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===Tom Cruise confessional files=== |
===Tom Cruise confessional files=== |
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According to statements in May 2010 from former high-ranking member of the [[Church of Scientology]] [[Mark Rathbun]] who served as Inspector General of the [[Religious Technology Center]] from 1978 to 2004, Miscavige ordered that [[Tom Cruise]]'s [[Auditing (Scientology)|Auditing sessions]] be secretly videotaped.<ref name="videotaped">{{Cite news| last =Ortega | first =Tony | title = Scientology - Tom Cruise Was Secretly Videotaped So Scientology Leader David Miscavige Could Regale Party Guests? | work =[[The Village Voice]]: Runnin' Scared | publisher = Village Voice Media | date = May 7, 2010 | url = http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/05/tom_cruise_was_1.php | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref><ref name="confessionsmocked">{{Cite news| title =Tom Cruise's confessions mocked at Scientology parties | work = [[MSN (New Zealand)|MSN NZ]]| publisher =MSN New Zealand Ltd | date = May 9, 2010 | url = http://entertainment.msn.co.nz/blog.aspx?blogentryid=644319&showcomments=true | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref><ref name="afgeluisterd">{{Cite news| title = 'Tom Cruise afgeluisterd binnen Scientology Kerk' | work = [[De Telegraaf]] | language =[[Dutch language|Dutch]] | publisher = [[Telegraaf Media Groep]] | date = May 9, 2010 | url = http://www.telegraaf.nl/prive/6689048/___Tom_Cruise_afgeluisterd_binnen_Scientology_Kerk___.html?p=13,2 | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref> Rathbun had himself been the individual responsible for performing auditing counseling with Cruise.<ref name="videotaped |
According to statements in May 2010 from former high-ranking member of the [[Church of Scientology]] [[Mark Rathbun]] who served as Inspector General of the [[Religious Technology Center]] from 1978 to 2004, Miscavige ordered that [[Tom Cruise]]'s [[Auditing (Scientology)|Auditing sessions]] be secretly videotaped.<ref name="videotaped">{{Cite news| last =Ortega | first =Tony | title = Scientology - Tom Cruise Was Secretly Videotaped So Scientology Leader David Miscavige Could Regale Party Guests? | work =[[The Village Voice]]: Runnin' Scared | publisher = Village Voice Media | date = May 7, 2010 | url = http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/archives/2010/05/tom_cruise_was_1.php | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref><ref name="confessionsmocked">{{Cite news| title =Tom Cruise's confessions mocked at Scientology parties | work = [[MSN (New Zealand)|MSN NZ]]| publisher =MSN New Zealand Ltd | date = May 9, 2010 | url = http://entertainment.msn.co.nz/blog.aspx?blogentryid=644319&showcomments=true | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref><ref name="afgeluisterd">{{Cite news| title = 'Tom Cruise afgeluisterd binnen Scientology Kerk' | work = [[De Telegraaf]] | language =[[Dutch language|Dutch]] | publisher = [[Telegraaf Media Groep]] | date = May 9, 2010 | url = http://www.telegraaf.nl/prive/6689048/___Tom_Cruise_afgeluisterd_binnen_Scientology_Kerk___.html?p=13,2 | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref> Rathbun had himself been the individual responsible for performing auditing counseling with Cruise.<ref name="videotaped" /> Rathbun subsequently learned that transcripts of the videotapes of Cruise were brought to meetings where they would be discussed by top management of Scientology.<ref name="confessionsmocked" /><ref name="ridiculedatscientologyparties">{{Cite news| last =ninemsn staff | title = Tom Cruise 'ridiculed at Scientology parties' | work =[[ninemsn]] | publisher =[[PBL Media]] & [[Microsoft]] | page = | date = | url =http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/1050399/tom-cruise-ridiculed-at-scientology-parties | accessdate = 2010-05-10 }}</ref> Rathbun wrote that Miscavige would read out information from the reports about Cruise's auditing sessions. Another former high ranking Scientologist, Amy Scobee, when asked about Tom Cruise's confessional files stated it was Miscavige's habit to discuss celebrity confessionals with anyone who happened to be around including herself.<ref name="popeater">{{Cite news| title = Ex-Scientologist Reveals Details Behind 'Dangerous Cult, Tom Cruise in New Book| work = Popeater| date = May 13, 2010| url = http://www.popeater.com/2010/05/13/amy-scobee-scientology-book-tom-cruise/ | accessdate = 2010-05-13}}</ref> Rathbun ceased the filming of Cruise in 2002, because he felt it was unethical.<ref name="afgeluisterd" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 21:11, 13 October 2010
David Miscavige | |
---|---|
Born | |
Nationality | American |
Employer | Religious Technology Center |
Title | Chairman of the Board |
Spouse | Michelle Miscavige |
Website | http://davidmiscavige.rtc.org |
David Miscavige (born April 30, 1960) is the leader of the Church of Scientology and its many affiliated organizations, having assumed that role shortly after the death of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard in 1986. His formal title is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center (RTC), a corporation that controls the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology. His position is paramount within Scientology but, according to the church, it is not the same position once held by L. Ron Hubbard as the founder and originator of doctrines and policies; Miscavige's mandate is to protect the works of L. Ron Hubbard from distortion or misuse,[2] and to serve as ecclesiastical international head of Scientology.[3][4]
Miscavige was an assistant to Hubbard (a "Commodore's messenger") while a teenager.[2] He rose to a leadership position within the organization by the early 1980s and was named Chairman of the Board of RTC in 1987.[5] Since assuming that role, Miscavige has been faced with press accounts regarding reported illegal and unethical practices. A 1991 Time magazine cover story described Miscavige as "ringleader" of a "hugely profitable global racket that survives by intimidating members and critics in a Mafia-like manner."[3] A 2009 series by the St. Petersburg Times details statements by former Scientology executives and parishioners that Miscavige publicly humiliates and physically abuses his staff members.[6] Miscavige and other church spokespeople have consistently insisted that all such charges are false. He labels the sources quoted in the St. Petersburg Times as "lying" after the persons in question had been removed from the organization for "fundamental crimes against the Scientology religion."[7][8]
Among Scientologists, Miscavige is often referred to by his initials, "DM," or "C.O.B.," for Chairman of the Board.[9] He works and lives at Scientology's Gold Base, which is also the main RTC headquarters, near Hemet, California.[10][11][12]
Early life and family
David Miscavige was born in 1960,[13] in Philadelphia to Ron Miscavige Sr. and his wife Loretta,[14] the youngest of their four children. The Polish-Italian family was Roman Catholic.[14] Miscavige was raised in New Jersey.[4] As a child, Miscavige suffered from asthma and severe allergies which prevented him from participating in many sports. During this time his father, a trumpet player, became interested in Scientology, and he had his son sent to a Scientologist. According to him and his son, the 45-minute Dianetics session cured his ailments. The family was impressed enough by Scientology to move to the world headquarters in Saint Hill Manor, England.[14] By the time Miscavige was 12-years-old, he was assisting others to experience Scientology through conducting Auditing sessions.[4]
Miscavige has a sister, Denise Licciardi, who in 2002 was hired by Bryan Zwan as a top executive for the Clearwater, Florida-based company Digital Lightwave.[15] His older brother is Ronnie Miscavige, who for a time was also in the Sea Organization,[16] but who left the Church of Scientology in 2000.[17] Miscavige is married to fellow Sea Org member, Michelle; the two do not have children.[12]
Scientology
Early activities
Miscavige joined Scientology in 1971. In 1976 he left high school and joined the Sea Organization, an association of Scientologists established in 1968 by Hubbard.[12] In 1977 he worked directly under Hubbard as a cameraman for Scientology training films, in La Quinta, California.[12] Hubbard appointed him to the Commodore's Messenger Organization (CMO), responsible for enforcing Hubbard's policies within the individual Scientology organizations; he became head of the CMO in 1979.[12] Miscavige worked alongside Hubbard as a teenager, and became his closest assistant.[18] By 1980, L. Ron Hubbard was no longer appearing in public functions related to Scientology, and Miscaviage had taken over effective control and management of the organization.[19] In 1981 he was placed in charge of the Watchdog Committee and the All Clear Unit, tasked with handling the various legal claims against Hubbard. He persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign from the Guardian's Office (GO), deposed several GO officers through ethics proceedings, and removed the GO from the church's organization.[20]
After closing the Guardian's Office, Miscavige set up a new organizational structure for Scientology to release Hubbard from personal liability. He set up the Religious Technology Center, tasked with licensing Scientology's intellectual property, and Author Services Inc. to manage the proceeds. The Church of Spiritual Technology was created at the same time with an option to repurchase all of RTC's intellectual property rights.[20] In October 1982 Miscavige required Scientology Missions to enter new trademark usage contracts which established stricter policies on the use of Scientology materials.[9][21] The Chairman of the Board title of the Religious Technology Center has been held by Miscavige, since the founding of the RTC in 1982.[2] A separate movement was set up by David Mayo who started the Advanced Ability Center; this establishment later became the Theta International Movement.[22] In 1982, Miscavige was appointed by Hubbard to handle the Scientology founder's personal wealth through a corporate entity outside of the purview of the Scientology organization.[12]
Rise to leadership
Miscavige's roles within the organization became more influential, and he took on responsibilities of financial and legal matters for Scientology.[4] In 1981 Mary Sue Hubbard, then second only to L. Ron Hubbard himself in Scientology's hierarchy, was appealing her prison sentence for her part in Operation Snow White, and she began to face criticism from within the Scientology organization. The St. Petersburg Times, in the 1998 article "The Man Behind Scientology," states: "During two heated encounters, Miscavige persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign. Together they composed a letter to Scientologists confirming her decision -- all without ever talking to L. Ron Hubbard." According to Miscavige, he and Mary Sue Hubbard remained friends thereafter.[14][23]
In a 1982 probate case, Ronald DeWolf, Hubbard's estranged son, accused Miscavige of embezzling from and manipulating his father. Hubbard denied this in a written statement, saying that his business affairs were being well managed by Author Services Inc., of which Miscavige was the Chairman of the Board. The case was dismissed on June 27, 1983.[23] Miscavige announced L. Ron Hubbard's death in 1986, speaking to Sea Org members assembled in the Hollywood Palladium.[24] Shortly before Hubbard's death, an apparent order from him circulated in the Sea Org that promoted Scientologist Pat Broeker and his wife to the new rank of Loyal Officer, making them the highest-ranking members; Miscavige asserted this order had been forged.[16] After Hubbard's death, Miscavige assumed the position of head of the Scientology organization.[25]
David Miscavige works primarily from Scientology's base outside Los Angeles and travels to church facilities worldwide, including its spiritual headquarters in Clearwater.[12] The 2007 book Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles by W. W. Zellner and Richard T. Schaefer noted of Miscavige's role in Scientology, "David Miscavige has been the driving force behind the Church of Scientology for the past two decades."[4] Zellner and Schaefer observed of Miscavige's depiction on the main Scientology website relative to Hubbard, "Miscavige's biography and speeches are second only to Hubbard in dominating the official Scientology Web site."[4] With regard to Miscavige's leadership role and status within the organization, Zellner and Schaefer confirmed, "He is acknowledged as the ultimate ecclesiastical authority regarding the standard and pure application of L. Ron Hubbard's religious theories."[4] The book The Invention of Sacred Tradition by James R. Lewis and Olav Hammer described Miscavige's role in the organization, "David Miscavige, is a servant of Hubbard's message, not an agent in his own right."[26]
Reported abuse
Former senior-level Church of Scientology staff, including marketing executive Jeff Hawkins and Stacy Young, have stated that Miscavige physically and emotionally abuses his subordinates, including high-ranking Church executives. Church representatives have consistently denied such accusations. Hawkins, a senior marketing executive in the Church, claimed that Miscavige had physically assaulted him at an executive meeting in 2002, and, on other occasions, had punched him in his stomach and hit him on the head.[27] Young, the wife of Hubbard's former public relations spokesman Vaughn Young and Miscavige's former secretary, has claimed that Miscavige emotionally tormented staff members on a regular basis during her tenure. "His viciousness and his cruelty to staff was unlike anything that I had ever experienced in my life ... He just loved to degrade the staff," Young said in a 1995 ITV interview. "He got a kick out of it. He thought it was funny. Anybody who didn't think it was funny, like I didn't, was very suspect."[28]
In June 2009, the St Petersburg Times reported that top former Scientologists Mike Rinder, Mark Rathbun and two other witnesses stated that Miscavige beats and demoralizes staff, and claimed violence is a standard occurrence.[6] Scientology spokesman Tommy Davis denied these claims and provided witnesses to rebut them.[6] Miscavige sent a letter, which was posted online, to the newspaper a day before the first story ran, saying: "I have been advised that you have decided to move forward with your story without my interview. This, despite the fact confirmed more than three weeks ago that I would make myself available on a date certain (6 July), after you spoke to other relevant Church personnel and toured Church facilities, and that I would provide information annihilating the credibility of your sources including the fundamental crimes against the Scientology religion that were the reasons for their removal from post. I am at a loss to comprehend how the St. Petersburg Times can publish a story about me and the religion I lead without accepting the offer to speak with me, on the pretense that you cannot wait until after I have fulfilled my religious commitments."[7] The editors replied: "The Times first requested an interview with Mr. Miscavige on May 13, and offered to meet with him in person, or interview him by telephone at any time since."[7] This reporting series by the St. Petersburg Times titled: "Inside Scientology: The Truth Rundown" was recognized with honors including the 2010 Gold Medal for Public Service award from the Florida Society of News Editors,[29][30] and was a finalist for the 2010 National Headliner Awards in the category of investigative reporting.[31][32] In 2009, Miscavige was named as a defendant in a lawsuit for slavery and child labor by a former Scientologist.[33]
Tax advocacy
In 1990, David Miscavige founded the organization Citizens for an Alternative Tax System.[34] Miscavige worked from a period of time between 1991 and 1993 in efforts to attain Internal Revenue Service recognition of tax-exempt-status for the Scientology organization.[12] In 1993, after lengthy negotiations, an agreement with the IRS was reached on its treatment of the Church of Scientology. In 1991 Miscavige, with Mark Rathbun, had gone to IRS headquarters to meet with the Commissioner Fred T. Goldberg, Jr., which led to a two year review process (in which IRS tax analysts were ordered to ignore the substantive issues because the issues had been resolved prior to review),[35] and ultimately, tax exemption for the Church of Scientology International and its organizations in the US.[4]
To announce the settlement with the IRS, Miscavige gathered members of Scientology in the Los Angeles Sports Arena, where he delivered a two-and-a-half-hour address and stated to attendants at the event, "The war is over!"[4] 10,000 members of Scientology attended the event; they gave Miscavige a 10-minute-long standing ovation.[1] After attaining tax-exempt-status for Scientology in the United States, Miscavige was able to direct funds from the organization to other matters, including attempting to solicit new recruits, renovating properties owned by the organization, preserving and disseminating written works by Hubbard, and encouraging members of the organization to sign up for increased levels of Scientology coursework.[1] Later, in 1997, the church issued a statement denying its own "impromptu meeting" with Goldberg version of events, which the IRS and Goldberg declined to comment on.[36] In 1997 the group Citizens for an Alternative Tax System was challenging the US tax system.[34]
Public contact
In his first media appearance, in 1992, Miscavige was interviewed at length by Ted Koppel of ABC News. During the nearly hour-long appearance, Miscavige identified what he considered to be misconceptions about Scientology and condemned recent criticism of the Church as unfounded and bigoted. Miscavige also addressed the issue of extraterrestrial beliefs in Scientology, dismissing them as no different from the beliefs of any other religion. When played an audio recording of L. Ron Hubbard describing a visit to the Van Allen belt, Miscavige rejected it as "[not] part of current Scientology."[37]
In 1998, Miscavige gave his sole newspaper interview to the St. Petersburg Times.[38] The St. Petersburg Times reported, "Miscavige says he plans to step forward now and take a central role in trying to end differences with those who still oppose Scientology, the self-improvement 'technology' devised by the late L. Ron Hubbard in the early 1950s."[38] In his first-ever newspaper interview, Miscavige told the St. Petersburg Times that Clearwater is the scene of “possibly the last long-running conflict” for Scientology. He said he wanted to "take big steps" to end hostilities there.[39] Later that year, he appeared in an A&E Investigative Reports installment called "Inside Scientology" which aired in December.[40]
In 2000, Miscavige appeared at a birthday event for L. Ron Hubbard in Clearwater, Florida, where he stated, "we intend to bring LRH tech to the whole planet. We intend to actually achieve the aims of Scientololgy and we intend to do it in this lifetime."[41] Miscavige stated in a 2004 speech about Scientology, "While one can complain about the conditions we live in and it all can seem overwhelming, we take a different view that the most important commodity on Earth are people … So, yes: We believe in human rights and are doing something to make them an everyday fact."[12] In 2009, Scientology officials told the St. Petersburg Times that Miscavige was managing a "renaissance" of new releases of Scientology books by Hubbard, and working on an expansion of the organization.[12]
Tom Cruise confessional files
According to statements in May 2010 from former high-ranking member of the Church of Scientology Mark Rathbun who served as Inspector General of the Religious Technology Center from 1978 to 2004, Miscavige ordered that Tom Cruise's Auditing sessions be secretly videotaped.[42][43][44] Rathbun had himself been the individual responsible for performing auditing counseling with Cruise.[42] Rathbun subsequently learned that transcripts of the videotapes of Cruise were brought to meetings where they would be discussed by top management of Scientology.[43][45] Rathbun wrote that Miscavige would read out information from the reports about Cruise's auditing sessions. Another former high ranking Scientologist, Amy Scobee, when asked about Tom Cruise's confessional files stated it was Miscavige's habit to discuss celebrity confessionals with anyone who happened to be around including herself.[46] Rathbun ceased the filming of Cruise in 2002, because he felt it was unethical.[44]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology". part 4. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c Christensen, Dorthe Reflsund (2004). "Inventing L. Ron Hubbard". In James R. Lewis (ed.). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. p. 247. ISBN 0195156838.
- ^ a b Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power". Time Magazine. Time, Inc. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Zellner, William W. (2007). "David Miscavige". In William W. Zellner (ed.). Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles. Worth Publishers, 8th Edition. pp. 285–286. ISBN 0716770342.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Young, Robert Vaughn (November 199.). "Scientology from inside out". Quill magazine. 81 (9). www.unchain.gr. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ a b c Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "The Truth Run Down". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
- ^ a b c Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "A letter from David Miscavige". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
- ^ Hoffman, Claire (December 18, 2005). "Tom Cruise and Scientology". Los Angeles Times. www.latimes.com. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
- ^ a b Sappell, Joel (June 24, 1990). "The Man In Control". Los Angeles Times. p. A41:4. Retrieved 2006-06-06.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Reitman, Janet (March 9, 2006). "Inside Scientology". Rolling Stone (995). www.rollingstone.com: 57. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ Streeter, Michael (2008). Behind Closed Doors. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. p. 230. ISBN 1845379373.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Times Staff Writer (June 20, 2009). "David Miscavige bio, and bios of Scientology officials who defected". St. Petersburg Times. www.tampabay.com. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
- ^ Neusner, Jacob (2009). World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 293, 298. ISBN 0664233201.
- ^ a b c d Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology". part 2. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
- ^ O'Neil, Deborah (June 2, 2002). "The CEO and his church: Months of interviews and thousands of pages of court papers show the effect that influential church members had on a Clearwater company that was a darling of the dot-com boom". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Atack, Jon (1990). "Chapter Four—The Young Rulers". A Piece of Blue Sky publisher=Lyle Stuart. pp. 362, 448. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X.
{{cite book}}
: Missing pipe in:|title=
(help) - ^ Jacobsen, Jonny (January 28, 2008). "Niece of Scientology's leader backs Cruise biography". Agence France-Presse. Google News. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
- ^ Goldwag, Arthur (2009). Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies. Vintage. p. 102. ISBN 0307390675.
- ^ Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 163. ISBN 0810855887.
- ^ a b Lamont, Stewart (1986). Religion Inc.: The Church of Scientology. London: Harrap. p. 95. ISBN 0245543341.
- ^ "Mystery of the Vanished Ruler". TIME. January 31, 1983. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
- ^ Abgrall, Jean-Marie (1999). Soul Snatchers: The Mechanics of Cults. Algora Publishing. p. 294. ISBN 978-1892941046.
- ^ a b Miller, Russell (1987). Bare-faced Messiah, The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard (First American ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Co. pp. 305–306, 369. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0.
- ^ American Society of Magazine Editors (2007). The Best American Magazine Writing 2007. Columbia University Press. pp. 311, 323. ISBN 0231143915.
{{cite book}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood. pp. 98, 120, 173. ISBN 0275987175.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Lewis, James R. Lewis (2007). The Invention of Sacred Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 36. ISBN 0521864798.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Davis, Matt (August 7, 2008). "Selling Scientology: A Former Scientologist Marketing Guru Turns Against the Church". Retrieved August 10, 2008.
- ^ "Inside the Cult". The Big Story. ITV. 1995.
- ^ Sentinel Staff Report (June 18, 2010). "Orlando Sentinel wins 17 awards from Florida Society of News Editors". Orlando Sentinel. Florida: www.orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Florida Society of News Editors (June 18, 2010). "FSNE Gold Medal for Public Service". FSNE 2010 Journalism Awards. Florida: fsne.org. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Inside Scientology - The St. Petersburg Times reporting on the Church of Scientology is in the finest traditions of American journalism. The reporting by Joseph Childs and Thomas Tobin stands out for the ways in which it held accountable the powerful.
{{cite news}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Winners of 76th Annual National Headliner Awards". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. March 24, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-25. [dead link]
- ^ "Print Division - Daily Newspapers and News Syndicates - Writing & Reporting". National Headliner Awards. www.nationalheadlinerawards.com. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ Hull, Tim (December 1, 2009). "Man Says Scientologists Enslaved Him as Boy". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- ^ a b The Wall Street Journal, October 23, 1997
- ^ Frantz, Douglas (March 9, 1997). "Scientology's Puzzling Journey From Tax Rebel to Tax Exempt". The New York Times. New York Times Company. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
- ^ Frantz, Douglas (March 19, 1997). "Scientology Denies an Account Of an Impromptu I.R.S. Meeting". New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
- ^ Koppel, Ted (February 14, 1992). "David Miscavige interview". Nightline. ABC News. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ a b Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The Man Behind Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
- ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The Man Behind Scientology". sptimes.com. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
- ^ "Inside Scientology". Investigative Reports. A & E. December 14, 1998.
- ^ D'Arc, Joan (2000). Phenomenal World. Book Tree. p. 121. ISBN 1585091286.
- ^ a b Ortega, Tony (May 7, 2010). "Scientology - Tom Cruise Was Secretly Videotaped So Scientology Leader David Miscavige Could Regale Party Guests?". The Village Voice: Runnin' Scared. Village Voice Media. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
- ^ a b "Tom Cruise's confessions mocked at Scientology parties". MSN NZ. MSN New Zealand Ltd. May 9, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
- ^ a b "'Tom Cruise afgeluisterd binnen Scientology Kerk'". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). Telegraaf Media Groep. May 9, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ ninemsn staff. "Tom Cruise 'ridiculed at Scientology parties'". ninemsn. PBL Media & Microsoft. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
- ^ "Ex-Scientologist Reveals Details Behind 'Dangerous Cult, Tom Cruise in New Book". Popeater. May 13, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
External links
- Church of Scientology official
- Church of Scientology resources about Miscavige.
- Religious Technology Center, Official biography of Miscavige.
- News media
- "The Man Behind Scientology". A 1998 interview with David Miscavige in the St. Petersburg Times.
- "The Truth Rundown." Investigative reports and interviews about Scientology, largely focused on Miscavige, St. Petersburg Times, June–August 2009.
- Criticism