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{{Short description|Territory that does not possess full political independence as a sovereign state}} |
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{{About|external territories which have a greater degree of autonomy from their parent state and function as ''de facto'' independent political entities|subnational administrative divisions which have some degree of autonomy under the national government|Autonomous administrative division}} |
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{{Forms of government|expanded=Client state}} |
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A dependency is commonly distinguished from other [[subnational entity|subnational entities]] in that they are not considered to be part of the integral territory of the governing State. A subnational entity typically represents a division of the State ''proper'', while a dependent territory often maintains a great degree of autonomy from the controlling State. Historically, most colonies were considered to be dependencies of their controlling State. Most of these have either become independent, by joining neighbouring independent countries, or assimilated into the conquering state. The dependencies that remain generally maintain a very high degree of political autonomy. Although dependencies retain a degree of autonomy, not all autonomous entities are considered to be dependencies.<ref>[http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/council.htm United Nations Trusteeship Council]</ref> |
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A '''dependent territory''', '''dependent area''', or '''dependency''' (sometimes referred as an '''external territory''') is a [[territory]] that does not possess full political [[independence]] or [[sovereignty]] as a [[sovereign state]] and remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area. As such, a dependent territory includes a range of non-integrated not fully to non-independent territory types, from [[associated state]]s to [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|non-self-governing territories]] (e.g. a [[colony]]). |
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[[File:Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories.djvu|200px|thumb|The United Nations list of Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (Official document 2002)]] |
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A dependent territory is commonly distinguished from a [[administrative division|country subdivision]] by being considered not to be a constituent part of a sovereign state. An administrative subdivision, instead, is understood to be a division of a state proper. A dependent territory, conversely, often maintains a great degree of autonomy from its controlling state. Historically, most colonies were considered to be dependent territories. Not all autonomous entities, though, are considered to be dependent territories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/history/international-trusteeship-system-and-trust-territories|title=International Trusteeship System and Trust Territories | The United Nations and Decolonization|website=United Nations }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2020}} Most inhabited, dependent territories have their own [[ISO 3166]] country codes. |
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Many political entities have a special position recognized by international treaty or agreement resulting in a certain level of autonomy or differences in immigration rules. These are sometimes<ref name="The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories">[http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf United Nations General Assembly 15th Session - The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509-510)]</ref> considered dependencies,<ref>[http://www.listaba.com/list/01000326594567/ Listaba.com]</ref> but are officially considered by their controlling states to be integral parts of the state.<ref name="The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories"/> Examples are [[Åland]] ([[Finland]]), [[Hong Kong]] ([[China]]), [[Macau]] (China), and [[Sabah]] (Malaysia).<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2006.html The World Factbook]. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref> |
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Some political entities inhabit a special position guaranteed by an international treaty or another agreement, thereby creating a certain level of autonomy (e.g. a difference in immigration rules). Those entities are sometimes considered to be, or are at least grouped with, dependent territories,<ref name="The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories">{{Cite web|url=http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320074502/http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf|url-status=dead|title=United Nations General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510)|archivedate=March 20, 2012}}</ref> but are officially considered by their governing states to be an integral part of those states.<ref name="The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories"/> Such an example is [[Åland]], an [[Regions of Finland#Åland|autonomous region]] of [[Finland]]. |
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== Lists of dependent territories == |
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==Summary== |
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Dependency claims without general international recognition, including all claims in [[Antarctica]], are listed in ''italics''. The list includes several territories that are not included in the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories|list of non-self-governing territories]] listed by the General Assembly of the [[United Nations]].<ref>For the list, see {{cite web |
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The lists below include the following: |
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| author = Special Committee on Decolonization |
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| title = Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories |
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===Dependent territories=== |
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| publisher = United Nations, Special Committee on Decolonization |
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[[File:Unnamed glacial canyon, northern Greenland (6993811096).jpg|thumb|Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark in North America]] |
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| year = 2002 |
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| url = http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml |
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* Two states in free association, one dependent territory, and one Antarctic claim in the [[#New Zealand|listing for New Zealand]] |
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| accessdate = 2010-09-23}}</ref> This list includes territories that have not been legally incorporated into their governing state. |
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* One uninhabited territory and two Antarctic claims in the [[#Norway|listing for Norway]] |
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* 13 overseas territories (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), three Crown dependencies, and one Antarctic claim in the [[#United Kingdom|listing for the United Kingdom]] |
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* 13 unincorporated territories (five inhabited and eight uninhabited) and two claimed but uncontrolled territories in the [[#United States|listing for the United States]] |
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===Similar entities=== |
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* Six external territories (three inhabited and three uninhabited) and one Antarctic claim in the [[#Australia|listing for Australia]] |
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* Two special administrative regions in the [[#China|listing for China]] |
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* Two self-governing territories with autonomy in internal affairs in the [[#Denmark|listing for Denmark]] |
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* One autonomous region governed according to an act and international treaties in the [[#Finland|listing for Finland]] |
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* Five autonomous overseas collectivities, one ''sui generis'' collectivity, and two uninhabited overseas territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim) in the [[#France|listing for France]] |
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* Three constituent countries with autonomy in internal affairs in the [[#Netherlands|listing for the Netherlands]] |
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* One internal territory with limited sovereignty in the [[#Norway 2|listing for Norway]] |
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[[File:Palm Beach, Aruba (4901990402).jpg|thumb|[[Aruba]], a Dependent territory of the Netherlands in [[Caribbean|the Caribbean]]]] |
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[[File:Dependent territories.svg|thumb|center|600px|Dependent territories and their sovereign states. All territories are labeled according to [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|ISO 3166-1]]{{refn|group=note|Each territory in the [[United States Minor Outlying Islands]] is labeled '''UM-''' followed by the first letter of its name and another unique letter if needed.}} or with numbers.{{refn|group=note|The following territories do not have [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|ISO 3166-1]] codes:<br>'''1''': [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]<br>'''2''': [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]]<br>'''3''': [[Coral Sea Islands]]}} Coloured areas without labels are integral parts of their respective countries. [[Antarctica]] is shown as a [[condominium (international law)|condominium]] instead of [[territorial claims in Antarctica|individual claims]].]] |
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==Lists of dependent territories== |
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This list includes all territories that have not been legally incorporated into their governing state, including several territories that are not on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories|list of non-self-governing territories]] of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] of the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-1999) |url=https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112191222/https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgov.shtml |archive-date=12 Jan 2017 |access-date=20 Jan 2023 |website=United Nations}}</ref> All claims in [[Antarctica]] are listed in ''italics''. |
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===New Zealand=== |
===New Zealand=== |
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{{ |
{{Main|Realm of New Zealand}} |
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[[New Zealand]] has two [[political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|self-governing associated states]], one dependent territory, and a territorial claim in Antarctica.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salesa |first1=Damon Ieremia |title=Island time : New Zealand's Pacific futures |date=2017 |publisher=Bridget Williams Books |location=Wellington, New Zealand |isbn=9781988533506 |pages=6–7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtdBDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{better|date=April 2024}} |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! Associated state !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{ |
| {{flag|Cook Islands}} || Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1965. Cook Islands' status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.<ref name="justice.govt.nz">{{cite web|url=http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/publications-archived/2000/pacific-peoples-constitution-report-september-2000/documents/Bibliography.doc|title=Find a publication | New Zealand Ministry of Justice|access-date=2013-11-14|archive-date=2016-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429042126/http://www.justice.govt.nz/publications/publications-archived/2000/pacific-peoples-constitution-report-september-2000/documents/Bibliography.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of the Cook Islands. These responsibilities confer no rights of control and are exercised only at the request of the Cook Islands Government. The government of New Zealand does not consider it appropriate for the Cook Islands to have a separate seat at the United Nations, due to its continued use of the right of Cook Islanders to have [[New Zealand nationality law|New Zealand citizenship]].<ref name="Cook Islands UN">{{cite web|url=http://hpr2.org/post/pacific-news-minute-cook-islands-bid-un-membership-hold|title=Pacific News Minute: Cook Islands Bid for UN Membership On Hold|first=Neal|last=Conan|publisher=Hawai'i Public Radio|date=11 August 2015|access-date=6 April 2019|archive-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209114008/http://www.hpr2.org/post/pacific-news-minute-cook-islands-bid-un-membership-hold|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| [[ISO 3166-2:CK|CK]] |
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| {{ |
| {{flag|Niue}} || Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1974. Niue's status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.<ref name="justice.govt.nz"/> Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of Niue. These responsibilities confer no rights of control and are exercised only at the request of the Government of Niue. The government of New Zealand does not consider it appropriate for the Niue to have a separate seat at the United Nations, due to its continued use of the right of Niueans to have [[New Zealand nationality law|New Zealand citizenship]].<ref name="Cook Islands UN"/> || [[ISO 3166-2:NU|NU]] |
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! Dependent territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flag|Tokelau}} || Territory of New Zealand |
| {{flag|Tokelau}} || Territory of New Zealand. A UN-sponsored referendum on self-governance in [[2006 Tokelauan self-determination referendum|February 2006]] did not produce the two-thirds [[supermajority]] necessary for changing the current political status. Another one was in [[2007 Tokelauan self-determination referendum|October 2007]], which failed to reach the two-thirds margin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Connell |first1=John |editor1-last=Baldacchino |editor1-first=Godfrey |editor2-last=Milne |editor2-first=David |title=The case for non-sovereignty : lessons from sub-national island jurisdictions |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415455503 |pages=157–168 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21071 |chapter=‘We are not ready’ : colonialism or autonomy in Tokelau}}</ref> Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:TK|TK]] |
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! Dependent territory<br />(uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagicon|NZL}} ''[[Ross Dependency]]'' || No permanent population. New Zealand's [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] claim. || no separate code |
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| ''{{flag|Ross Dependency}}'' || This is New Zealand's [[territorial claims in Antarctica|Antarctic claim]]. Unlike Tokelau and the associated states (Cook Islands and Niue), the Ross Dependency is, according to the New Zealand government, constitutionally part of New Zealand.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100522033422/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/1-New-Zealand-and-Antarctica/index.php New Zealand and Antarctica]. NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2010</ref> || |
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===Norway=== |
===Norway=== |
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{{ |
{{Main|Dependencies of Norway}} |
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[[Norway]] has one dependent territory and two Antarctic claims. Norway also possesses the inhabited islands of [[Svalbard]] where Norwegian sovereignty is limited ([[#Norway 2|see below]]). |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! Dependent territory<br />(uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flag|Bouvet Island}} || Dependency administered from [[Oslo]] by the Polar Affairs Department of the [[Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police|Ministry of Justice and the Police]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:BV|BV]] |
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! Dependency !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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! Dependent territory<br />(uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{BVT}} || No permanent population. Dependency administered from [[Oslo]] by the Polar Affairs Department of the [[Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police|Ministry of Justice and the Police]]. || BV BVT 074 |
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| ''{{ |
| ''{{flag|Peter I Island}}'' || rowspan=2 | Dependencies (subject to the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]) administered from [[Oslo]] by the Polar Affairs Department of the [[Minister of Justice and the Police (Norway)|Ministry of Justice and the Police]]. || rowspan="2" | |
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| ''{{ |
| ''{{flag|Queen Maud Land}}'' |
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===United Kingdom=== |
===United Kingdom=== |
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{{Main|British Overseas Territories|Crown Dependencies}} |
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The [[United Kingdom]] has three "[[Crown Dependencies]]", thirteen "Overseas Territories" (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), and one Antarctic claim. |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! Crown Dependency !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}} || rowspan="3"| Responsibility for defence, international representation, and [[good government]] rests with the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guernsey at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guernsey/|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jersey at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jersey/|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Isle of Man at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man/|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> |
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| {{flagcountry|Anguilla}} || rowspan="8"| British overseas territories. || AI AIA 660 |
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|| [[ISO 3166-2:GG|GG]] |
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| {{flag|Isle of Man}} || [[ISO 3166-2:IM|IM]] |
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| {{ |
| {{flag|Jersey}} || [[ISO 3166-2:JE|JE]] |
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! Overseas Territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagcountry|Montserrat}} || MS MSR 500 |
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| {{flag|Anguilla}} || [[Anguilla House of Assembly|House of Assembly of Anguilla]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:AI|AI]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Pitcairn Islands}} || PN PCN 612 |
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| {{flag|Bermuda}} || [[Parliament of Bermuda]] handles domestic affairs and the territory is defined by the U.K. as self-governing. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:BM|BM]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Turks and Caicos Islands}} || TC TCA 796 |
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| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} || [[House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]] || [[ISO 3166-2:VG|VG]] |
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| {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} || SH SHN 654 |
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| {{flag|Cayman Islands}} || [[Parliament of the Cayman Islands]] handles domestic affairs. Almost complete internal self-government. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:KY|KY]] |
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| {{flagcountry|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} || GS SGS 239 |
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| {{flag|Falkland Islands}} || [[Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:FK|FK]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Bermuda}} || British overseas territory or self-governing territory as defined by the UK. || BM BMU 060 |
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| {{flag|Gibraltar}} || [[Gibraltar Parliament]] handles domestic affairs. Almost complete internal self-government. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:GI|GI]] |
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| ''{{flagcountry|British Antarctic Territory}}'' || No permanent population. The UK's [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] claim. || no separate code |
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| {{flag|Montserrat}} || [[Legislative Council of Montserrat]] handles domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:MS|MS]] |
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| {{flagcountry|British Indian Ocean Territory}} || Inhabitants expelled.<ref name="whitehouse.gov">{{cite web|url=https://wwws.whitehouse.gov/petitions#!/petition/us-government-must-redress-wrongs-against-chagossians/gPRF7hmz|title=The U.S. Government Must Redress Wrongs Against the Chagossians|publisher=[[Whitehouse.gov]]|accessdate=4 April 2012}}</ref> British overseas territory administered by a commissioner resident in the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], London. || IO IOT 086 |
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| {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} || [[Island Council (Pitcairn)|Island Council of the Pitcairn Islands]] handles some domestic affairs, however decisions are subject to approval by the [[Governor of the Pitcairn Islands]], reporting to the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:PN|PN]] |
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| {{flagcountry|British Virgin Islands}} || British overseas territory with internal self-government. || VG VGB 092 |
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| {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} || [[Legislative Council of Saint Helena]], [[Ascension Island Council]] and [[Tristan da Cunha Island Council]] handle domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:SH|SH]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Falkland Islands}} || British overseas territory. Falkland Islands also administers [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] through the Governor of the Falkland Islands as representative of the [[British monarchy|British monarch]]. || FK FLK 238 |
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| {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} || [[Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly|House of Assembly of the Turks and Caicos Islands]] handles some domestic affairs. Appears on the [[United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:TC|TC]] |
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! Sovereign Base Areas !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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! Overseas Territory<br />(Sovereign Base Areas) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] || British overseas territory administered by the Commander of British Forces, Cyprus. Note: [http://www.sba.mod.uk/web_pages/appdx-o.htm SBAs are primarily required as military bases and not ordinary dependent territories]. || no separate code |
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| {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} || Two sovereign base areas administered as a single British overseas territory by the Commander of [[British Forces Cyprus]], reporting to the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]. Permanent Cypriot population, as well as British military personnel and their families. || |
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! [[Crown dependency|Crown dependencies]] !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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! Overseas Territory<br />(uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagcountry|Guernsey}} || rowspan="3"| Responsibility for defence, international representation, and [[good government]] rests with the United Kingdom. Though, the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] can legislate on their behalf, if it deem necessary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guernsey at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gk.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jersey at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/je.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Isle of Man at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/im.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> |
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|| GG GGY 831 |
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| {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} || Administered by the [[Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory]], reporting to the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]. The [[Chagossians|Indigenous Chagossian population]] was removed between 1967 and 1973. Presently the territory is restricted to military personnel, principally at the joint U.K.-U.S. naval base on the atoll of [[Diego Garcia]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:IO|IO]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Jersey}} || JE JEY 832 |
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| {{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} || Administered by the [[Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] (who is also the [[Governor of the Falkland Islands]]), reporting to the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:GS|GS]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Isle of Man}} || IM IMN 833 |
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! Overseas Territory<br />(uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| ''{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}'' || Administered by the [[Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory]], reporting to the [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]. The UK's [[territorial claims in Antarctica|Antarctic claim]]. || |
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==={{Anchor|United States}} United States=== |
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{{ |
{{Main|Territories of the United States}} |
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{{Further|Insular area|United States Minor Outlying Islands}} |
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The [[United States]] has 13 "[[Territories of the United States#Incorporated versus unincorporated territories|unincorporated]]" dependent territories under its administration and two claimed territories outside its control.<ref name="GAO">{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas Application of the U.S. Constitution |publisher=United States General Accounting Office |date=November 1997 |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229153648/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The uninhabited [[Palmyra Atoll]] is administered similarly to some of these territories, and is usually included on lists of U.S. overseas territories, but it is excluded from this list because it is classified in U.S. law as an incorporated territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes |title=Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations |date=12 June 2015 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> The [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]] does not apply in full to the insular areas.<ref name="GAO hrd 91-18">{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/hrd-91-18.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. Constitution |publisher=United States General Accounting Office |location=Washington, D.C. 20648 |page=4|date=June 20, 1991 |access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! Unincorporated organized territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flag|Guam}} || [[Territories of the United States#Incorporated versus unincorporated territories|Unincorporated]] [[Territories of the United States#Organized vs. unorganized territories|organized territory]] of the U.S.; policy relations conducted through the [[Office of Insular Affairs]] of the [[United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]]. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories || [[ISO 3166-2:GU|GU]] ''or'' |
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! Inhabited territories !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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[[ISO 3166-2:US|US-GU]] |
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| {{ |
| {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] status; federal funding administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior || [[ISO 3166-2:MP|MP]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:US|US-MP]] |
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|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Puerto Rico}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with Commonwealth status; policy relations conducted through the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] || [[ISO 3166-2:PR|PR]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:US|US-PR]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. Policy relations conducted by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories || [[ISO 3166-2:VI|VI]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:US|US-VI]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
! Unincorporated unorganized territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagcountry|Puerto Rico}} || Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with [[Commonwealth (United States insular area)|commonwealth]] status; policy relations between Puerto Rico and the U.S. conducted under the jurisdiction of the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Office of the President]]. || PR PRI 630 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|American Samoa}} || Unincorporated unorganized territory administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories || [[ISO 3166-2:AS|AS]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:US|US-AS]] |
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|- | |
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! Unincorporated unorganized territory<br />(uninhabited){{refn|group=note|[[Midway Atoll]] and [[Wake Island]] have a few people, but these territories are not permanently inhabited.}} !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{flag|Baker Island}} || rowspan="6" | Unincorporated unorganized territories of the U.S. administered by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Fish and Wildlife Service]] of the Department of the Interior || [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-81]] |
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! Uninhabited territories !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{flag|Howland Island}} |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Baker Island]] || rowspan="6"| Unorganized and unincorporated territory administered from [[Washington, D.C.]] by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Fish and Wildlife Service]] of the [[United States Department of the Interior]]. || rowspan="8"| UM UMI 581 |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-84]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Jarvis Island}} |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Howland Island]] |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-86]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Johnston Atoll}} |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jarvis Island]] |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-67]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Kingman Reef}} |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Johnston Atoll]] |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-89]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Midway Atoll}} |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Kingman Reef]] |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-71]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Navassa Island}} || Unincorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior from the [[Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge]] in [[Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico|Cabo Rojo]], [[Puerto Rico]] |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Midway Atoll|Midway Island]] |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-76]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Wake Island|local}} || Unincorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. administered by the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] under an agreement with the Department of the Interior |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Navassa Island]] |
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| [[ISO 3166-2:UM|UM-79]] |
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| Unincorporated territory of the U.S. administered by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Fish and Wildlife Service]] of the U.S. Department of the Interior from the Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge in [[Boquerón, Puerto Rico]]. Claimed by [[Haiti]] and privately via the [[Guano Islands Act]]. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! Unincorporated unorganized territory<br />(uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Wake Island]] || Supervised by the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]], administered from Washington, D.C. by the U.S. Department of the Interior, and is claimed by the [[Marshall Islands]]. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''{{noflag|[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]}}'' |
|||
| {{flagicon|USA}} ''[[Bajo Nuevo Bank]]'' || Unincorporated territory of the U.S. administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Currently controlled by [[Colombia]], and also claimed by [[Jamaica]] and [[Nicaragua]]. || no separate code |
|||
| Administered by [[Colombia]]. Claimed by the U.S. (under the ''Guano Islands Act'') and [[Jamaica]]. A claim by [[Nicaragua]] was resolved in 2012 in favor of Colombia by the [[International Court of Justice]] (the U.S. is not a party nor recognises the court's jurisdiction). |
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| rowspan="2" | |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''{{noflag|[[Serranilla Bank]]}}'' |
|||
| {{flagicon|USA}} ''[[Serranilla Bank]]'' || Unincorporated territory of the U.S. administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Currently controlled by [[Colombia]], and also claimed by [[Honduras]] and [[Nicaragua]]. || no separate code |
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| Administered by Colombia. Site of a naval garrison. Claimed by the U.S. (since 1879 under the ''Guano Islands Act''), [[Honduras]], and Jamaica. A claim by Nicaragua was resolved in 2012 in favor of Colombia by the International Court of Justice (the U.S. is not a party nor recognises the court's jurisdiction). |
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|} |
|} |
||
== |
==Lists of similar entities== |
||
The following entities are, according to the law of their state, integral parts of the state but exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories. This list is generally limited to entities that are either subject to an international treaty on their status, uninhabited, or have a unique level of autonomy and are largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. It generally does not include entities with no unique autonomy, such as the [[overseas departments and regions of France|five overseas departments and regions]] ([[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]) of [[France]]; the [[Caribbean Netherlands|BES islands]] ([[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]], and [[Saba (island)|Saba]]) of the [[Netherlands]]; [[Jan Mayen]] of [[Norway]]; and [[Palmyra Atoll]] of the [[United States]]. Entities with only limited unique autonomy, such as [[Barbuda]] of [[Antigua and Barbuda]]; [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] of [[Malaysia]]; the [[Autonomous Regions of Portugal|two autonomous regions]] (the [[Azores]] and [[Madeira]]) of [[Portugal]]; [[Nevis]] of [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]; the [[Canary Islands]] and the [[Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities|two autonomous cities]] ([[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]]) of [[Spain]]; and [[Zanzibar]] of [[Tanzania]] are also not included. All claims in Antarctica are listed in ''italics''. |
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The following entities have been legally included as a full part of their governing country, but are often described as dependencies. Most inhabited territories have their own country codes. |
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===Australia=== |
===Australia=== |
||
{{ |
{{Main|States and territories of Australia#External territories {{!}}States and territories of Australia § External territories}} |
||
Although all territories of [[Australia]] are considered to be fully integrated in its [[Federation|federative system]], and the official status of an external territory does not differ largely from that of a mainland territory (except in regards to immigration law), debate remains as to whether the external territories are integral parts of Australia, due to their not being part of Australia in 1901, when its constituent states [[Federated state|federated]].<ref>{{Cite book |
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[[Australia]] has six external territories in its administration and one Antarctic claim. |
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Although all territories of Australia are considered to be fully integrated in its [[federation|federal system]], and the official status of an external territory does not differ largely from that of a mainland territory (except in regards to immigration law), debate remains as to whether the external territories are integral parts of Australia, due to their not being part of Australia in 1901, when its constituent states federated (with the exception of the [[Coral Sea Islands]], which was a part of [[Queensland]]).<ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Carney |
| last = Carney |
||
| first = Gerard |
| first = Gerard |
||
Line 149: | Line 206: | ||
| year = 2006 |
| year = 2006 |
||
| location = Canberra |
| location = Canberra |
||
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6Pd8F1mFp1oC |
|||
| pages = |
|||
| isbn = 978-0-521-86305-6 }}</ref> Norfolk Island was self-governing from 1979 to 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/the-end-of-self-government-on-norfolk-island/7530806 |title=The end of Norfolk Island's self-government |work=ABC |last=Phillips |first=Keri |date=23 June 2016 |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> The external territories are often grouped separately from Australia proper for statistical purposes.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} |
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| url = http://books.google.com.au/books?id=6Pd8F1mFp1oC| isbn = 978-0-521-86305-6}}</ref> They are often listed separately for statistical purposes. |
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{| class="wikitable |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|- |
|||
! External territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Christmas Island}} || rowspan=3 | Administered from [[Canberra]] by the [[Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts]]<ref name="DITRDC">{{cite web |title=Territories of Australia |url = https://www.regional.gov.au/territories/ |publisher=The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications |date=2020-02-28 |access-date=2020-04-25 |quote=The Australian Government, through the department, administers the Indian Ocean Territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island, the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands. The department also manages the Government's interests in the Australian Capital Territory, and the Northern Territory.}}</ref> || [[ISO 3166-2:CX|CX]] |
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! Inhabited territories !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} || [[ISO 3166-2:CC|CC]] |
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| {{flag|Christmas Island}} || rowspan=2 | Administered from [[Government of Australia|Canberra]] by the [[Attorney-General's Department (Australia)|Attorney-General's Department]].<ref name="AussieAG">{{cite web |author= First Assistant Secretary, Territories Division |title=Territories of Australia |url=http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/territories/index.aspx|publisher=Attorney-General's Department |date=2008-01-30 |accessdate=2008-02-07 |quote=The Federal Government, through the Attorney-General's Department administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Jervis Bay, and Norfolk Island as Territories. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| author = Territories and Information Law Division |
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| coauthors = First Assistant Secretary, Territories and Information Law Division |
|||
| title = Cocos Islands Governance and Administration |
|||
| work = Territories of Australia |
|||
| publisher = Australian Government, Attorney-General's Department |
|||
| date = 7 September 2009 |
|||
| url =http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/TerritoriesofAustralia_Cocos(Keeling)Islands_CocosIslandsGovernanceandAdministration |
|||
| accessdate = 2010-09-23}}</ref> || CX CXR 162 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag| |
| {{flag|Norfolk Island}} || [[ISO 3166-2:NF|NF]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! External territory<br />(uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
|||
| {{flag|Norfolk Island}} || Commonwealth responsibilities administered from Canberra through the Attorney-General's Department.<ref name="AussieAG"/> || NF NFK 574 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}} || rowspan=2 | Administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts<ref name="DITRDC" /> || rowspan="2" | No unique ISO 3166 country codes |
|||
! Uninhabited territories !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Coral Sea Islands}}{{NoteTag|[[Willis Island]] is permanently staffed and occupied by a small team of meteorologists.}} |
|||
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ashmore and Cartier Islands]] || rowspan=2 | Administered from [[Government of Australia|Canberra]] by the [[Attorney-General's Department (Australia)|Attorney-General's Department]].<ref name="AussieAG"/> || no separate code |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Heard Island and McDonald Islands|Heard Island <br/>and McDonald Islands}} || Administered from Canberra by the [[Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment]]<ref name="DITRDC" /> || [[ISO 3166-2:HM|HM]] |
|||
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Coral Sea Islands]] <ref>[[Willis Island]] is permanently manned by a small team of meteorologists.</ref> || no separate code |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! External territory<br />(uninhabited, claimed) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
|||
| {{flagicon|AUS}} ''[[Australian Antarctic Territory]]'' || rowspan=2 | Administered from Canberra by the [[Australian Antarctic Division]] of the [[Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities|Department of the Environment and Heritage]]. || no separate code |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| ''{{flag|Australian Antarctic Territory}}'' || Administered from Canberra by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment<ref name="DITRDC" /> || |
|||
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands|Heard Island <br> and McDonald Islands]] || HM HMD 334 |
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|} |
|} |
||
===China=== |
===China=== |
||
{{ |
{{Main|Special administrative regions of China}} |
||
The [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) has two special administrative regions (SARs) that are governed according to the [[Constitution of the People's Republic of China|constitution]] and respective basic laws. The SARs greatly differ from [[Mainland China]] in administrative, economic, legislative, and judicial terms including by currency, [[left- and right-hand traffic|left-hand versus right-hand traffic]], official languages, and immigration control. Although the PRC does claim sovereignty over [[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan]] (governed by the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]]), it is not listed here as the PRC government does not have ''de facto'' control of the territory. |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Special administrative region !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Hong Kong}}|| Former [[British Hong Kong|British colony]]. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 1997 according to the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]], an international [[treaty]] registered with the [[United Nations]]. The ''[[Hong Kong Basic Law]]'' purports to provide for the territory to enjoy a "high degree" of autonomy per the "[[one country, two systems]]" model under the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|central government of China]]. Although the territory is not part of mainland China, it is officially considered an integral part of the People's Republic of China.<ref>[http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-01/17/content_498423.htm 广电总局批准31个境外频道在涉外宾馆等申请接收]. Gov.cn (2006-12-30). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref><ref>[http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20110428_402722232.htm 2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报(第1号)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618152810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20110428_402722232.htm |date=2012-06-18 }}. Stats.gov.cn. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref><ref>[http://big5.huaxia.com/sw/cjzx/jjdt/00265648.html 項懷誠:香港是社保基金境外投資的首選地之一] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617170730/http://big5.huaxia.com/sw/cjzx/jjdt/00265648.html |date=2013-06-17 }}. Big5.huaxia.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref>|| [[ISO 3166-2:HK|HK]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-HK]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Macao}}|| Former [[Portuguese Macau|Portuguese colony]]. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 1999 according to the [[Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration]], an international treaty registered with the United Nations. The ''[[Macao Basic Law]]'' provides for the territory to enjoy a high degree of autonomy per the "one country, two systems" model under the central government of China. Although the territory is not part of mainland China, it is officially considered an integral part of the People's Republic of China.|| [[ISO 3166-2:MO|MO]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-MO]] |
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|} |
|} |
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===Denmark=== |
===Denmark=== |
||
{{Main|Danish Realm}} |
|||
{{See also|Rigsfællesskabet}} |
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The [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] contains two autonomous territories with their own governments and legislatures, and input into foreign affairs.<ref name="Rakitskaya">{{cite journal |last1=Rakitskaya |first1=Inna A. |last2=Molchakov |first2=Nikita Y. |title=Democratization of territorial constitution : current trends and the constitutional experience of Denmark |journal=International Journal of Economics and Business Administration |date=2019 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=166–172 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/45623 |access-date=11 November 2020 |publisher=Eleftherios Thalassinos |issn=2241-4754}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Autonomous territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}}|| Autonomous since 1948.<ref name="Rakitskaya"/> A constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but not of the [[European Union]]. Although it is not part of metropolitan [[Denmark]], it is officially considered an integral part of the [[Kingdom of Denmark]].|| [[ISO 3166-2:FO|FO]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Greenland}}|| Autonomous since 1979.<ref name="Rakitskaya"/> A constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but withdrew from the [[European Economic Community]] in 1985. Although it is not part of metropolitan [[Denmark]], it is officially considered an integral part of the [[Kingdom of Denmark]].|| [[ISO 3166-2:GL|GL]] |
||
|} |
|} |
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===Finland=== |
===Finland=== |
||
{{ |
{{Main|Regions of Finland}} |
||
{{Further|Administrative divisions of Finland|Åland Islands dispute}} |
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{{Seealso||Special territories of members of the European Economic Area#Åland}} |
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[[Finland]] has one [[Regions of Finland#Åland|autonomous region]] that is also subject to international treaties. |
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{| class="wikitable |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Autonomous region !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Åland}}|| Åland is governed according to the ''[[Åland convention|Act on the Autonomy of Åland]]'' and international treaties. These laws guarantee the islands' autonomy in Finland, which has ultimate sovereignty over them, as well as a demilitarised status. || [[ISO 3166-2:AX|AX]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:FI|FI-01]] |
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|} |
|} |
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===France=== |
===France=== |
||
{{ |
{{Main|Overseas France}} |
||
{{Further|Overseas collectivity|Overseas territory (France)}} |
|||
{{Seealso|Overseas country of France}} |
|||
[[France]] has overseas six autonomous collectivities and two uninhabited territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim). This does not include its "standard" [[overseas departments and regions of France|overseas regions]] (which are also overseas [[departments of France|departments]]) of [[French Guiana]], [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], and [[Réunion]]. Although also located overseas, they have the same status as the regions of [[metropolitan France]]. Nonetheless, all of France's overseas territory is considered an integral part of the [[French Fifth Republic|French Republic]]. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Overseas collectivity !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|French Polynesia}} || [[Overseas collectivity]] since 2003; [[overseas country of France|overseas country]] since 2004. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories || [[ISO 3166-2:PF|PF]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-PF]] |
|||
|- valign=top |
|||
| {{flagcountry|New Caledonia}} || "''[[Sui generis]]''" collectivity since 1999. Appears on the [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]]. || NC NCL 540 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || Seceded from [[Guadeloupe]] to become an overseas collectivity in 2007 || [[ISO 3166-2:BL|BL]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-BL]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Saint Martin|local}} || Seceded from Guadeloupe to become an overseas collectivity in 2007. It is the only overseas collectivity that is fully part of the European Union. || [[ISO 3166-2:MF|MF]] ''or'' |
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| {{flagicon|Saint Martin}} [[Saint Martin (France)|Saint Martin]] || MF MAF 663 |
|||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-MF]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} || [[Territorial collectivity]] since 1985. Overseas collectivity since 2003 || [[ISO 3166-2:PM|PM]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-PM]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}} || Overseas territory since 1961. Overseas collectivity since 2003 || [[ISO 3166-2:WF|WF]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-WF]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! ''Sui generis'' collectivity !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|New Caledonia|local}} || "''[[Sui generis]]''" collectivity<ref name="Outre-mer">{{cite web|url=http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/?presentation-nouvelle-caledonie.html&artpage=3-3|title=Nouvelle-Calédonie Présentation|website=Outre-Mer.gouv.fr|publisher=[[Minister of the Overseas (France)|Ministre des Outre-mer]]|language=fr|trans-title=New Caledonia Presentation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521094530/http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/?presentation-nouvelle-caledonie.html&artpage=3-3|archive-date=21 May 2013|access-date=24 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> since 1998.<ref name="Dependency Status">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/dependency-status/|title=Field Listing :: Dependency Status|website=[[The World Factbook|CIA.gov/Library/Publications/Resources/The-World-Factbook/]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=7 April 2019|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories || [[ISO 3166-2:NC|NC]] ''or'' |
|||
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Clipperton Island]] || Island administered by the Minister for Overseas Territories. No permanent population. || no separate code |
|||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-NC]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flagicon|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands]] || The French Southern and Antarctic Lands (called TAAF for ''Terres australes et antartiques françaises'') is an Overseas territory since 1955, administered from [[Paris]] by an Administrateur Supérieur. No permanent population. Includes the French territorial claim in Antarctica: ''[[Adelie Land]]''. || TF ATF 260 |
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|} |
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===Malaysia=== |
|||
{{See also|States and federal territories of Malaysia}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Overseas state private property<br />(uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Clipperton Island}} || The island is administered under the direct authority of the French government<ref name="LegiF">{{cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000879815/2020-11-24/|title=Loi n° 55-1052 du 6 août 1955 portant statut des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises et de l'île de Clipperton|website=LegiFrance.gouv.fr|publisher=[[Légifrance]]|language=fr|trans-title=Law n° 55-1052 of 6 August 1955 relating to the statute of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and of the island of Clipperton|date=6 August 1955|access-date=24 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> by the French [[Minister of the Overseas]]. || [[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-CP]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Labuan}} || rowspan="3" | Collectively subject to the [[Manila Accord]] and the [[Malaysia Agreement]] whose [[North Borneo dispute|final status]] has yet to be settled.<ref>[http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20608/volume-608-I-8809-English.pdf United Nations Treaty Series No. 8809, Agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord]</ref><ref name="Malaysia Act 1963">''See'': The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/all?title=malaysia%20act Malaysia Act 1963]</ref><ref name="Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957">''See'': The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom [http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Primary&PageNumber=72&NavFrom=2&parentActiveTextDocId=1118475&ActiveTextDocId=1118475&filesize=15776 Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957 (c. 60)]</ref><ref>''See'': the [http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20563/volume-563-I-8206-English.pdf Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965] and the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1966/29/contents Singapore Act 1966].</ref><ref>[http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/11/15/malaysia-agreement-back-in-the-spotlight/ Malaysia Agreement back in the spotlight]</ref><ref>[http://www.nst.com.my/latest/dewan-rakyat-rejects-motion-to-discuss-malaysia-agreement-1963-1.399754 Dewan Rakyat rejects motion to discuss Malaysia Agreement 1963]</ref><ref>[http://borneoinsider.com/2013/10/24/parliament-wrong-to-reject-review-of-sabah-sarawak-in-malaysia/ Parliament wrong to reject review of Sabah, Sarawak in Malaysia]</ref> || rowspan="3"| no separate code |
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|- |
|- |
||
! Overseas territory<br />(uninhabited) !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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| {{flagcountry|Sabah}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} || TAAF (''[[French Southern and Antarctic Lands|Terres australes et antartiques françaises]]'') is an [[overseas territory (France)|overseas territory]] since 1955, administered from [[Paris]] by an ''Administrateur Supérieur''. The territory includes the Antarctic claim of ''[[Adélie Land]]''.<ref name="FactbookFS">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-southern-and-antarctic-lands/|title=Antarctica :: French Southern and Antarctic Lands|website=[[The World Factbook|CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]|date=20 May 2020|access-date=3 June 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> || [[ISO 3166-2:TF|TF]] ''or'' |
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| {{flagcountry|Sarawak}} |
|||
[[ISO 3166-2:FR|FR-TF]]{{refn|group=note|The Antarctic claim of ''[[Adélie Land]]'' (a district of the [[French Southern and Antarctic Lands|TAAF]])<ref name="FactbookFS"/> is not included within the ISO 3166 designation. The ISO designates the remainder of the TAAF the "French Southern Territories".<ref name="ISOTF">{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TF|title=French Southern Territories|website=[[iso.org|ISO.org]]|publisher=[[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]|date=26 November 2018|access-date=3 June 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} |
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|} |
|} |
||
===Netherlands=== |
===Netherlands=== |
||
{{ |
{{Main|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} |
||
{{Further|Dutch Caribbean}} |
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The Kingdom of the Netherlands comprises three autonomous "constituent countries" in the Caribbean (listed below) and one constituent country, the [[Netherlands]], with most of its area in Europe but also encompassing three [[Caribbean Netherlands|overseas Caribbean municipalities]]—[[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]], and [[Saba (island)|Saba]] (these three [[special municipality (Netherlands)|Caribbean municipalities]] are excluded here because they are directly administered by the [[Netherlands#Government and politics|Government of the Netherlands]]<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/inr/rls/10543.htm Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty], U.S. Department of State. "Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius now fall under the direct administration of the Netherlands". Retrieved 17 June 2016.</ref>). All citizens of the Dutch Kingdom share the same nationality and are thus [[European Union citizenship|citizens of the European Union]], but only the European portion of the Kingdom is a part of the territory of the Union, the [[European Union Customs Union|Customs Union]], and the [[Eurozone]] while other areas have [[special territories of members of the European Economic Area|overseas countries and territory]] status. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Constituent country !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|{{flag|Aruba}}|| Defined as a "country" ("''land''") within the Kingdom by the [[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands|Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands]], Aruba obtained full autonomy in internal affairs upon separation from the [[Netherlands Antilles]] in 1986. Part of the Kingdom but not in Europe, its [[Dutch nationality law|citizenship]] nonetheless includes status as citizens of the European Union (the Kingdom government coincides almost exactly with the [[Politics of the Netherlands|Government of the Netherlands]], and is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and nationality law).|| [[ISO 3166-2:AW|AW]] ''or'' |
||
[[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-AW]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|{{flag|Curaçao}} |
||
| rowspan="2" |Defined as a "country" ("''land''") within the Kingdom by the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten were part of the Netherlands Antilles until it was dissolved in October 2010. Part of the Kingdom but not in Europe, their citizenship nonetheless includes status as citizens of the European Union (the Kingdom government coincides almost exactly with the Government of the Netherlands, and is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and nationality law).|| [[ISO 3166-2:CW|CW]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-CW]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|{{flag|Sint Maarten}}|| [[ISO 3166-2:SX|SX]] ''or'' |
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[[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-SX]] |
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|- |
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| {{flagcountry|Bonaire}} || rowspan="3" | Following the [[Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles|dissolution]] of the [[Netherlands Antilles]] in October 2010, [[Bonaire]], [[Saba]] and [[Sint Eustatius]] became formally integrated with the [[Netherlands]] as ''[[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]]'', although a different system of law exists. The territories are not part of the [[European Union]], but owing to their [[Dutch nationality]], its citizens are [[Citizens of the European Union]].|| rowspan="3" | BQ BES 535 |
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|- |
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| {{flagcountry|Saba}} |
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|- |
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| {{flagcountry|Sint Eustatius}} |
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|} |
|} |
||
===Norway=== |
===Norway=== |
||
{{ |
{{Main|List of possessions of Norway}} |
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{{Further|Svalbard and Jan Mayen}} |
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[[Norway]] has, in the Arctic, one inhabited archipelago with restrictions placed on Norwegian sovereignty — [[Svalbard]].<ref name="SpitsTreaty">{{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Spitsbergen_Treaty#Article_3.|title=Spitsbergen Treaty|publisher=[[Wikisource]]|date=9 February 1920|access-date=16 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="GovSval">{{cite web|url=http://www.sysselmannen.no/hovedEnkel.aspx?m=45301|title=The Svalbard Treaty|publisher=[[Governor of Svalbard]]|date=9 April 2008|access-date=24 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723003932/http://www.sysselmannen.no/hovedEnkel.aspx?m=45301|archive-date=23 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Unlike the country's dependent territory ([[Bouvet Island]]) and Antarctic claims ([[#Norway|see above]]), Svalbard is a part of the Kingdom of Norway.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Skagestad |first1=Odd Gunnar |editor1-last=Skreslet |editor1-first=Stig |title=Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus |date=2004 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-1-4020-2955-4 |page=272 |url=http://www.ogskagestad.info/attachments/File/JanMayenSciFocus04.pdf |access-date=15 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210815/http://www.ogskagestad.info/attachments/File/JanMayenSciFocus04.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2014 |chapter=The Scope for Norwegian Commitments Related to International Research on Jan Mayen Island}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
|- |
||
! |
! Territory !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{flag|Svalbard}}|| This Arctic archipelago is the northernmost permanent civilian settlement in the world. Not incorporated into any county, it is administered by a [[Governor of Svalbard|governor]] appointed by the Norwegian government. Since 2002, its main settlement of [[Longyearbyen]] has [[Longyearbyen Community Council|elected a local government]]. Other settlements include the Russian mining community of [[Barentsburg]], the research station of [[Ny-Ålesund]], and the mining outpost of [[Sveagruva]]. The [[Svalbard Treaty]] of 1920 recognises Norwegian sovereignty (administered since 1925 as a sovereign part of the Kingdom of Norway) but established Svalbard as a [[free economic zone]]<ref name="SpitsTreaty"/> and a [[demilitarized zone|demilitarised zone]]. ||| [[ISO 3166-2:SJ|SJ]] ''or''<br>[[ISO 3166-2:NO|NO-21]] |
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| {{flagcountry|Svalbard}} || Svalbard is subject to an international treaty with some limits to Norwegian sovereignty. || rowspan="2"| SJ SJM 744 |
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|} |
|} |
||
==Description== |
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===United States{{Anchor|United States}}=== |
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[[File:Bora Bora ISS006.jpg|thumb|[[Bora Bora]] Island, [[French Polynesia]]]] |
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{{See also|Incorporated territory#Incorporated unorganized territories}} |
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[[File:DG Ariel Plantation.jpg|thumb|Diego Garcia Island, [[British Indian Ocean Territory]]]] |
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Three [[Crown Dependencies]] are in a form of association with the United Kingdom. They are independently administrated jurisdictions, although the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British Government]] is solely responsible for defence and international representation and has ultimate responsibility for ensuring good government. They do not have diplomatic recognition as independent states, but neither are they integrated into the UK. The [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]] retains the ability to legislate for the crown dependencies even without the agreement of their legislatures. No crown dependency has representation in the UK Parliament. |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" |
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|- |
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! Division !! Administration !! ISO 3166 country code |
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|- |
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| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Palmyra Atoll]] || Unorganized incorporated territory administered from [[Washington, D.C.]] by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Fish and Wildlife Service]] of the [[United States Department of the Interior]]. Part of the [[United States Minor Outlying Islands]], which is otherwise made up of officially unincorporated territories. The 50 states, District of Columbia and Palmyra comprise the incorporated lands of the United States.|| UM UMI 581 |
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|} |
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Although they are [[British Overseas Territories]], [[Bermuda]] and [[Gibraltar]] have similar relationships to the UK as do the Crown Dependencies. While Britain is officially responsible for their defence and international representation, these jurisdictions maintain their own militaries and have been granted limited diplomatic powers, in addition to having internal self-government. |
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== Description == |
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Three [[Crown dependency|Crown dependencies]] are in a form of association with the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. They are independently administrated jurisdictions, although the British Government is solely responsible for defence and international representation, and has ultimate responsibility for ensuring good government. They do not have diplomatic recognition as independent states, but they are not an integrated part of the UK, nor do they form part of the [[European Union]]. The UK Parliament retains the ability to legislate for the Crown dependencies even without the agreement of the insular legislatures. None of the Crown dependencies has representatives in the UK Parliament. [[Bermuda]] and [[Gibraltar]] have similar relationships to the UK as the Crown dependencies. While Britain is officially responsible for defence and international representation, these jurisdictions maintain their own militaries and have been granted limited diplomatic powers, in addition to having internal self-government. Nevertheless, they are [[British overseas territories]]. |
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New Zealand and dependencies share the same [[Governor-General of New Zealand| |
New Zealand and its dependencies share the same [[Governor-General of New Zealand|governor-general]] and constitute one monarchic [[Realm of New Zealand|realm]]. The [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]] are officially termed [[associated state]]s. |
||
[[Puerto Rico]] (since 1952) and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] (since 1986) are non-independent states freely associated with the United States. The mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States was approved in 1976. The covenant was fully implemented on November 3, 1986, under Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizenship]] on legally qualified CNMI residents.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Mariana Islands at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/northern-mariana-islands/|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> Under the [[Constitution of Puerto Rico]], Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of [[autonomous administrative division|administrative autonomy]] similar to that of a citizen of a [[U.S. state]]. Puerto Ricans "were collectively made [[Citizenship of the United States#Birthright citizenship|U.S. citizens]]" in 1917, as a result of the [[Jones–Shafroth Act]].<ref>The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion: 1803–1898. By Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 2005. Page 166, 178. "U.S. citizenship was extended to residents of Puerto Rico under the Jones Act, chap. 190, 39 Stat. 951 (1971) (codified at 48 U.S.C. § 731 (1987)")</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Puerto Rico at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/puerto-rico/|publisher=CIA|access-date=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> The commonly used name in Spanish of the [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of Puerto Rico, ''Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico'', literally "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico", which sounds similar to "free association" particularly when loosely used in Spanish, is sometimes erroneously interpreted to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the United States is based on a [[Compact of Free Association]] and at other times is erroneously held to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. is based on an [[Interstate compact]]. This is a constant source of ambiguity and confusion when trying to define, understand, and explain Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States. For various reasons [[Politics of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico's political status]] differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have the full right to conduct their foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to U.S. congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, "to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States."<ref name="FinalReport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326093201/http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf|url-status=dead|title=December 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status|archivedate=March 26, 2009}}</ref> Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998), the narrow majority voted for "none of the above", which was a formally undefined alternative used by commonwealth supporters to express their desire for an "enhanced commonwealth" option.<ref name="FinalReport"/> |
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[[Puerto Rico]] (since 1952) and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]] (since 1986) are non-independent states freely associated with the [[United States]]. |
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The mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States was approved in 1976. The Covenant was fully implemented November 3, 1986, pursuant to Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred United States citizenship on legally qualified CNMI residents.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Mariana Islands at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cq.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> |
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This kind of relationship can also be found in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is termed a [[federacy]]. The European [[Netherlands|continental part]] is organised like a unitary state. However, the status of its "constituent countries" in the Caribbean ([[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]], and [[Sint Maarten]]) can be considered akin to dependencies<ref name="FactbookNL">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/netherlands/|title=Europe :: Netherlands|website=[[The World Factbook|CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]|date=10 June 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="StaveGov">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/dependencies-and-areas-of-special-sovereignty/|title=Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty|website=[[State.gov]]|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|date=7 March 2017|access-date=13 July 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref> or "associated non-independent states." |
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Under the [[Constitution of Puerto Rico]], Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of [[autonomous entity|administrative autonomy]] similar to citizens of a [[U.S. state]]. Puerto Ricans "were collectively made [[U.S. citizenship#Birthright citizenship|U.S. citizens]]" in 1917 as a result of the [[Jones-Shafroth Act]].<ref>The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion: 1803-1898. By Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 2005. Page 166, 178. "U.S. citizenship was extended to residents of Puerto Rico by virtue of the Jones Act, chap. 190, 39 Stat. 951 (1971) (codified at 48 U.S.C. § 731 (1987)")</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Puerto Rico at the CIA's page|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html|publisher=CIA|accessdate=2010-07-15|author=CIA|date=2010-07-15}}</ref> The commonly used name in Spanish of the [[Commonwealth (United States insular area)|Commonwealth]] of [[Puerto Rico]], ''Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico'', literally "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico", which sounds similar to "free association" particularly when loosely used in Spanish, is sometimes erroneously interpreted to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with United States is based on a [[Compact of Free Association]] and at other times erroneously held to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with United States is based on an [[Interstate compact]]. This is a constant source of ambiguity and confusion when trying to define, understand and explain Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States. For various reasons [[Politics of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico's political status]] differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have full right to conduct their own foreign relations, while the [[Commonwealth (United States insular area)|Commonwealth]] of [[Puerto Rico]] has territorial status subject to United States congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, “to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States.”.<ref name="FinalReport">[http://www.prfaa.com/eng/PuertoRicoBookletFinal.pdf December 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status]</ref> Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998) the narrow majority voted for "none of the above", which was a formally undefined alternative used by commonwealth supporters to express their desire for an "enhanced commonwealth" option.<ref name="FinalReport"/> |
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The Kingdom of Denmark also operates similarly, akin to another federacy. The [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]] are two self-governing territories or regions within the Kingdom. The relationship between Denmark proper and these two territories is semi-officially termed the ''[[Danish Realm|Rigsfællesskabet]]'' ("Unity of the Realm"). |
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This kind of relationship also can be found in the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]], which is a [[federacy]]. The [[Netherlands|continental part]] is organized like a unitary state but the status of its territories ([[Aruba]], since 1986, and the [[Netherlands Antilles]], since 1954 until 2010) can be considered dependencies or "associated non-independent states". After the split-up of the Netherlands Antilles, [[Curaçao]] and [[Sint Maarten]] are separate associated states like Aruba. |
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==Overview of inhabited dependent territories== |
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Additionally, [[Denmark]] operates in a similar manner to a federacy. The [[Faroes]] and [[Greenland]] are two self-governing territories, or regions within the Kingdom. The relationship between Denmark proper and the two territories is semi-officially termed the "[[Rigsfællesskabet]]". |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- |
|||
! Name |
|||
! Population <small>(2016)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/country-comparison/|title=Country Comparison :: Population |publisher=CIA|date=July 2016}}</ref> |
|||
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/area/|title=Field Listing :: Area |publisher=CIA}}</ref> |
|||
! Area (mi<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
! width=80| [[United Nations geoscheme|UN region]] |
|||
! width=100| [[List of countries and territories by the United Nations geoscheme|UN subregion]] |
|||
! [[Sovereign state]] |
|||
! Legal status<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/dependency-status/|title=Field Listing :: Dependency Status |publisher=CIA}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} |
|||
| 15,700 |
|||
| 254 |
|||
| 98 |
|||
| [[Asia]] |
|||
| [[West Asia|Western Asia]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| [[British Overseas Territories|Overseas territory]]<br />([[Military base|Sovereign Base Areas]]) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Åland}} |
|||
| 29,013 |
|||
| 1,580 |
|||
| 610 |
|||
| [[Europe]] |
|||
| [[Northern Europe]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Finland}} |
|||
| [[Regions of Finland#Åland|Autonomous region]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|American Samoa}} |
|||
| 54,194 |
|||
| 199 |
|||
| 77 |
|||
| [[Oceania]] |
|||
| [[Polynesia]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United States}} |
|||
| [[Insular area#Unincorporated unorganized territories|Unincorporated unorganized territory]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Anguilla}} |
|||
| 15,100 |
|||
| 91 |
|||
| 35 |
|||
| [[Americas]] |
|||
| [[Caribbean]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Aruba}} |
|||
| 113,648 |
|||
| 178.91 |
|||
| 69.08 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} |
|||
| [[Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries|Constituent country]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Bermuda}} |
|||
| 70,537 |
|||
| 53.2 |
|||
| 20.5 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| [[Northern America]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} |
|||
| 34,232 |
|||
| 153 |
|||
| 59 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Cayman Islands}} |
|||
| 57,268 |
|||
| 264 |
|||
| 101.9 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Christmas Island}} |
|||
| 2,205 |
|||
| 135 |
|||
| 52 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| [[Australasia|Australia and New Zealand]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Australia}} |
|||
| [[States and territories of Australia#External territories|External territory]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} |
|||
| 596 |
|||
| 14 |
|||
| 5.4 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Australia and New Zealand |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Australia}} |
|||
| External territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Cook Islands}} |
|||
| 18,100 |
|||
| 240 |
|||
| 93 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Polynesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}} |
|||
| [[Associated state]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Curaçao}} |
|||
| 158,986 |
|||
| 444 |
|||
| 171 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} |
|||
| Constituent country |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Falkland Islands}} |
|||
| 2,931 |
|||
| 12,173 |
|||
| 4,700 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| [[South America]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}} |
|||
| 49,188 |
|||
| 4,167 |
|||
| 540 |
|||
| Europe |
|||
| Northern Europe |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Denmark}} |
|||
| [[Danish Realm#Home rule and self rule|Autonomous territory]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|French Polynesia}} |
|||
| 285,735 |
|||
| 1,399 |
|||
| 1,609 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Polynesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|France}} |
|||
| [[Overseas collectivity]]<br />([[Overseas country of France|Overseas country]]) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Gibraltar}} |
|||
| 29,328 |
|||
| 6.5 |
|||
| 2.5 |
|||
| Europe |
|||
| [[Southern Europe]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Greenland}} |
|||
| 56,483 |
|||
| 2,166,086 |
|||
| 836,330 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Northern America |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Denmark}} |
|||
| Autonomous territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Guam}} |
|||
| 162,742 |
|||
| 544 |
|||
| 210 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| [[Micronesia]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United States}} |
|||
| [[Insular area#Unincorporated organized territories|Unincorporated organized territory]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}} |
|||
| 63,026 |
|||
| 65 |
|||
| 25 |
|||
| Europe |
|||
| Northern Europe |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Hong Kong}} |
|||
| 7,374,000 |
|||
| 2,755 |
|||
| 1,064 |
|||
| Asia |
|||
| [[East Asia|Eastern Asia]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|China}} |
|||
| [[Special administrative regions of China|Special administrative region]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Isle of Man}} |
|||
| 88,195 |
|||
| 572 |
|||
| 221 |
|||
| Europe |
|||
| Northern Europe |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Crown Dependency |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Jersey}} |
|||
| 98,069 |
|||
| 118.2 |
|||
| 45.6 |
|||
| Europe |
|||
| Northern Europe |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Crown Dependency |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Macao}} |
|||
| 650,900 |
|||
| 115.3 |
|||
| 44.5 |
|||
| Asia |
|||
| Eastern Asia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|China}} |
|||
| Special administrative region |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Montserrat}} |
|||
| 5,267 |
|||
| 101 |
|||
| 39 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|New Caledonia|local}} |
|||
| 275,355 |
|||
| 18,576 |
|||
| 7,172 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| [[Melanesia]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|France}} |
|||
| [[Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity|''Sui generis'' collectivity]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Niue}} |
|||
| 1,190 |
|||
| 261.46 |
|||
| 100.95 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Polynesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}} |
|||
| Associated state |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Norfolk Island}} |
|||
| 2,210 |
|||
| 34.6 |
|||
| 13.4 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Australia and New Zealand |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Australia}} |
|||
| External territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |
|||
| 53,467 |
|||
| 464 |
|||
| 179 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Micronesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United States}} |
|||
| Unincorporated organized territory<br />([[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]]) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} |
|||
| 57 |
|||
| 43 |
|||
| 17 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Polynesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Puerto Rico}} |
|||
| 3,411,307 |
|||
| 9,104 |
|||
| 3,515 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United States}} |
|||
| Unincorporated organized territory<br />(Commonwealth) |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Saint Barthélemy|local}} |
|||
| 7,209 |
|||
| 25 |
|||
| 9.7 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|France}} |
|||
| Overseas collectivity |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} |
|||
| 5,633 |
|||
| 394 |
|||
| 152 |
|||
| [[Africa]] |
|||
| [[West Africa|Western Africa]] |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Saint Martin|local}} |
|||
| 31,949 |
|||
| 53.2 |
|||
| 20.5 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|France}} |
|||
| Overseas collectivity |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} |
|||
| 5,595 |
|||
| 242 |
|||
| 93 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Northern America |
|||
| {{flagcountry|France}} |
|||
| Overseas collectivity |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Sint Maarten}} |
|||
| 41,486 |
|||
| 37 |
|||
| 14 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} |
|||
| Constituent country |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Svalbard}} |
|||
| 2,667 |
|||
| 61,022 |
|||
| 23,561 |
|||
| Europe |
|||
| Northern Europe |
|||
| {{flagcountry|Norway}} |
|||
| [[List of possessions of Norway#Current overseas territories|Unincorporated area]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Tokelau}} |
|||
| 1,499 |
|||
| 10 |
|||
| 3.9 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Polynesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|New Zealand}} |
|||
| [[Realm of New Zealand#Tokelau|Dependent territory]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |
|||
| 51,430 |
|||
| 430 |
|||
| 166 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |
|||
| Overseas territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |
|||
| 102,951 |
|||
| 346.36 |
|||
| 133.73 |
|||
| Americas |
|||
| Caribbean |
|||
| {{flagcountry|United States}} |
|||
| Unincorporated organized territory |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{flag|Wallis and Futuna|local}} |
|||
| 15,664 |
|||
| 142 |
|||
| 55 |
|||
| Oceania |
|||
| Polynesia |
|||
| {{flagcountry|France}} |
|||
| Overseas collectivity |
|||
|} |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}} |
|||
* [[Associated state]] |
|||
* [[Colonisation]] |
* [[Colonisation]] |
||
* [[Colony]] |
* [[Colony]] |
||
** [[Self-governing colony]] |
|||
* [[Condominium (international law)|Condominium]] |
|||
* [[Gallery of flags of dependent territories]] |
|||
* [[Federacy]] |
|||
* [[Independence referendum]] |
|||
** [[Independence referendum#Past independence referendums|Past independence referendums]] |
|||
* [[List of administrative divisions by country]] |
|||
* [[List of autonomous areas by country]] |
* [[List of autonomous areas by country]] |
||
* [[List of |
* [[List of countries by United Nations geoscheme]] |
||
* Lists of former colonies, possessions, protectorates, and territories |
|||
** [[:Category:Former colonies]] |
|||
** [[Protectorate]] |
|||
** [[Timeline of national independence]] |
|||
* [[List of leaders of dependent territories]] |
|||
* [[List of sovereign states]] |
* [[List of sovereign states]] |
||
* [[List of |
* [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]] |
||
* [[Suzerainty]] |
* [[Suzerainty]] |
||
* [[Vassal state]] |
|||
* [[Table of administrative divisions by country]] |
|||
{{Div col end}} |
|||
* [[Territorial claims in Antarctica]] |
|||
* [[United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories]] |
|||
== |
==Notes== |
||
{{NoteFoot}} |
|||
{{CIA World Factbook}} |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist|2}} |
|||
===Citations=== |
|||
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
|||
== |
===Sources=== |
||
{{refbegin}} |
|||
* {{CIA World Factbook}} |
|||
{{refend}} |
|||
==Bibliography== |
|||
* George Drower, ''Britain's Dependent Territories'', Dartmouth, 1992 |
* George Drower, ''Britain's Dependent Territories'', Dartmouth, 1992 |
||
* George Drower, ''Overseas Territories Handbook'', TSO, 1998 |
* George Drower, ''Overseas Territories Handbook'', TSO, 1998 |
||
{{Autonomous types of first-tier administration}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
{{Colonialism}} |
|||
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/COLONIES.html WorldStatesmen- includes former dependent states] |
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{{Terms for types of administrative territorial entities}} |
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{{United Nations list of non-self-governing territories}} |
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{{Types of administrative country subdivision}} |
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{{United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dependent Territory}} |
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[[Category:Dependent territories| ]] |
[[Category:Dependent territories| ]] |
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[[Category:Lists of countries]] |
[[Category:Lists of countries]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Territories]] |
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[[Category:Self-governance]] |
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[[Category:Sovereignty]] |
Revision as of 22:14, 5 May 2024
Part of the Politics series |
Basic forms of government |
---|
List of countries by system of government |
![]() |
A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state and remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area. As such, a dependent territory includes a range of non-integrated not fully to non-independent territory types, from associated states to non-self-governing territories (e.g. a colony).
A dependent territory is commonly distinguished from a country subdivision by being considered not to be a constituent part of a sovereign state. An administrative subdivision, instead, is understood to be a division of a state proper. A dependent territory, conversely, often maintains a great degree of autonomy from its controlling state. Historically, most colonies were considered to be dependent territories. Not all autonomous entities, though, are considered to be dependent territories.[1][failed verification] Most inhabited, dependent territories have their own ISO 3166 country codes.
Some political entities inhabit a special position guaranteed by an international treaty or another agreement, thereby creating a certain level of autonomy (e.g. a difference in immigration rules). Those entities are sometimes considered to be, or are at least grouped with, dependent territories,[2] but are officially considered by their governing states to be an integral part of those states.[2] Such an example is Åland, an autonomous region of Finland.
Summary
The lists below include the following:
Dependent territories
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Unnamed_glacial_canyon%2C_northern_Greenland_%286993811096%29.jpg/220px-Unnamed_glacial_canyon%2C_northern_Greenland_%286993811096%29.jpg)
- Two states in free association, one dependent territory, and one Antarctic claim in the listing for New Zealand
- One uninhabited territory and two Antarctic claims in the listing for Norway
- 13 overseas territories (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), three Crown dependencies, and one Antarctic claim in the listing for the United Kingdom
- 13 unincorporated territories (five inhabited and eight uninhabited) and two claimed but uncontrolled territories in the listing for the United States
Similar entities
- Six external territories (three inhabited and three uninhabited) and one Antarctic claim in the listing for Australia
- Two special administrative regions in the listing for China
- Two self-governing territories with autonomy in internal affairs in the listing for Denmark
- One autonomous region governed according to an act and international treaties in the listing for Finland
- Five autonomous overseas collectivities, one sui generis collectivity, and two uninhabited overseas territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim) in the listing for France
- Three constituent countries with autonomy in internal affairs in the listing for the Netherlands
- One internal territory with limited sovereignty in the listing for Norway
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Palm_Beach%2C_Aruba_%284901990402%29.jpg/220px-Palm_Beach%2C_Aruba_%284901990402%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Dependent_territories.svg/600px-Dependent_territories.svg.png)
Lists of dependent territories
This list includes all territories that have not been legally incorporated into their governing state, including several territories that are not on the list of non-self-governing territories of the General Assembly of the United Nations.[3] All claims in Antarctica are listed in italics.
New Zealand
New Zealand has two self-governing associated states, one dependent territory, and a territorial claim in Antarctica.[4][better source needed]
Associated state | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
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Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1965. Cook Islands' status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.[5] Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of the Cook Islands. These responsibilities confer no rights of control and are exercised only at the request of the Cook Islands Government. The government of New Zealand does not consider it appropriate for the Cook Islands to have a separate seat at the United Nations, due to its continued use of the right of Cook Islanders to have New Zealand citizenship.[6] | CK |
![]() |
Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1974. Niue's status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.[5] Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of Niue. These responsibilities confer no rights of control and are exercised only at the request of the Government of Niue. The government of New Zealand does not consider it appropriate for the Niue to have a separate seat at the United Nations, due to its continued use of the right of Niueans to have New Zealand citizenship.[6] | NU |
Dependent territory | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
Territory of New Zealand. A UN-sponsored referendum on self-governance in February 2006 did not produce the two-thirds supermajority necessary for changing the current political status. Another one was in October 2007, which failed to reach the two-thirds margin.[7] Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories. | TK |
Dependent territory (uninhabited, claimed) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
This is New Zealand's Antarctic claim. Unlike Tokelau and the associated states (Cook Islands and Niue), the Ross Dependency is, according to the New Zealand government, constitutionally part of New Zealand.[8] |
Norway
Norway has one dependent territory and two Antarctic claims. Norway also possesses the inhabited islands of Svalbard where Norwegian sovereignty is limited (see below).
Dependent territory (uninhabited) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Dependency administered from Oslo by the Polar Affairs Department of the Ministry of Justice and the Police. | BV |
Dependent territory (uninhabited, claimed) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
Dependencies (subject to the Antarctic Treaty System) administered from Oslo by the Polar Affairs Department of the Ministry of Justice and the Police. | |
![]() |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has three "Crown Dependencies", thirteen "Overseas Territories" (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), and one Antarctic claim.
United States
The United States has 13 "unincorporated" dependent territories under its administration and two claimed territories outside its control.[12] The uninhabited Palmyra Atoll is administered similarly to some of these territories, and is usually included on lists of U.S. overseas territories, but it is excluded from this list because it is classified in U.S. law as an incorporated territory.[13] The U.S. Constitution does not apply in full to the insular areas.[14]
Unincorporated organized territory | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S.; policy relations conducted through the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories | GU or |
![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with Commonwealth status; federal funding administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior | MP or |
![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. with Commonwealth status; policy relations conducted through the Executive Office of the President | PR or |
![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory of the U.S. Policy relations conducted by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories | VI or |
Unincorporated unorganized territory | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
Unincorporated unorganized territory administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the Department of the Interior. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories | AS or |
Unincorporated unorganized territory (uninhabited)[note 3] |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
Unincorporated unorganized territories of the U.S. administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior | UM-81 |
![]() |
UM-84 | |
![]() |
UM-86 | |
![]() |
UM-67 | |
![]() |
UM-89 | |
![]() |
UM-71 | |
![]() |
Unincorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior from the Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico | UM-76 |
![]() |
Unincorporated unorganized territory of the U.S. administered by the U.S. Air Force under an agreement with the Department of the Interior | UM-79 |
Unincorporated unorganized territory (uninhabited, claimed) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
Bajo Nuevo Bank | Administered by Colombia. Claimed by the U.S. (under the Guano Islands Act) and Jamaica. A claim by Nicaragua was resolved in 2012 in favor of Colombia by the International Court of Justice (the U.S. is not a party nor recognises the court's jurisdiction). | |
Serranilla Bank | Administered by Colombia. Site of a naval garrison. Claimed by the U.S. (since 1879 under the Guano Islands Act), Honduras, and Jamaica. A claim by Nicaragua was resolved in 2012 in favor of Colombia by the International Court of Justice (the U.S. is not a party nor recognises the court's jurisdiction). |
Lists of similar entities
The following entities are, according to the law of their state, integral parts of the state but exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories. This list is generally limited to entities that are either subject to an international treaty on their status, uninhabited, or have a unique level of autonomy and are largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. It generally does not include entities with no unique autonomy, such as the five overseas departments and regions (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion) of France; the BES islands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba) of the Netherlands; Jan Mayen of Norway; and Palmyra Atoll of the United States. Entities with only limited unique autonomy, such as Barbuda of Antigua and Barbuda; Sabah and Sarawak of Malaysia; the two autonomous regions (the Azores and Madeira) of Portugal; Nevis of Saint Kitts and Nevis; the Canary Islands and the two autonomous cities (Ceuta and Melilla) of Spain; and Zanzibar of Tanzania are also not included. All claims in Antarctica are listed in italics.
Australia
Australia has six external territories in its administration and one Antarctic claim.
Although all territories of Australia are considered to be fully integrated in its federal system, and the official status of an external territory does not differ largely from that of a mainland territory (except in regards to immigration law), debate remains as to whether the external territories are integral parts of Australia, due to their not being part of Australia in 1901, when its constituent states federated (with the exception of the Coral Sea Islands, which was a part of Queensland).[15] Norfolk Island was self-governing from 1979 to 2016.[16] The external territories are often grouped separately from Australia proper for statistical purposes.[citation needed]
External territory | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts[17] | CX |
![]() |
CC | |
![]() |
NF | |
External territory (uninhabited) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
Administered from Canberra by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts[17] | No unique ISO 3166 country codes |
![]() | ||
![]() |
Administered from Canberra by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment[17] | HM |
External territory (uninhabited, claimed) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
Administered from Canberra by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment[17] |
China
The People's Republic of China (PRC) has two special administrative regions (SARs) that are governed according to the constitution and respective basic laws. The SARs greatly differ from Mainland China in administrative, economic, legislative, and judicial terms including by currency, left-hand versus right-hand traffic, official languages, and immigration control. Although the PRC does claim sovereignty over Taiwan (governed by the Republic of China), it is not listed here as the PRC government does not have de facto control of the territory.
Special administrative region | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
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Former British colony. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 1997 according to the Sino-British Joint Declaration, an international treaty registered with the United Nations. The Hong Kong Basic Law purports to provide for the territory to enjoy a "high degree" of autonomy per the "one country, two systems" model under the central government of China. Although the territory is not part of mainland China, it is officially considered an integral part of the People's Republic of China.[18][19][20] | HK or |
![]() |
Former Portuguese colony. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 1999 according to the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration, an international treaty registered with the United Nations. The Macao Basic Law provides for the territory to enjoy a high degree of autonomy per the "one country, two systems" model under the central government of China. Although the territory is not part of mainland China, it is officially considered an integral part of the People's Republic of China. | MO or |
Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark contains two autonomous territories with their own governments and legislatures, and input into foreign affairs.[21]
Autonomous territory | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Autonomous since 1948.[21] A constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but not of the European Union. Although it is not part of metropolitan Denmark, it is officially considered an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark. | FO |
![]() |
Autonomous since 1979.[21] A constituent part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but withdrew from the European Economic Community in 1985. Although it is not part of metropolitan Denmark, it is officially considered an integral part of the Kingdom of Denmark. | GL |
Finland
Finland has one autonomous region that is also subject to international treaties.
Autonomous region | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
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Åland is governed according to the Act on the Autonomy of Åland and international treaties. These laws guarantee the islands' autonomy in Finland, which has ultimate sovereignty over them, as well as a demilitarised status. | AX or |
France
France has overseas six autonomous collectivities and two uninhabited territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim). This does not include its "standard" overseas regions (which are also overseas departments) of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. Although also located overseas, they have the same status as the regions of metropolitan France. Nonetheless, all of France's overseas territory is considered an integral part of the French Republic.
Overseas collectivity | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
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Overseas collectivity since 2003; overseas country since 2004. Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories | PF or |
![]() |
Seceded from Guadeloupe to become an overseas collectivity in 2007 | BL or |
![]() |
Seceded from Guadeloupe to become an overseas collectivity in 2007. It is the only overseas collectivity that is fully part of the European Union. | MF or |
![]() |
Territorial collectivity since 1985. Overseas collectivity since 2003 | PM or |
![]() |
Overseas territory since 1961. Overseas collectivity since 2003 | WF or |
Sui generis collectivity | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
"Sui generis" collectivity[22] since 1998.[23] Appears on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories | NC or |
Overseas state private property (uninhabited) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
The island is administered under the direct authority of the French government[24] by the French Minister of the Overseas. | FR-CP |
Overseas territory (uninhabited) |
Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
![]() |
TAAF (Terres australes et antartiques françaises) is an overseas territory since 1955, administered from Paris by an Administrateur Supérieur. The territory includes the Antarctic claim of Adélie Land.[25] | TF or |
Netherlands
The Kingdom of the Netherlands comprises three autonomous "constituent countries" in the Caribbean (listed below) and one constituent country, the Netherlands, with most of its area in Europe but also encompassing three overseas Caribbean municipalities—Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba (these three Caribbean municipalities are excluded here because they are directly administered by the Government of the Netherlands[27]). All citizens of the Dutch Kingdom share the same nationality and are thus citizens of the European Union, but only the European portion of the Kingdom is a part of the territory of the Union, the Customs Union, and the Eurozone while other areas have overseas countries and territory status.
Constituent country | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
![]() |
Defined as a "country" ("land") within the Kingdom by the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Aruba obtained full autonomy in internal affairs upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986. Part of the Kingdom but not in Europe, its citizenship nonetheless includes status as citizens of the European Union (the Kingdom government coincides almost exactly with the Government of the Netherlands, and is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and nationality law). | AW or |
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Defined as a "country" ("land") within the Kingdom by the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten were part of the Netherlands Antilles until it was dissolved in October 2010. Part of the Kingdom but not in Europe, their citizenship nonetheless includes status as citizens of the European Union (the Kingdom government coincides almost exactly with the Government of the Netherlands, and is responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and nationality law). | CW or |
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SX or |
Norway
Norway has, in the Arctic, one inhabited archipelago with restrictions placed on Norwegian sovereignty — Svalbard.[28][29] Unlike the country's dependent territory (Bouvet Island) and Antarctic claims (see above), Svalbard is a part of the Kingdom of Norway.[30]
Territory | Administration | ISO 3166 country code |
---|---|---|
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This Arctic archipelago is the northernmost permanent civilian settlement in the world. Not incorporated into any county, it is administered by a governor appointed by the Norwegian government. Since 2002, its main settlement of Longyearbyen has elected a local government. Other settlements include the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the research station of Ny-Ålesund, and the mining outpost of Sveagruva. The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognises Norwegian sovereignty (administered since 1925 as a sovereign part of the Kingdom of Norway) but established Svalbard as a free economic zone[28] and a demilitarised zone. | SJ or NO-21 |
Description
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bora_Bora_ISS006.jpg/220px-Bora_Bora_ISS006.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/DG_Ariel_Plantation.jpg/220px-DG_Ariel_Plantation.jpg)
Three Crown Dependencies are in a form of association with the United Kingdom. They are independently administrated jurisdictions, although the British Government is solely responsible for defence and international representation and has ultimate responsibility for ensuring good government. They do not have diplomatic recognition as independent states, but neither are they integrated into the UK. The UK Parliament retains the ability to legislate for the crown dependencies even without the agreement of their legislatures. No crown dependency has representation in the UK Parliament.
Although they are British Overseas Territories, Bermuda and Gibraltar have similar relationships to the UK as do the Crown Dependencies. While Britain is officially responsible for their defence and international representation, these jurisdictions maintain their own militaries and have been granted limited diplomatic powers, in addition to having internal self-government.
New Zealand and its dependencies share the same governor-general and constitute one monarchic realm. The Cook Islands and Niue are officially termed associated states.
Puerto Rico (since 1952) and the Northern Mariana Islands (since 1986) are non-independent states freely associated with the United States. The mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States was approved in 1976. The covenant was fully implemented on November 3, 1986, under Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred U.S. citizenship on legally qualified CNMI residents.[31] Under the Constitution of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of administrative autonomy similar to that of a citizen of a U.S. state. Puerto Ricans "were collectively made U.S. citizens" in 1917, as a result of the Jones–Shafroth Act.[32][33] The commonly used name in Spanish of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, literally "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico", which sounds similar to "free association" particularly when loosely used in Spanish, is sometimes erroneously interpreted to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the United States is based on a Compact of Free Association and at other times is erroneously held to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. is based on an Interstate compact. This is a constant source of ambiguity and confusion when trying to define, understand, and explain Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States. For various reasons Puerto Rico's political status differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with the United States. As sovereign states, these islands have the full right to conduct their foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to U.S. congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, "to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States."[34] Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at the last referendum (1998), the narrow majority voted for "none of the above", which was a formally undefined alternative used by commonwealth supporters to express their desire for an "enhanced commonwealth" option.[34]
This kind of relationship can also be found in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is termed a federacy. The European continental part is organised like a unitary state. However, the status of its "constituent countries" in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten) can be considered akin to dependencies[35][36] or "associated non-independent states."
The Kingdom of Denmark also operates similarly, akin to another federacy. The Faroe Islands and Greenland are two self-governing territories or regions within the Kingdom. The relationship between Denmark proper and these two territories is semi-officially termed the Rigsfællesskabet ("Unity of the Realm").
Overview of inhabited dependent territories
Name | Population (2016)[37] | Area (km2)[38] | Area (mi2)[38] | UN region | UN subregion | Sovereign state | Legal status[39] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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15,700 | 254 | 98 | Asia | Western Asia | ![]() |
Overseas territory (Sovereign Base Areas) |
![]() |
29,013 | 1,580 | 610 | Europe | Northern Europe | ![]() |
Autonomous region |
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54,194 | 199 | 77 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Unincorporated unorganized territory |
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15,100 | 91 | 35 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
113,648 | 178.91 | 69.08 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Constituent country |
![]() |
70,537 | 53.2 | 20.5 | Americas | Northern America | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
34,232 | 153 | 59 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
57,268 | 264 | 101.9 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
2,205 | 135 | 52 | Oceania | Australia and New Zealand | ![]() |
External territory |
![]() |
596 | 14 | 5.4 | Oceania | Australia and New Zealand | ![]() |
External territory |
![]() |
18,100 | 240 | 93 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Associated state |
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158,986 | 444 | 171 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Constituent country |
![]() |
2,931 | 12,173 | 4,700 | Americas | South America | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
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49,188 | 4,167 | 540 | Europe | Northern Europe | ![]() |
Autonomous territory |
![]() |
285,735 | 1,399 | 1,609 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Overseas collectivity (Overseas country) |
![]() |
29,328 | 6.5 | 2.5 | Europe | Southern Europe | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
56,483 | 2,166,086 | 836,330 | Americas | Northern America | ![]() |
Autonomous territory |
![]() |
162,742 | 544 | 210 | Oceania | Micronesia | ![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory |
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63,026 | 65 | 25 | Europe | Northern Europe | ![]() |
Crown Dependency |
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7,374,000 | 2,755 | 1,064 | Asia | Eastern Asia | ![]() |
Special administrative region |
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88,195 | 572 | 221 | Europe | Northern Europe | ![]() |
Crown Dependency |
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98,069 | 118.2 | 45.6 | Europe | Northern Europe | ![]() |
Crown Dependency |
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650,900 | 115.3 | 44.5 | Asia | Eastern Asia | ![]() |
Special administrative region |
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5,267 | 101 | 39 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
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275,355 | 18,576 | 7,172 | Oceania | Melanesia | ![]() |
Sui generis collectivity |
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1,190 | 261.46 | 100.95 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Associated state |
![]() |
2,210 | 34.6 | 13.4 | Oceania | Australia and New Zealand | ![]() |
External territory |
![]() |
53,467 | 464 | 179 | Oceania | Micronesia | ![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory (Commonwealth) |
![]() |
57 | 43 | 17 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
3,411,307 | 9,104 | 3,515 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory (Commonwealth) |
![]() |
7,209 | 25 | 9.7 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas collectivity |
![]() |
5,633 | 394 | 152 | Africa | Western Africa | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
31,949 | 53.2 | 20.5 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas collectivity |
![]() |
5,595 | 242 | 93 | Americas | Northern America | ![]() |
Overseas collectivity |
![]() |
41,486 | 37 | 14 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Constituent country |
![]() |
2,667 | 61,022 | 23,561 | Europe | Northern Europe | ![]() |
Unincorporated area |
![]() |
1,499 | 10 | 3.9 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Dependent territory |
![]() |
51,430 | 430 | 166 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Overseas territory |
![]() |
102,951 | 346.36 | 133.73 | Americas | Caribbean | ![]() |
Unincorporated organized territory |
![]() |
15,664 | 142 | 55 | Oceania | Polynesia | ![]() |
Overseas collectivity |
See also
- Colonisation
- Colony
- Gallery of flags of dependent territories
- Independence referendum
- List of administrative divisions by country
- List of autonomous areas by country
- List of countries by United Nations geoscheme
- Lists of former colonies, possessions, protectorates, and territories
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of sovereign states
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
- Suzerainty
- Vassal state
Notes
- ^ Each territory in the United States Minor Outlying Islands is labeled UM- followed by the first letter of its name and another unique letter if needed.
- ^ The following territories do not have ISO 3166-1 codes:
1: Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
3: Coral Sea Islands - ^ Midway Atoll and Wake Island have a few people, but these territories are not permanently inhabited.
- ^ Willis Island is permanently staffed and occupied by a small team of meteorologists.
- ^ The Antarctic claim of Adélie Land (a district of the TAAF)[25] is not included within the ISO 3166 designation. The ISO designates the remainder of the TAAF the "French Southern Territories".[26]
References
Citations
- ^ "International Trusteeship System and Trust Territories | The United Nations and Decolonization". United Nations.
- ^ a b "United Nations General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2012.
- ^ "Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories (1945-1999)". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 Jan 2017. Retrieved 20 Jan 2023.
- ^ Salesa, Damon Ieremia (2017). Island time : New Zealand's Pacific futures. Wellington, New Zealand: Bridget Williams Books. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9781988533506.
- ^ a b "Find a publication | New Zealand Ministry of Justice". Archived from the original on 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
- ^ a b Conan, Neal (11 August 2015). "Pacific News Minute: Cook Islands Bid for UN Membership On Hold". Hawai'i Public Radio. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ Connell, John (2009). "'We are not ready' : colonialism or autonomy in Tokelau". In Baldacchino, Godfrey; Milne, David (eds.). The case for non-sovereignty : lessons from sub-national island jurisdictions. Routledge. pp. 157–168. ISBN 9780415455503.
- ^ New Zealand and Antarctica. NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2010
- ^ CIA (2010-07-15). "Guernsey at the CIA's page". CIA. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
- ^ CIA (2010-07-15). "Jersey at the CIA's page". CIA. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
- ^ CIA (2010-07-15). "The Isle of Man at the CIA's page". CIA. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
- ^ "U.S. Insular Areas Application of the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). United States General Accounting Office. November 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations". U.S. Department of the Interior. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
- ^ "U.S. Insular Areas Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Washington, D.C. 20648: United States General Accounting Office. June 20, 1991. p. 4. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Carney, Gerard (2006). The constitutional systems of the Australian states and territories. Canberra: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86305-6.
- ^ Phillips, Keri (23 June 2016). "The end of Norfolk Island's self-government". ABC. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Territories of Australia". The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. 2020-02-28. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
The Australian Government, through the department, administers the Indian Ocean Territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Norfolk Island, the Jervis Bay Territory, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands. The department also manages the Government's interests in the Australian Capital Territory, and the Northern Territory.
- ^ 广电总局批准31个境外频道在涉外宾馆等申请接收. Gov.cn (2006-12-30). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ 2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报(第1号) Archived 2012-06-18 at the Wayback Machine. Stats.gov.cn. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ 項懷誠:香港是社保基金境外投資的首選地之一 Archived 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine. Big5.huaxia.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ a b c Rakitskaya, Inna A.; Molchakov, Nikita Y. (2019). "Democratization of territorial constitution : current trends and the constitutional experience of Denmark". International Journal of Economics and Business Administration. 7 (1). Eleftherios Thalassinos: 166–172. ISSN 2241-4754. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nouvelle-Calédonie Présentation" [New Caledonia Presentation]. Outre-Mer.gouv.fr (in French). Ministre des Outre-mer. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "Field Listing :: Dependency Status". CIA.gov/Library/Publications/Resources/The-World-Factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ "Loi n° 55-1052 du 6 août 1955 portant statut des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises et de l'île de Clipperton" [Law n° 55-1052 of 6 August 1955 relating to the statute of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and of the island of Clipperton]. LegiFrance.gouv.fr (in French). Légifrance. 6 August 1955. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Antarctica :: French Southern and Antarctic Lands". CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook. CIA. 20 May 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ "French Southern Territories". ISO.org. ISO. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty, U.S. Department of State. "Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius now fall under the direct administration of the Netherlands". Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ a b "Spitsbergen Treaty". Wikisource. 9 February 1920. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "The Svalbard Treaty". Governor of Svalbard. 9 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
- ^ Skagestad, Odd Gunnar (2004). "The Scope for Norwegian Commitments Related to International Research on Jan Mayen Island". In Skreslet, Stig (ed.). Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus (PDF). Springer Netherlands. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-4020-2955-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ^ CIA (2010-07-15). "Northern Mariana Islands at the CIA's page". CIA. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
- ^ The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion: 1803–1898. By Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 2005. Page 166, 178. "U.S. citizenship was extended to residents of Puerto Rico under the Jones Act, chap. 190, 39 Stat. 951 (1971) (codified at 48 U.S.C. § 731 (1987)")
- ^ CIA (2010-07-15). "Puerto Rico at the CIA's page". CIA. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
- ^ a b "December 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009.
- ^ "Europe :: Netherlands". CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook. CIA. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ "Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty". State.gov. United States Department of State. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ "Country Comparison :: Population". CIA. July 2016.
- ^ a b "Field Listing :: Area". CIA.
- ^ "Field Listing :: Dependency Status". CIA.
Sources
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
Bibliography
- George Drower, Britain's Dependent Territories, Dartmouth, 1992
- George Drower, Overseas Territories Handbook, TSO, 1998