IX and Queen Louise | ||||
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Descendants |
Christian IX, King of Denmark | April 8, 1818 | January 29, 1906 | 6 children, including:
40 grandchildren, including: | |
Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel | September 7, 1817 | September 29, 1898 |
Children of Christian IX and Louise
King Christian IX, together with Queen Louise, had six children: Frederick, Alexandra, George, Dagmar, Thyra, and Valdemar.[3] Because of strained finances and limited fortunes that Christian and Louise had before 1852, they were actively involved in the education of Dagmar and her siblings during that time.[4] Later, from 1875 to 1900, Christian and Louise would welcome their children and grandchildren across six different European royal houses at Fredensborg Palace annually in the late summer.[5]
Within Christian and Louise's family, Thyra was called the "gentle and good daughter" by her father. In addition, Alexandra and Dagmar were respectively seen as the "pretty" and "clever" girls.[6] In contrast, Christian rejected Frederick, then Crown Prince of Denmark, because of their contrasting conservative and reformist mindsets, respectively.[7]
Portrait of King Christian IX and Queen Louise's family |
---|
Grandchildren of Christian IX and Louise
Christian IX and Louise had thirty-nine grandchildren via eight children of Frederick VIII,[7] six children of Alexandra,[9] eight children of George I,[10][b] six children of Dagmar,[4] six children of Thyra,[6][a] and five children of Valdemar.[12]
Children of Frederick VIII and Louise
At the age of 17, Princess Louise of Sweden became engaged to the future King Frederick VIII of Denmark at Bäckaskog Castle. Frederick and Louise would later marry in 1869 in Stockholm.[13] This marriage took place in the context of a desire for a Scandinavian union in both Denmark and Sweden.[14]
Together, Frederick and Louise had eight children.[7][13] Two of these children, Christian and Haakon, became King of Denmark and King of Norway, respectively.[7][14] Frederick and Louise's family came to be defined by Louise's piety. Moreover, Louise oversaw the strictly disciplined education of her children.[14]
Over time, Frederick and Louise's marriage became a happy one.[14] However, because of Frederick's estrangement from his father,[7][14] he and his wife kept their distance from his relatives. In addition, Louise had difficult relationships with her in-laws in the Danish royal family.[14]
Portrait of King Frederick VIII and Queen Louise's family |
---|
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Spouse and children |
---|---|---|---|---|
Christian X, King of Denmark r. 1912–1947 | September 26, 1870 | April 20, 1947 | Married 1898, Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1879–1952) and had 2 children:
| |
Haakon VII, King of Norway r. 1905–1957 | August 3, 1872 | September 21, 1957 | Married 1896, Princess Maud of Wales (1869–1938) and had 1 child:
| |
Princess Louise of Denmark | February 17, 1875 | April 4, 1906 | Married 1896, Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe (1868–1945) and had 3 children:
| |
Prince Harald of Denmark | October 8, 1876 | March 30, 1949 | Married 1909, Princess Helena Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1888–1962) and had 5 children:
| |
Princess Ingeborg of Denmark | August 2, 1878 | March 12, 1958 | Married 1897, Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland (1861–1951) and had 4 children:
| |
Princess Thyra of Denmark | March 14, 1880 | November 2, 1945 | Died unmarried and without children | |
Prince Gustav of Denmark | March 4, 1887 | October 5, 1944 | Died unmarried and without children | |
Princess Dagmar of Denmark | May 23, 1890 | October 11, 1961 | Married 1922, Jørgen Castenskjold (1893–1978) and had 5 children:
|
Children of Alexandra and Edward VII
In 1861, Princess Alexandra met the future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom at the Speyer Cathedral in Germany. Edward was the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.[15] Edward later proposed to Alexandra in 1862, and they married in 1863 at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.[15][9]
Although Alexandra and Edward got along fairly well,[16] Edward engaged in several affairs during their marriage.[9] However, for the most part, Alexandra did not pay attention to her husband's romantic liaisons.[16]
Together, Alexandra and Edward had six children.[9] One of these children, Alexander John, died in infancy.[17] Furthermore, Alexandra and Edward's eldest son, Albert Victor, died in 1892 after contracting an illness during a flu pandemic. Albert Victor's passing devastated Alexandra.[9]
The three daughters of Edward and Alexandra, Louise, Victoria, and Maud, were known for being active during their youth. As the daughters aged, they became more withdrawn. Alexandra did not want Louise, Victoria, and Maud to marry because her daughters had two brothers who could potentially follow Edward to the British throne. However, both Louise and Maud eventually married.[17]
Portrait of Queen Alexandra and King Edward VII's family |
---|
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Spouse and children |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale | January 8, 1864 | January 14, 1892 | Died unmarried and without children | |
George V, King of the United Kingdom r. 1910–1936 | June 3, 1865 | January 20, 1936 | Married 1893, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (1867–1953) and had 6 children:
| |
Louise, Princess Royal | February 20, 1867 | January 4, 1931 | Married 1889, Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (1849–1912) and had 3 children:
| |
Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom | July 6, 1868 | December 3, 1935 | Died unmarried and without children | |
Princess Maud of Wales | November 26, 1869 | November 20, 1938 | Married 1896, Haakon VII, King of Norway (1872–1957; r. 1905–1957) and had 1 child:
| |
Prince Alexander John of Wales | April 6, 1871 | April 7, 1871 | Died unmarried and without children |
Children of George I and Olga
In 1863, the Kingdom of Greece was without a monarch. The royal houses of Europe believed that George I, then Prince William of Denmark, would be a suitable candidate for the Greek throne. Consequently, George traveled to Greece, a country that he had never visited before, that same year to start his reign.[10]
After arriving in Greece, George married Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia in 1867. George and Olga had seven children together.[10][b]
Portrait of King George I and Queen Olga's family |
---|
Children of Dagmar and Alexander III
Queen Louise, Dagmar's mother, hoped to find a suitable husband for her daughter in the Russian imperial court. Following the marriage of Dagmar's sister Alexandra, Queen Louise dedicated her enthusiasm into making these hopes a reality. Eventually, in 1864, Dagmar became engaged to Nicholas Alexandrovich, the then-heir to the Russian throne. However, Nicholas died only one year later.[4]
While on his deathbed, Nicholas insisted that his brother, the future Emperor Alexander III of Russia, marry Dagmar.[42] Dagmar gradually developed a romantic attraction toward Alexander.[4] They then married in October 1866,[4] and Dagmar took the name "Maria Feodorovna" after converting to Russian Orthodoxy.[4][42]
Maria and Alexander would go on to have six children together, one of whom, Alexander, did not survive past infancy.[4] Maria adored and spoiled her surviving children, especially the future Emperor Nicholas II of Russia.[4] Likewise, Alexander adored his daughters.[42]
Of the five children of Maria and Alexander that survived past infancy, George died of tuberculosis. Moreover, both Nicholas and Michael, along with Nicholas's five children, were killed during the Russian Revolution.[4]
Portrait of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria's family |
---|
Children of Thyra and Ernest Augustus
Finding a suitable husband for Princess Thyra of Denmark was an undertaking for her mother, Queen Louise. However, Louise had one potential suitor in mind for Thyra: Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. Eventually, Thyra married Ernest Augustus, which gave her the desired opportunity to have children.[6]
Together, Thyra and Ernest Augustus had six children.[a] Living in Gmunden, Thyra enjoyed a quiet life which allowed her to spend time with her children. However, two of her sons died at a young age. Namely, Prince George passed away in a car accident on the way to the funeral of King Frederick VIII of Denmark. In addition, Prince Christian died of appendicitis.[6]
Portrait of Crown Princess Thyra and Crown Prince Ernest Augustus's family |
---|
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Spouse and children |
---|---|---|---|---|
Princess Marie Louise of Hanover and Cumberland | October 11, 1879[59][60] | January 31, 1948[60] | Married 1900, Prince Maximilian of Baden[61] (1867–1929[61]) and had 2 children:
| |
Prince George William of Hanover and Cumberland | October 28, 1880[59] | May 20, 1912[63] | Died unmarried and without children | |
Princess Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland | September 29, 1882[64] | August 30, 1963[64] | Married 1904, Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1882–1945;[65] r. 1897–1918[65]) and had 5 children:
| |
Princess Olga of Hanover and Cumberland | July 11, 1884[59][66] | September 21, 1958[66] | Died unmarried and without children | |
Prince Christian of Hanover and Cumberland | July 4, 1885[67] | September 3, 1901[67] | Died unmarried and without children | |
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick r. 1913–1918 | November 17, 1887[59][68] | January 30, 1953[68] | Married 1913, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (1892–1980) and had 5 children:[68]
|
Children of Valdemar and Marie
In 1885, Prince Valdemar of Denmark married Marie of Orléans, a French princess. Together, they had five children who were nicknamed the "naughty children from the Yellow Palace". Nevertheless, both Valdemar and Marie were very popular in Denmark.[12]
Because of Valdemar's interest in ships, he went on long sea voyages, a practice that continued during his marriage to Marie.[12]
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | Spouse and children |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prince Aage of Denmark | June 10, 1887 | February 19, 1940 | Married 1914, Mathilde Calvi dei conti di Bergolo (1885–1949) and had 1 child:
| |
Prince Axel of Denmark | August 12, 1888 | July 14, 1964[75] | Married 1919, Princess Margaretha of Sweden[75] (1899–1977) and had 2 children:[75]
| |
Prince Erik of Denmark | November 8, 1890 | September 11, 1950[76] | Married 1924, Lois Frances Booth[76] (1897–1941) and had 2 children:[77]
¶ Erik and Lois's marriage ended in 1937.[78] | |
Prince Viggo of Denmark | December 25, 1893 | January 4, 1970[79] | Married 1924, Eleanor Margaret Green[79] (1895–1966[79]) and had no children[79] | |
Princess Margaret of Denmark | September 17, 1895 | September 18, 1992 | Married 1921, Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (1894–1962) and had 4 children:
|
See also
- John William Friso - Another European prince with descendants in multiple royal families
- Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt - Most recent common ancestor of all current hereditary European monarchs
- Descendants of Miguel I of Portugal - Describes progeny of another European king whose descendants married into multiple royal families
- Nicholas I of Montenegro - Another European king whose descendants married into multiple royal families
- Descendants of Queen Victoria - Describes progeny of one of Christian IX's contemporaries
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b c d "Christian IX". Royal Palaces. National Museum of Denmark. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Christian IX". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Queen Louise". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Beeche, Art. "Dowager Empress Marie". Alexander Palace Time Machine. Bob Atchinson. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ "The History of Denmark 1875-1900". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Thyra". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Frederik VIII 1906-1912". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
- ^ Rodriguez & Warner 2019, Princess Thyra of Denmark.
- ^ a b c d e Prahl, Amanda. "Biography of Queen Alexandra". ThoughtCo. Dotdash. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Vilhelm (George I)". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ^ Salmond n.d., DETAILS.
- ^ a b c "Valdemar". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ^ a b "Queen Lovisa of Denmark". Swedish Royal Court. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "Queen Lovisa". Amalienborg Palace. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
- ^ a b "Edward VII (r.1901-1910)". The Royal Family. Royal Household at Buckingham Palace. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
- ^ a b Prahl, Amanda. "Biography of Edward VII, Successor to Queen Victoria". ThoughtCo. Dotdash. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
- ^ a b Lewis, Jone Johnson. "The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife". ThoughtCo. Dotdash. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
- ^ Salmond, Nick. "Royal Family Tree: George of Greece and Denmark". Royal Family Tree. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ "PRINCE GEORGE OF GREECE DIES; Uncle of King Paul and Duke of Edinburgh Succumbs at His French Home at 88". The New York Times. Paris. November 26, 1957. p. 33. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b Storr, Anthony (February 6, 1983). "AN UNLIKELY ANALYST". The New York Times. p. 8. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ Firth, Raymond (1980). "Obituary". RAIN. p. 13. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ Llorente, Analía (August 8, 2020). "Orgasmo femenino: quién fue Marie Bonaparte, la princesa que fue una pionera en la investigación sexual en el siglo XX" [The Female Orgasm: Who Was Marie Bonaparte, the Princess That Was a Pioneer in Sexual Research in the 20th Century]. BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b Salmond, Nick. "Royal Family Tree: Alexandra of Greece and Denmark". Royal Family Tree. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ "Maria Pavlovna of Russia". Swedish Royal Court. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ "Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich". Alexander Palace Time Machine. Bob Atchinson. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g "PRINCE NICHOLAS OF GREECE. Death at Athens. FATHER OF DUCHESS OF KENT". The Sydney Morning Herald. Athens: John Fairfax and Sons. February 8, 1938. p. 17. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ Leake, Natasha (January 18, 2023). "The glamorous and difficult life of the 'snobbish' Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia, grandmother of the Queen's cousins". Tatler. Condé Nast Britain. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ Balfour, Neil R. (November 3, 1997). "Obituary: Princess Paul of Yugoslavia". The Independent. Independent Newspaper Limited. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ "1968: Princess Marina laid to rest". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
- ^ a b Salmond, Nick. "Royal Family Tree: Maria of Greece and Denmark". Royal Family Tree. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b "Mrs. Paul Chavchavadze Dies; Russian Princess Was an Artist". The New York Times. Hyannis, Massachusetts. March 1, 1974. p. 32. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b Salmond, Nick. "Royal Family Tree: Olga of Greece and Denmark". Royal Family Tree. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b Salmond, Nick. "Royal Family Tree: Andrew of Greece and Denmark". Royal Family Tree. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Foussianes, Chloe (November 18, 2019). "How Princess Alice of Battenberg, Prince Philip's Mother, Became the Royal Family's Black Sheep". Town & Country. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Prince Philip's elder sister dies at 87". The Scotsman. National World plc. November 30, 2001. p. 32. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ "Announcement of the death of The Duke of Edinburgh" (Press release). The Royal Household. April 9, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ "The King". The Royal Family. The Royal Household. Biography. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
- ^ a b Salmond, Nick. "Royal Family Tree: Christopher of Greece and Denmark". Royal Family Tree. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ "CHRISTOPHER DEAD; HE WED MRS. LEEDS; Grecian Prince Married the Widow of Cleveland Tin-Plate Manufacturer in 1920 SHE LEFT HIM FORTUNE Uncle of the Duchess of Kent Was Constantine's Brother and Son of George I". The New York Times. Athens, Greece. January 22, 1940. p. 19. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b "Christopher, Widower of Former Mrs. Leeds, To Wed Daughter of French Pretender". The New York Times. Rome. October 30, 1928. p. 1. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b Michael of Greece. "Prince Michel of Greece : my story". Prince Michael's Chronicles. Michael of Greece. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
- ^ a b c Malsom, Scott. "Alexander III". Alexander Palace Time Machine. Bob Atchinson. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
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