94.112.102.135 (talk) No edit summary |
removing Jakarta |
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{{for multi|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of places in Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2023}} |
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The following is a list of '''Czech exonyms''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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[[Exonym]]s should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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The following is a list of '''Czech [[exonym]]s''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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Exonyms should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| [[Oran|وهران (Wahrān/Wahrán)]] |
| [[Oran|وهران (Wahrān/Wahrán)]] |
||
| Oran |
| Oran |
||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Armenia}} ''Arménie'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] |
|||
| [[Vagharshapat, Armenia|Էջմիաժին (Echmiadzin)]] |
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| Ečmiadzin |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Yerevan|Երեւան (Erevan)]] |
|||
| Jerevan |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Austria}} ''Rakousko''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as [[Raabs an der Thaya|Raabs]]. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it ''Rakuš'' or ''Rakus'', which eventually became ''Rakousko''."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Austria}} ''Rakousko''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as [[Raabs an der Thaya|Raabs]]. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it ''Rakuš'' or ''Rakus'', which eventually became ''Rakousko''."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
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Line 46: | Line 55: | ||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
||
| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
||
| |
| Hrodno |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
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Line 90: | Line 99: | ||
| Kanton |
| Kanton |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 ( |
| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 (Hārbīn/Cha-er-pin)]] |
||
| Charbin |
| Charbin |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 104: | Line 113: | ||
| [[Shanghai|上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj)]] |
| [[Shanghai|上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj)]] |
||
| Šanghaj |
| Šanghaj |
||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Côte d'Ivoire}} ''Pobřeží slonoviny'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[French language|French]] |
|||
| [[Abidjan]] |
|||
| Abidžan |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
||
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
||
| Dubrovník |
| Dubrovník |
||
Line 122: | Line 125: | ||
| [[Šibenik]] |
| [[Šibenik]] |
||
| Šibeník |
| Šibeník |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Varaždin]] |
|||
| Varaždín |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zagreb]] |
| [[Zagreb]] |
||
Line 146: | Line 152: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Egypt}} ''Egypt'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Egypt}} ''Egypt'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja)]] |
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja)]] |
||
| Alexandrie |
| Alexandrie |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Cairo]] |
|||
| Káhira |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka)]] |
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka)]] |
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Line 173: | Line 182: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|France}} ''Francie'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|France}} ''Francie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=6 align=top | [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
||
| Kresčak |
| Kresčak |
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Line 183: | Line 192: | ||
| Mety |
| Mety |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Paris]] |
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| Mylhúzy |
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|- |
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| Paris |
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| Paříž |
| Paříž |
||
|- |
|- |
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Line 222: | Line 228: | ||
| Janina |
| Janina |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/ |
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Piraeus)]] |
||
| Pireus |
| Pireus |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 292: | Line 298: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
||
| Varanásí |
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| Benáres |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Indonesian language|Bahasa Indonesia]] |
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| [[Jakarta]] |
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| Džakarta |
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|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Jerusalem|ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)]] – [[Jerusalem|القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds)]] |
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| Jeruzalém |
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|- |
|||
| [[Haifa|חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)]] – [[Haifa|حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá)]] |
| [[Haifa|חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)]] – [[Haifa|حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá)]] |
||
| Haifa |
| Haifa |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Jaffa|יפו (Yafo/Jafo)]] - [[Jaffa|ݐافا (Yāfā/Yáfá)]] |
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| Jaffa |
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|- |
|||
| [[Jerusalem|ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)]] – [[Jerusalem|القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds)]] |
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| Jeruzalém |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nazareth|נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)]] – [[Nazareth|الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira)]] |
| [[Nazareth|נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)]] – [[Nazareth|الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira)]] |
||
Line 349: | Line 354: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
||
| Syrakusy |
|||
| Syrakúsy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
||
Line 362: | Line 367: | ||
| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
||
| Benátky |
| Benátky |
||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ivory Coast}} ''Pobřeží slonoviny'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[French language|French]] |
|||
| [[Abidjan]] |
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| Abidžan |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
||
Line 384: | Line 395: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Tripoli|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
| [[Tripoli, Libya|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
||
| Tripolis |
| Tripolis |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lithuania}} ''Litva'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lithuania}} ''Litva'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
||
| [[Kaunas]] |
|||
| Kovno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Klaipėda]] |
| [[Klaipėda]] |
||
| Klajpeda |
| Klajpeda |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Šiauliai]] |
|||
| Šavle |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Trakai]] |
| [[Trakai]] |
||
| Troky |
| Troky |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Vilnius]] |
|||
| Vilno |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Luxembourg}} ''Lucembursko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Luxembourg}} ''Lucembursko'' |
||
Line 413: | Line 415: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Romanian language| |
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Chișinău]] |
||
| Kišiněv |
| Kišiněv |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 440: | Line 442: | ||
| [[Tangiers|طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža)]] |
| [[Tangiers|طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža)]] |
||
| Tanger |
| Tanger |
||
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Netherlands}} ''Nizozemí'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]] |
|||
| [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] |
|||
| Groninky |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Pakistan}} ''Pákistán'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Pakistan}} ''Pákistán'' |
||
Line 455: | Line 451: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Palestine}} ''Palestina'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Palestine}} ''Palestina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] |
||
| [[Bethlehem|بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)]] – [[Bethlehem|בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem)]] |
| [[Bethlehem|بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)]] – [[Bethlehem|בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem)]] |
||
| Betlém |
| Betlém |
||
Line 461: | Line 457: | ||
| [[Hebron|الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)]] – [[Hebron|חברון (Hevron/Chevron)]] |
| [[Hebron|الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)]] – [[Hebron|חברון (Hevron/Chevron)]] |
||
| Hebron |
| Hebron |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Jericho|ٲرݐحا (Arīhā/Aríhá)]] - [[Jericho|יריחו (Yeriho)]] |
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| Jericho |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nablus|نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)]] – [[Nablus|שכם (Shkhem/Šchem)]] |
| [[Nablus|نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)]] – [[Nablus|שכם (Shkhem/Šchem)]] |
||
Line 470: | Line 469: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Poland}} ''Polsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Poland}} ''Polsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=96 align=top | [[Polish language|Polish]] |
||
| [[Białogard]] |
| [[Białogard]] |
||
| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
||
Line 547: | Line 546: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Inowrocław]] |
| [[Inowrocław]] |
||
| Mladá Vratislav |
| Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jawor]] |
| [[Jawor]] |
||
Line 553: | Line 552: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
||
| |
| Jelení Hora |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Katowice]] |
| [[Katowice]] |
||
| Katovice |
| Katovice |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Katyn|Katyń]] |
|||
| Katyň |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
||
Line 585: | Line 581: | ||
| Krakov |
| Krakov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Krasne Pole]] |
| [[Krasne Pole, Głubczyce County|Krasne Pole]] |
||
| Krásne Loučky |
| Krásne Loučky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 591: | Line 587: | ||
| Lázně Chudoba |
| Lázně Chudoba |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lądek |
| [[Lądek-Zdrój]] |
||
| Lázně Landek |
| Lázně Landek |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 642: | Line 638: | ||
| Olštýn |
| Olštýn |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Opawica]] |
| [[Opawica, Poland|Opawica]] |
||
| Opavice |
| Opavice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 659: | Line 655: | ||
| [[Poznań]] |
| [[Poznań]] |
||
| Poznaň |
| Poznaň |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Prudnik]] |
|||
| Prudník |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Pszczyna]] |
| [[Pszczyna]] |
||
Line 774: | Line 773: | ||
| Berzáska |
| Berzáska |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Bistrița]] |
||
| Bystřice |
| Bystřice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Botoșani]] |
||
| Botušany |
| Botušany |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 786: | Line 785: | ||
| Brašov |
| Brašov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bucharest| |
| [[Bucharest|București]] |
||
| Bukurešť |
| Bukurešť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 792: | Line 791: | ||
| Kluž |
| Kluž |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Constanța]] |
||
| Konstanca |
| Konstanca |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 798: | Line 797: | ||
| Krajova |
| Krajova |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Eșelnița]] |
||
| Ješelnice |
| Ješelnice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Galați]] |
||
| Galac |
| Galac |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Iablanița]] |
||
| Jablonice |
| Jablonice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Iași]] |
||
| Jasy |
| Jasy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 816: | Line 815: | ||
| Velký Varadín |
| Velký Varadín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Oravița]] |
||
| Oravice |
| Oravice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Orșova]] |
||
| Oršava |
| Oršava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Pitești]] |
||
| Pitešť |
| Pitešť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Ploiești]] |
||
| Ploješť |
| Ploješť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Reșița]] |
||
| Rešice |
| Rešice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 834: | Line 833: | ||
| Sibiň |
| Sibiň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sighetu |
| [[Sighetu Marmației]] |
||
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Sighișoara]] |
||
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Șopotu Nou]] |
||
| Bušava |
| Bušava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 846: | Line 845: | ||
| Sučava |
| Sučava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Svinița]] |
||
| Svinice |
| Svinice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Timișoara]] |
||
| Temešvár |
| Temešvár |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Russian language|Russian]] |
||
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
||
| Královec |
| Kaliningrad, Královec |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Moscow|Москва (Moskva)]] |
|||
| Moskva |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
||
Line 865: | Line 867: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk)]] |
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk)]] |
||
| Tylže |
| Sovětsk/Tylže |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Saudi Arabia}} ''Saúdská Arábie'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Saudi Arabia}} ''Saúdská Arábie'' |
||
Line 878: | Line 880: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] |
||
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
||
| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Novi Sad|Нови Сад, Novi Sad]] |
|||
| Nový Sad |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
||
Line 893: | Line 892: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] |
||
| [[Kranj]] |
| [[Kranj]] |
||
| Kraň |
| Kraň |
||
Line 899: | Line 898: | ||
| [[Ljubljana]] |
| [[Ljubljana]] |
||
| Lublaň |
| Lublaň |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Nova Gorica]] |
|||
| Gorice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
||
Line 926: | Line 922: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Switzerland}} ''Švýcarsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Switzerland}} ''Švýcarsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[German language|German]] – [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
||
| Basilej |
| Basilej |
||
Line 932: | Line 928: | ||
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
||
| Ženeva |
| Ženeva |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Schaffhausen]] – [[Schaffhausen|Schaffhouse]] |
|||
| Šafhúsy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
||
Line 959: | Line 952: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Istanbul|İstanbul]] |
||
| Istanbul |
|||
| Drinopol |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[İstanbul]] |
|||
| Konstantinopol, Cařihrad |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[İzmir]] |
| [[İzmir]] |
||
Line 980: | Line 970: | ||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ukraine}} ''Ukrajina'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ukraine}} ''Ukrajina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=16 align=top | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
||
| [[Dnipro|Дніпро (Dnipro)]] |
|||
| [[Dnipropetrovsk|Дніпропетровськ (Dnipropetrovsk)]] |
|||
| Dnipro |
|||
| Dněpropetrovsk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Cherkasy|Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy)]] |
||
| Čerkasy |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chernihiv|Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv)]] |
| [[Chernihiv|Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv)]] |
||
| Černigov, Černihov |
| Černigov, Černihov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Chernivtsi|Чернівці (Chernivtsi/Černivci)]] |
|||
| Černovice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chernobyl|Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl)]] |
| [[Chernobyl|Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl)]] |
||
| Černobyl |
| Černobyl |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Kharkiv|Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv)]] |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kherson|Херсон (Kherson)]] |
|||
| Cherson |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Khotyn|Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn)]] |
| [[Khotyn|Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn)]] |
||
| Chotim |
| Chotim |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Kyiv|Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv)]] |
||
| Kyjev |
| Kyjev |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Kremenchuk|Кременчук (Kremenchuk)]] |
|||
| Kremenčuk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih)]] |
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih)]] |
||
Line 1,008: | Line 1,010: | ||
| Novgorod Severský |
| Novgorod Severský |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Volodymyr |
| [[Volodymyr (city)|Володимир (Volodymyr)]] |
||
| Volodymyr |
|||
| Vladimir Volyňský |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
||
| Záporoží |
| Záporoží |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Zhytomyr|Житомир (Zhytomyr)]] |
|||
| Žytomyr |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United Kingdom}} ''Spojené království'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| | English |
|||
| [[London]] |
|||
| Londýn |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United States}} ''Spojené státy americké'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United States}} ''Spojené státy americké'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| English |
| | English |
||
| [[Philadelphia]] |
| [[Philadelphia]] |
||
| Filadelfie |
| Filadelfie |
||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United Kingdom}} ''Spojené království'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | English |
|||
| [[Edinburgh]] |
|||
| Edinburk |
|||
|- |
|||
| London |
|||
| Londýn |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Uzbekistan}} ''Uzbekistán'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Uzbekistan}} ''Uzbekistán'' |
||
Line 1,051: | Line 1,053: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist |refs= |
{{reflist |refs= |
||
<ref name="Radio Prague"> |
<ref name="Radio Prague">{{cite web|url=http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120323143425/http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-date=23 March 2012|title=It's all Greek to me|work=[[Radio Prague]] transcript|date=18 June 1999}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 1,058: | Line 1,060: | ||
[[Category:Czech language]] |
[[Category:Czech language]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Lists of exonyms]] |
||
[[cs:Seznam českých exonym]] |
Latest revision as of 08:53, 11 April 2024
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
Notes
- ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me". Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.