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{{Infobox scientist |
{{Infobox scientist |
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| name = David Graeber |
| name = David Graeber |
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| image = David Graeber |
| image = File:David Graeber Fire Island headshot cropped.jpg |
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| caption = Graeber in 2015 |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date |1961|02|12}} |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2020|9|02|1961|02|12}} |
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| birth_place = [[New York City, New York]] |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2020|9|02|1961|02|12}} |
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| death_place = [[Venice]], [[Italy]] |
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| death_place = [[Venice]], [[Italy]] |
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| work_institutions = {{ubl|[[Yale University]]|[[Goldsmiths, University of London]]|[[London School of Economics]]}} |
| work_institutions = {{ubl|[[Yale University]]|[[Goldsmiths, University of London]]|[[London School of Economics]]}} |
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| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[State University of New York at Purchase]]|[[University of Chicago]]}} |
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[State University of New York at Purchase]]|[[University of Chicago]]}} |
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| thesis_title = The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. |
| thesis_title = The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. |
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| doctoral_advisor = [[Marshall Sahlins]] |
| doctoral_advisor = [[Marshall Sahlins]] |
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| doctoral_students = |
| doctoral_students = |
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| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Debt: The First 5000 Years]]''|''[[Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology]]''}} |
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Debt: The First 5000 Years]]''|''[[Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology]]''}} |
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| influences = {{ubl|[[Marcel Mauss]]|[[Edmund Leach]]|[[Marshall Sahlins]]|[[Peter Kropotkin]]|[[Pierre Clastres]]|[[Karl Polanyi]]}} |
| influences = {{ubl|[[Marcel Mauss]]|[[Edmund Leach]]|[[Marshall Sahlins]]|[[Peter Kropotkin]]|[[Pierre Clastres]]|[[Karl Polanyi]]}} |
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| influenced = [[Occupy movement]] |
| influenced = [[Occupy movement]] |
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| awards = {{ubl|[[Bread and Roses Award]]|[[Society for Cultural Anthropology|Bateson Book Prize]]}} |
| awards = {{ubl|[[Bread and Roses Award]]|[[Society for Cultural Anthropology|Bateson Book Prize]]}} |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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| module = {{Listen| embed=yes |filename = David Graeber - voice - en.mp3 |title = David Graeber introducing himself |type = speech |description = recorded June 2018}} |
| module = {{Listen| embed=yes |filename = David Graeber - voice - en.mp3 |title = David Graeber introducing himself |type = speech |description = recorded June 2018}} |
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'''David Rolfe Graeber''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|r|eɪ|b|ər}}; February 12, 1961 – September 2, 2020)<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news |author=Cain, Sian |title=David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 59 |date=September 3, 2020 |accessdate=September 3, 2020 |work=The Guardian |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/03/david-graeber-anthropologist-and-author-of-bullshit-jobs-dies-aged-59}}</ref> was an American [[anthropologist]], [[anarchism|anarchist]] activist, and author known for his books ''[[Debt: The First 5000 Years]]'' (2011), ''[[The Utopia of Rules]]'' (2015) and ''[[Bullshit Jobs|Bullshit Jobs: A Theory]]'' (2018). He was a professor of anthropology at the [[London School of Economics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/anthropology/people/departmentalstaff.aspx|title=London School of Economics Department of Anthropology Staff List|publisher=[[London School of Economics]]|accessdate=September 30, 2013}}</ref> |
'''David Rolfe Graeber''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|r|eɪ|b|ər}}; February 12, 1961 – September 2, 2020)<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news |author=Cain, Sian |title=David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 59 |date=September 3, 2020 |accessdate=September 3, 2020 |work=The Guardian |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/03/david-graeber-anthropologist-and-author-of-bullshit-jobs-dies-aged-59}}</ref> was an American [[anthropologist]], [[anarchism|anarchist]] activist, and author known for his books ''[[Debt: The First 5000 Years]]'' (2011), ''[[The Utopia of Rules]]'' (2015) and ''[[Bullshit Jobs|Bullshit Jobs: A Theory]]'' (2018). He was a professor of anthropology at the [[London School of Economics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/anthropology/people/departmentalstaff.aspx|title=London School of Economics Department of Anthropology Staff List|publisher=[[London School of Economics]]|accessdate=September 30, 2013}}</ref> |
Revision as of 00:58, 6 September 2020
David Graeber | |
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Born | David Rolfe Graeber February 12, 1961 |
Died | September 2, 2020 | (aged 59)
Alma mater | |
Known for | |
Awards | |
Scientific career | |
Fields | |
Institutions | |
Thesis | The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. |
Doctoral advisor | Marshall Sahlins |
David Rolfe Graeber (/ˈɡreɪbər/; February 12, 1961 – September 2, 2020)[1] was an American anthropologist, anarchist activist, and author known for his books Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011), The Utopia of Rules (2015) and Bullshit Jobs: A Theory (2018). He was a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics.[2]
As an assistant professor and associate professor of anthropology at Yale from 1998 to 2007, Graeber specialized in theories of value and social theory. Yale's decision not to rehire him when he would otherwise have become eligible for tenure sparked an academic controversy.[3] He went on to become, from 2007 to 2013, reader in social anthropology at Goldsmiths, University of London.[4]
His activism includes protests against the 3rd Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in 2001, and at the 2002 World Economic Forum in New York City. Graeber was a leading figure in the Occupy Wall Street movement, and is sometimes credited with having coined the slogan "we are the 99%".[5] He accepted credit for the description "the 99%" but said that others had expanded it into the slogan.[6]
Early life and education
Graeber's parents, who were in their forties when Graeber was born, were self-taught working-class intellectuals in New York.[7] His parents are Jewish.[8] Graeber's mother, Ruth Rubinstein, had been a garment worker, and played the lead role in the 1930s musical comedy revue Pins & Needles, staged by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.[7][9] Graeber's father Kenneth, who was affiliated with the Youth Communist League in college, participated in the Spanish Revolution in Barcelona and fought in the Spanish Civil War.[10] He later worked as a plate stripper on offset printers.[7] Graeber grew up in Penn South, a union-sponsored housing cooperative in Chelsea, Manhattan,[11] described by Business Week magazine as "suffused with radical politics."[7]
Graeber's had his first experience of political activism at the age of seven, when he attended peace marches in New York's Central Park and Fire Island.[12] He was an anarchist from the age of 16, according to an interview he gave to The Village Voice in 2005.[13]
Graeber graduated from Phillips Academy Andover in 1978 and received his B.A. from the State University of New York at Purchase in 1984. He received his Master's degree and doctorate at the University of Chicago, where he won a Fulbright fellowship to conduct 20 months of ethnographic field research in Betafo, Madagascar, beginning in 1989.[14] His resulting Ph.D. thesis on magic, slavery, and politics was supervised by Marshall Sahlins and titled The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar.[3][15]
Academic career
Yale University (1998–2005)
In 1998, two years after completing his PhD, Graeber became assistant professor at Yale University, then associate professor.[3] In May 2005, the Yale anthropology department decided not to renew Graeber's contract, preventing consideration for tenure, which was scheduled for 2008. Pointing to Graeber's anthropological scholarship, his supporters (including fellow anthropologists, former students and activists) claimed the decision was politically motivated. More than 4,500 people signed petitions supporting him, and anthropologists such as Marshall Sahlins, Laura Nader, Michael Taussig, and Maurice Bloch called on Yale to reverse its decision.[3] Bloch, who had been a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics and the Collège de France, and a writer on Madagascar, praised Graeber in a letter to the university.[16]
The Yale administration argued that Graeber's dismissal was in keeping with Yale's policy of granting tenure to few junior faculty (thus generating the widespread false impression that this was a tenure case) and gave no formal explanation for its actions. Graeber suggested that Yale's decision might have been influenced by his support of a student of his who was targeted for expulsion because of her membership in GESO, Yale's graduate student union.[3][17][18][19]
In December 2005, Graeber agreed to leave Yale after a one-year paid sabbatical. That spring he taught two final classes: "Introduction to Cultural Anthropology" (attended by more than 200 students) and a seminar, "Direct Action and Radical Social Theory".[20]
On May 25, 2006, Graeber was invited to give the Malinowski Lecture at the London School of Economics. Each year, the LSE anthropology department asks an anthropologist at a relatively early stage of their career to give the Malinowski Lecture, and only invites those considered to have made significant contributions to anthropological theory. Graeber's address was called "Beyond Power/Knowledge: an exploration of the relation of power, ignorance and stupidity".[21] It was later edited into an essay, "Dead zones of the imagination: On violence, bureaucracy and interpretive labor".[22] The same year, Graeber was asked to present the keynote address in the 100th anniversary Diamond Jubilee meetings of the Association of Social Anthropologists.[23] In April 2011, he presented the anthropology department's annual Distinguished Lecture at Berkeley,[24] and in May 2012 delivered the second annual Marilyn Strathern Lecture at Cambridge (the first was delivered by Strathern).[25]
"Academic exile" and London (2005–2020)
After his dismissal from Yale, Graeber was unable to secure another position at an American university.[26][27] He applied for more than twenty, but despite a strong track record and letters of recommendation from several prominent anthropologists, never made it past the first round.[27][28] At the same time, a number of foreign universities approached him with offers.[26][28] In an article on his "academic exile" from the United States, The Chronicle of Higher Education interviewed several anthropology professors who agreed that Graeber's political activism could have played a role in his unsuccessful search, describing the field as "radical in the abstract" (in the words of Laura Nader) but intolerant of direct political action. Another factor suggested by the article was that Graeber had acquired a reputation as being personally difficult or "uncollegial", especially in light of allegations of poor conduct made by Yale during the dispute over his dismissal.[26] Graeber himself interpreted his exclusion from American academia is a direct result of his dismissal from Yale, likening it to "black-balling in a social club", and arguing that the charge of "uncollegiality" glossed a variety of other personal qualities, from his political activism to his working class background, that marked him as a trouble-maker within the academic hierarchy.[28] Laura Nader, reflecting on Graeber's case amongst other examples of "academic silencing" in anthropology, speculated that the real reasons could have included Graeber's growing reputation as a public intellectual,[27] and his tendency to "write in English" rather than jargon.[26]
From 2008 to 2013, Graeber was a lecturer and a reader at Goldsmith's College of the University of London. In 2013, he accepted a professorship at the London School of Economics.[26][29]
Graeber was a founding member of the Institute for Experimental Arts in Greece. He gave a lecture with the title "How social and economic structure influences the Art World" in the International MultiMedia Poetry Festival organized by the Institute for Experimental Arts supported by the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics and Political Science.[30]
Scholarship
Graeber is the author of Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology and Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. He has done extensive anthropological work in Madagascar, writing his doctoral thesis, The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar, on the continuing social division between the descendants of nobles and the descendants of former slaves.[31] A book based on his dissertation, Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar, was published by Indiana University Press in September 2007.[32] A book of collected essays, Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion, and Desire was published by AK Press in November 2007,[33] and Direct Action: An Ethnography appeared from the same press in August 2009.[34] Moreover, the aforementioned publisher printed a collection of essays by Graeber – co-edited with Stevphen Shukaitis and Erika Biddle – called Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations//Collective Theorization (AK Press, May 2007).[35]
In December 2017, Graeber and his former teacher Marshall Sahlins released a collection of essays entitled On Kings, outlining a theory, inspired by A. M. Hocart, of the origins of human sovereignty in cosmological ritual.[36] Graeber contributed essays on the Shilluk and Merina kingdoms, and a final essay that explored what he called "the constitutive war between king and people."[37] He was working on a historical work on the origins of social inequality with David Wengrow.[38]
From January 2013 until June 2016, Graeber was a contributing editor at The Baffler magazine in Cambridge, Massachusetts. From 2011 until 2017 he was editor-at-large of the open access journal HAU: The Journal of Ethnographic Theory, for which he and Giovanni da Col co-wrote the founding theoretical statement and manifesto of the school of "ethnographic theory".[39]
Charles Kenny, writing in the political magazine Democracy, claimed that Graeber sought out data that "fit the narrative on the evils of neoliberalism" and challenged or criticised data which suggested otherwise.[40]
Debt: The First 5000 Years
Graeber's first major historical monograph was Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011).[41] Speaking about Debt with the Brooklyn Rail, Graeber remarked:
- The IMF (International Monetary Fund) and what they did to countries in the Global South—which is, of course, exactly the same thing bankers are starting to do at home now—is just a modern version of this old story. That is, creditors and governments saying you’re having a financial crisis, you owe money, obviously you must pay your debts. There’s no question of forgiving debts. Therefore, people are going to have to stop eating so much. The money has to be extracted from the most vulnerable members of society. Lives are destroyed; millions of people die. People would never dream of supporting such a policy until you say, "Well, they have to pay their debts."[42]
Karl Schmid, writing in the Canadian Anthropology Society's journal Anthropologica, described Debt as an "unusual book" which "may be the most read public anthropology book of the 21st century" and noted that "it will be difficult for Graeber or anyone else to top this book for the attention it received due to excellent timing".[43] Schmid compared Debt to Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel and James C. Scott's The Art of Not Being Governed for its "vast scope and implication".[43] However, Schmid expressed minor frustrations with the sheer length of the book, and the fact that Graeber raises many claims and examples which he does not go on to develop in full.[44]
J. Bradford DeLong, an economic historian, criticised Debt on his blog,[45][46] alleging mistakes in the book. Graeber responded that these errors had no influence on his argument, remarking that the "biggest actual mistake DeLong managed to detect in the 544 pages of Debt, despite years of flailing away, was (iirc) that I got the number of Presidential appointees on the Federal Open Market Committee board wrong".[47] He dismissed his other criticisms as representing a divergence of interpretation, truncation of his arguments by DeLong, and mistakes in the copy editing of the book.[47]
Bureaucracy, managerialism, and "bullshit jobs"
Much of Graeber's later scholarship focused on the topic of "bullshit jobs", proliferated by administrative bloat and what Graeber calls "managerial feudalism". One of the points he raised in his 2013 book The Democracy Project—on the Occupy movement—is the increase in what he calls bullshit jobs, referring to forms of employment that even those holding the jobs feel should not or do not need to exist. He sees such jobs as being typically "concentrated in professional, managerial, clerical, sales, and service workers".[48] As he explained also in an article in STRIKE!: "[h]uge swathes of people, in Europe and North America in particular, spend their entire working lives performing tasks they secretly believe do not really need to be performed".[49]
Because of the article's popularity, Graeber then wrote the book Bullshit Jobs: A theory, published in 2018 by Simon & Schuster. Writing for The New Yorker, Nathan Heller described the resulting book as having "the virtue of being both clever and charismatic".[50] Reviewing the book for The New York Times, Alana Semuels noted that although it could be criticised for generalisations about economics "Graeber’s anthropological eye and skepticism about capitalism are useful in questioning some parts of the economy that the West has come to accept as normal."[51] The Guardian gave a mixed review of Graeber's Bullshit Jobs, accusing him of having a "slightly condescending attitude" and attesting to the book's "laboured arguments", while referring to aspects of the book's thesis as "clearly right".[52] Bullshit Jobs spent four weeks in the top-20 of the Los Angeles Times' bestseller list.[53] The book was awarded "Book of the Year 2018" by each of the Financial Times, New Statesman, and City AM.[54]
Activism
In addition to his academic work, Graeber was directly and indirectly involved in political activism. He was a member of the labor union Industrial Workers of the World, protested at the World Economic Forum in New York City in 2002, supported the 2010 UK student protests,[55] and played an early role in the Occupy Wall Street movement. He was co-founder of the Anti-Capitalist Convergence.[56]
In November 2011, Rolling Stone magazine credited Graeber with giving the Occupy Wall Street movement its theme: "We are the 99 percent". Graeber wrote in The Democracy Project that the slogan "was a collective creation".[57] Rolling Stone said he helped create the first New York City General Assembly, with only 60 participants, on August 2.[58] He spent the next six weeks involved with the burgeoning movement, including facilitating general assemblies, attending working group meetings, and organizing legal and medical training and classes on nonviolent resistance. A few days after the encampment of Zuccotti Park began, he left New York for Austin, Texas.[7]
Graeber argued that the Occupy Wall Street movement's lack of recognition of the legitimacy of either existing political institutions or the legal structure, its embrace of non-hierarchical consensus decision-making and of prefigurative politics made it a fundamentally anarchist project.[59] Comparing it to the Arab Spring, he claimed that Occupy Wall Street and other contemporary grassroots protests represented "the opening salvo in a wave of negotiations over the dissolution of the American Empire."[60] Writing in Al Jazeera, he noted that from the beginning the Occupy movement was about a "commitment to answer only to a moral order, not a legal one" and so held meetings without the requisite permits. Defending this early decision of the Occupy movement, he said, "as the public, we should not need permission to occupy public space".[61]
Graeber tweeted in 2014 that he had been evicted from his family's home of over 50 years due to his involvement with Occupy Wall Street. He added that others associated with Occupy had received similar "administrative harassment".[62]
On October 11, 2019, Graeber spoke at an Extinction Rebellion protest in Trafalgar Square[63] about the relationship between "bullshit jobs" and environmental harm, suggesting that the environmental movement should recognize these jobs in combination with unnecessary construction or infrastructure projects and planned obsolescence as significant issues.[64][65]
In November 2019, along with other public figures, Graeber signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, calling him "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election.[66] In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."[67][68]
Influence and reception
Kate Burrell wrote, in the journal Sociology, that Graeber's work "promotes anarchist visions of social change, which are not quite believed possible by the Left, yet are lived out within social movements every day" and that his work "offers poetic insight into the daily realities of life as an activist, overtly promotes anarchism, and is a hopeful celebration of just what can be achieved by relatively small groups of committed individuals living their truth visibly."[69]
Hans Steinmüller, writing in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, described Graeber and his co-author Marshall Sahlins as "two of the most important anthropological thinkers of our time" and that their contributions to the anthropological theory of kingship represent a "benchmark of anthropological theory".[70]
Anastasia Piliavsky, in the International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, described Graeber's The Utopia of Rules as "a manifesto with a clear political aim", describing him as "a career anarchist" who "yearns for total liberation: liberation from government rules and regulations, from boredom and capitalism, inequality, law, corporations, tradition, and the police, and from bureaucracy's "soulless conformity."[71] In response, Graeber criticized Piliavky's argument, stating that "not only are almost none of the actual arguments I make in the book addressed in this review but almost all of the positions the reviewer does attribute to me are anticipated and explicitly rejected in the text".[72]
Death
Graeber died on September 2, 2020 in a Venice hospital at the age of 59.[1] He had been active until the last days before his death, posting up a video to YouTube on August 28 where he stated he had been feeling "a little under the weather" but that he was beginning to "feel better."[73] His wife Nika Dubrovsky announced on Twitter that Graeber was vacationing with her and friends in Venice and that he died from "internal bleeding," with the cause yet to be determined by an autopsy.[74]
Publications
Books
- Graeber, David (2001). Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Own Dreams. New York: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-312-24044-8.
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suggested) (help) - Graeber, David (2004). Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press (distributed by University of Chicago Press). ISBN 978-0-9728196-4-0.
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suggested) (help) - Graeber, David (2011). Revolutions in Reverse: Essays on Politics, Violence, Art, and Imagination. London; New York: Minor Compositions / Autonomedia. ISBN 978-1-57027-243-1.
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suggested) (help) - Graeber, David (2015). The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-61219-375-5.
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Posthumous
- Graeber, David (September 2020). Anarchy—In a Manner of Speaking. Diaphanes. ISBN 9783035802269.
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suggested) (help) Conversations with Mehdi Belhaj Kacem, Nika Dubrovsky, and Assia Turquier-Zauberman.[75] - Graeber, David (December 2020). Uprisings: An Illustrated Guide to Popular Rebellion. PM Press. ISBN 9781629638256.
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Edited books
- Shukaitis, Stevphen; Graeber, David; Biddle, Erika, eds. (2007). Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations / Collective Theorization. Oakland, CA: AK Press. ISBN 978-1-904859-35-2. OCLC 141193537.
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Academic articles
- — (March 2006). "Turning Modes of Production Inside Out: Or, Why Capitalism is a Transformation of Slavery" (PDF). Critique of Anthropology. 26 (1): 61–85. doi:10.1177/0308275X06061484.
- — (September 2011). "The Divine Kingship of the Shilluk: On Violence, Utopia, and the Human Condition, or, Elements for an Archaeology of Sovereignty". HAU: The Journal of Ethnographic Theory.
- — (December 2012). "Dead Zones of the Imagination: On Violence, Bureaucracy, and Interpretive Labor. The 2006 Malinowski Memorial Lecture". HAU: The Journal of Ethnographic Theory.
Journalism and popular articles
- — (December 27, 1998). "Rebel Without a God". In These Times.
- — (August 21, 2000). "Give it Away". In These Times. 24 (19).
- — (January–February 2002). "The new anarchists". New Left Review. II (13). New Left Review.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - — (June 1, 2003). "The Twilight of Vanguardism". Indymedia DC. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. (originally delivered as a keynote address during the "History Matters: Social Movements Past, Present, and Future" conference at the New School for Social Research on May 3, 2003)
- — (January 6, 2004). "Anarchism in the 21st Century". Z Magazine. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008. Co-authored with Andrej Grubacic
- — (December 6, 2005). "On the Phenomenology of Giant Puppets: Broken Windows, Imaginary Jars of Urine, and the Cosmological Role of the Police in American Culture" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) (originally an address to Anthropology, Art and Activism Seminar Series at Brown University's Watson Institute, December 6, 2005) - — (January 2007). "Army of Altruists". Harper's.
- — (October 12, 2007). "The Shock of Victory". Infoshop News. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012.
- — (October 16, 2007). "Revolution in Reverse". Infoshop News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2011.
- — (April 1, 2008). "The Sadness of Post-Workerism, or, "Art and Immaterial Labour" Conference: a Sort of Review" (PDF). The Commoner.
- — (November 17, 2008). "Hope in Common". Autonomedia.org. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - — (February 10, 2009). "Debt: The First Five Thousand Years". Mute Magazine. 2 (12).
- — (November 2010). "Against Kamikaze Capitalism: Oil, Climate Change and the French refinery blockades". Shift. Archived from the original on April 20, 2012.
- — (December 7, 2010). "To Have Is to Owe". Triple Canopy (10).
- — (January 1, 2011). "The divine kingship of the Shilluk: On violence, utopia, and the human condition, or, elements for an archaeology of sovereignty". HAU. 1 (1).
- — (September 25, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street Rediscovers the Radical Imagination". guardian.co.uk.
- — (November 15, 2011). "Occupy and anarchism's gift of democracy". The Guardian.
- — (December 16, 2011). "Note worthy: what is the meaning of money?". The Guardian.
- — (March 2012). "Of Flying Cars and the Declining Rate of Profit". The Baffler.
- — (May 7, 2012). "Occupy's liberation from liberalism: the real meaning of May Day". The Guardian.
- — (November 2012). "Can't Stop Believing". The Baffler.
- — (April 21, 2013). "There's no need for all this economic sadomasochism". The Guardian.
- — (April 2013). "A Practical Utopian's Guide to the Coming Collapse". The Baffler.
- — (May 2013). "It is Value that Brings Universes into Being". HAU. 3 (2).
- — (August 2013). "On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs". Strike! Magazine.
- — (August 2013). "Buncombe". The Baffler.
- — (January 2014). "What's the Point If We Can't Have Fun?". The Baffler.
- — (March 18, 2014). "The truth is out: money is just an IOU, and the banks are rolling in it". The Guardian.
- — (March 26, 2014). "Caring too much. That's the curse of the working classes". The Guardian.
- — (May 30, 2014). "Savage capitalism is back – and it will not tame itself". The Guardian.
- — (October 8, 2014). "Why is the world ignoring the revolutionary Kurds in Syria?". The Guardian.
- — (October 27, 2014). "Occupy Democracy is not considered newsworthy. It should be". The Guardian.
- — (November 20, 2014). "Students are right to march against the markets. Why can't education be free?". The Guardian.
- — (December 4, 2014). "Roy Bhaskar obituary". The Guardian.
- — (July 2014). "Soak the Rich". The Baffler. A conversation between David Graeber and Thomas Piketty.
- — (March 2015). "Dickheads". The Baffler.
- — (July 2015). "The Bully's Pulpit". The Baffler.
- — (October 28, 2015). "Debt and what the government doesn't want you to know (video)". The Guardian.
- — (October 28, 2015). "Britain is heading for another 2008 crash: here's why". The Guardian.
- — (November 18, 2015). "Turkey could cut off Islamic State's supply lines. So why doesn't it?". The Guardian.
- — (March 2016). "Despair Fatigue". The Baffler.
- — (July 5, 2016). "The elites hate Momentum and the Corbynites—and I'll you why". The Guardian.
- — (May 10, 2017). "Theresa May recites Labour's lines, but doesn't mean a word of them". The Guardian.
- — (November 5, 2017). "I didn't understand how widespread rape was. Then the penny dropped". The Guardian.
- — (February 23, 2018). "Why are world leaders backing this brutal attack against Kurdish Afrin?". The Guardian.
- — (March 2, 2018). "How to change the course of human history". eurozine.com. Co-authored with David Wengrow.
- — (May 4, 2018). "'I had to guard an empty room': the rise of the pointless job". The Guardian.
- — (February 1, 2019). "America's Kurdish allies risk being wiped out—by Nato". The Guardian.
- Graeber, David (December 5, 2019). "Against Economics". The New York Review of Books. LXVI (19): 52, 54, 56–58. Retrieved September 5, 2020. : review of Skidelsky, Robert (November 13, 2018). Money and Government: The Past and Future of Economics. Yale University Press. p. 492. ISBN 978-0300240320. Opening of David Graeber's review (p. 52): "There is a growing feeling, among those who have the responsibility of managing large economies, that the discipline of economics is no longer fit for purpose. It is beginning to look like a science designed to solve problems that no longer exist."
References
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{{cite magazine}}
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{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c Nader, Laura (January 22, 2019). "Unravelling the Politics of Silencing". Public Anthropologist. 1 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1163/25891715-00101006. ISSN 2589-1707.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Graeber, David (1996). The Disastrous Ordeal of 1987: Memory and Violence in Rural Madagascar. Vol. 3. University of Chicago, Department of Anthropology.
- ^ Graeber, David (2007). Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253219152.
- ^ Graeber, David (2007). Possibilities: Essays on Hierarchy, Rebellion and Desire. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859666.
- ^ Graeber, David (2009). Direct Action: An Ethnography. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859796.
- ^ Shukaitis, Stevphen; Graeber, David; Biddle, Erika, eds. (2007). Constituent Imagination: Militant Investigations/Collective Theorization. AK Press. ISBN 9781904859352.
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As a matter of historical record, since there is so much discussion of the origin of the slogan "We Are the 99 Percent," the answer is that—appropriately enough—it was a collective creation.
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- ^ Graeber, David (March 1, 2017). "A Response to Anastasia Piliavsky's The Wrong Kind of Freedom? A Review of David Graeber's The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy (Brooklyn/London: Melville House, 2015, 261 pages)". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. 30 (1): 113–118. doi:10.1007/s10767-016-9248-0 – via Springer Link.
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- ^ "Uprisings: An Illustrated Guide to Popular Rebellion". PM Press.
Further reading
- Sutton, David (September 2004). "Anthropology's Value(s): A Review of David Graeber's Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value". Anthropological Theory. 4 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1177/1463499604042818.
- Guyer, Jane I. (December 2009). "On 'possibility': A response to 'How Is Anthropology Going?'". Anthropological Theory. 9 (4): 355–370. doi:10.1177/1463499609358143.