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{{for multi|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of places in Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2023}} |
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The following is a list of '''Czech exonyms''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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[[Exonym]]s should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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The following is a list of '''Czech [[exonym]]s''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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Exonyms should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=90% |
{| class=wikitable width=90% |
||
! Language |
! Language |
||
! |
! English or native name |
||
! Czech exonym |
! Czech exonym |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Albania}} ''Albánie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] |
||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
| Skadar |
| Skadar |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Algeria}} ''Alžírsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
| Oran |
| Oran |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Armenia}} ''Arménie'' |
||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] |
|||
| [[Vagharshapat, Armenia|Էջմիաժին (Echmiadzin)]] |
|||
| Ečmiadzin |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Yerevan|Երեւան (Erevan)]] |
|||
| Jerevan |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Austria}} ''Rakousko''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as [[Raabs an der Thaya|Raabs]]. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it ''Rakuš'' or ''Rakus'', which eventually became ''Rakousko''."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
Line 36: | Line 45: | ||
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria]] |
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Azerbaijan}} ''Ázerbájdžán'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] |
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] |
||
Line 42: | Line 51: | ||
| Baku |
| Baku |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Belarus}} ''Bělorusko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
||
| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
||
| |
| Hrodno |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
||
Line 57: | Line 66: | ||
| Zaslav, Záslaví |
| Zaslav, Záslaví |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Belgium}} ''Belgie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[French language|French]] – [[Dutch language|Dutch]] |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[French language|French]] – [[Dutch language|Dutch]] |
||
Line 75: | Line 84: | ||
| Lutych |
| Lutych |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ''Bosna a Hercegovina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
||
Line 81: | Line 90: | ||
| Bihač |
| Bihač |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|China}} ''Čína'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Mandarin Chinese language|Mandarin Chinese]] – [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] |
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Mandarin Chinese language|Mandarin Chinese]] – [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] |
||
Line 90: | Line 99: | ||
| Kanton |
| Kanton |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 ( |
| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 (Hārbīn/Cha-er-pin)]] |
||
| Charbin |
| Charbin |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 105: | Line 114: | ||
| Šanghaj |
| Šanghaj |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
||
| [[Abidjan]] |
|||
| Abidžan |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|18px]] Croatia ''Chorvatsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
|||
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
||
| Dubrovník |
| Dubrovník |
||
Line 122: | Line 125: | ||
| [[Šibenik]] |
| [[Šibenik]] |
||
| Šibeník |
| Šibeník |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Varaždin]] |
|||
| Varaždín |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zagreb]] |
| [[Zagreb]] |
||
| Záhřeb |
| Záhřeb |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Cuba}} ''Kuba'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| Spanish |
||
| [[Havana|La Habana]] |
| [[Havana|La Habana]] |
||
| Havana |
| Havana |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Cyprus}} ''Kypr'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Greek language|Greek]] – [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
| [[Greek language|Greek]] – [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
||
Line 138: | Line 144: | ||
| Nikósie |
| Nikósie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Denmark}} ''Dánsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Danish language|Danish]] |
| [[Danish language|Danish]] |
||
Line 144: | Line 150: | ||
| Kodaň |
| Kodaň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Egypt}} ''Egypt'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja)]] |
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja)]] |
||
| Alexandrie |
| Alexandrie |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Cairo]] |
|||
| Káhira |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka)]] |
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka)]] |
||
Line 159: | Line 168: | ||
| Suez |
| Suez |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Estonia}} ''Estonsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
||
Line 165: | Line 174: | ||
| Pernava |
| Pernava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Finland}} ''Finsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Finnish language|Finnish]] – [[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
| [[Finnish language|Finnish]] – [[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
||
Line 171: | Line 180: | ||
| Helsinky |
| Helsinky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|France}} ''Francie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=6 align=top | [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
||
| Kresčak |
| Kresčak |
||
Line 182: | Line 191: | ||
| [[Metz]] |
| [[Metz]] |
||
| Mety |
| Mety |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Mulhouse]] |
|||
| Mylhúzy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Paris]] |
| [[Paris]] |
||
Line 195: | Line 201: | ||
| Štrasburk |
| Štrasburk |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ghana}} ''Ghana'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| English |
||
| [[Accra]] |
| [[Accra]] |
||
| Akkra |
| Akkra |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Germany}} ''Německo''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|"This comes from the Czech adjective ''němý'', which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|18px]] Germany ''Německo'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
Line 207: | Line 213: | ||
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany]] |
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Greece}} ''Řecko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Greek language|Greek]] |
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Greek language|Greek]] |
||
Line 222: | Line 228: | ||
| Janina |
| Janina |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/ |
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Piraeus)]] |
||
| Pireus |
| Pireus |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 231: | Line 237: | ||
| Théby |
| Théby |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Hungary}} ''Maďarsko''{{#tag:ref|'''Uhersko''' is an archaic name for Hungary.<ref name="Radio Prague"/> It can still be seen used in places such as [[Uherské Hradiště]] and [[Uherský Brod]] in Moravia.|group="nb"}} |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|18px]] Hungary ''Maďarsko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |
||
| [[Budapest]] |
| [[Budapest]], Buda |
||
| Budapešť |
| Budapešť, Budín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Debrecen]] |
| [[Debrecen]] |
||
Line 273: | Line 279: | ||
| Kamenec |
| Kamenec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|India}} ''Indie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] – |
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] – English |
||
| [[Ahmedabad|અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád)]] – [[Ahmedabad]] |
| [[Ahmedabad|અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád)]] – [[Ahmedabad]] |
||
| Ahmadábád |
| Ahmadábád |
||
Line 283: | Line 289: | ||
| Kalkata |
| Kalkata |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] – |
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] – English |
||
| [[Mumbai|मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí)]] – [[Mumbai]] |
| [[Mumbai|मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí)]] – [[Mumbai]] |
||
| Bombaj |
| Bombaj |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] – |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] – English |
||
| [[New Delhi|नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí)]] – [[New Delhi]] |
| [[New Delhi|नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí)]] – [[New Delhi]] |
||
| Nové Dillí |
| Nové Dillí |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
||
| Varanásí |
|||
| Benáres |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
|||
| [[Indonesian language|Bahasa Indonesia]] |
|||
| [[Jakarta]] |
|||
| Džakarta |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|18px]] Israel ''Izrael'' |
|||
| [[Haifa|חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)]] – [[Haifa|حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá)]] |
|||
| Haifa |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Jaffa|יפו (Yafo/Jafo)]] - [[Jaffa|ݐافا (Yāfā/Yáfá)]] |
|||
| Jaffa |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| [[Jerusalem|ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)]] – [[Jerusalem|القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds)]] |
| [[Jerusalem|ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)]] – [[Jerusalem|القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds)]] |
||
| Jeruzalém |
| Jeruzalém |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Haifa|חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)]] – [[Haifa|حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá)]] |
|||
| Haifa |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nazareth|נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)]] – [[Nazareth|الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira)]] |
| [[Nazareth|נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)]] – [[Nazareth|الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira)]] |
||
Line 315: | Line 320: | ||
| Tiberias |
| Tiberias |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Iraq}} ''Irák'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] |
||
Line 321: | Line 326: | ||
| Mosul |
| Mosul |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Italy}} ''Itálie''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|'''Vlašsko''' is an archaic name for Italy.<ref name="Radio Prague"/> It can still be seen used in places such as the [[Italian Court]] ''(Vlašský dvůr)'' in Kutná Hora.|group="nb"}} |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|18px]] Italy ''Itálie'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Italian language|Italian]] |
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Italian language|Italian]] |
||
Line 327: | Line 332: | ||
| Boloňa |
| Boloňa |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Florence |
| [[Florence]] (Italian: ''Firenze'') |
||
| Florencie |
| Florencie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Genoa |
| [[Genoa]] ''(Genova)'' |
||
| Janov |
| Janov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 336: | Line 341: | ||
| Gorice |
| Gorice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Milan]] |
| [[Milan]] ''(Milano)'' |
||
| Milán |
| Milán |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Naples |
| [[Naples]] ''(Napoli)'' |
||
| Neapol |
| Neapol |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 345: | Line 350: | ||
| Pompeje |
| Pompeje |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Rome |
| [[Rome]] ''(Roma)'' |
||
| Řím |
| Řím |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Syracuse, Sicily| |
| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
||
| Syrakusy |
|||
| Syrakúsy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turin |
| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
||
| Turín |
| Turín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 360: | Line 365: | ||
| Terst |
| Terst |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
||
| Benátky |
| Benátky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ivory Coast}} ''Pobřeží slonoviny'' |
||
|- |
|||
| [[French language|French]] |
|||
| [[Abidjan]] |
|||
| Abidžan |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] |
||
Line 369: | Line 380: | ||
| Tokio |
| Tokio |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Laos}} ''Laos'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lao language|Lao]] |
| [[Lao language|Lao]] |
||
Line 375: | Line 386: | ||
| Vientiane |
| Vientiane |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lebanon}} ''Libanon'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[French language|French]] |
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[French language|French]] |
||
Line 381: | Line 392: | ||
| Bejrút |
| Bejrút |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Libya}} ''Libye'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Tripoli|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
| [[Tripoli, Libya|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
||
| Tripolis |
| Tripolis |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lithuania}} ''Litva'' |
||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
|||
| [[Kaunas]] |
|||
| Kovno |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
|||
| [[Klaipėda]] |
| [[Klaipėda]] |
||
| Klajpeda |
| Klajpeda |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Šiauliai]] |
|||
| Šavle |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Trakai]] |
| [[Trakai]] |
||
| Troky |
| Troky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Luxembourg}} ''Lucembursko'' |
|||
| [[Vilnius]] |
|||
| Vilno |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|18px]] Luxembourg ''Lucembursko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
Line 411: | Line 413: | ||
| Kostelec |
| Kostelec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Romanian language| |
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Chișinău]] |
||
| Kišiněv |
| Kišiněv |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Montenegro}} ''Černá Hora'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] |
| [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] |
||
Line 423: | Line 425: | ||
| Nikšič |
| Nikšič |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Morocco}} ''Maroko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
Line 441: | Line 443: | ||
| Tanger |
| Tanger |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Pakistan}} ''Pákistán'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] – English |
||
| [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] |
|||
| Groninky |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|18px]] Pakistan ''Pákistán'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] – [[English language|English]] |
|||
| [[Quetta|کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta)]] – [[Quetta]] |
| [[Quetta|کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta)]] – [[Quetta]] |
||
| Kvéta |
| Kvéta |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Palestine}} ''Palestina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] |
||
| [[Bethlehem|بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)]] – [[Bethlehem|בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem)]] |
| [[Bethlehem|بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)]] – [[Bethlehem|בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem)]] |
||
| Betlém |
| Betlém |
||
Line 461: | Line 457: | ||
| [[Hebron|الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)]] – [[Hebron|חברון (Hevron/Chevron)]] |
| [[Hebron|الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)]] – [[Hebron|חברון (Hevron/Chevron)]] |
||
| Hebron |
| Hebron |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Jericho|ٲرݐحا (Arīhā/Aríhá)]] - [[Jericho|יריחו (Yeriho)]] |
|||
| Jericho |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nablus|نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)]] – [[Nablus|שכם (Shkhem/Šchem)]] |
| [[Nablus|نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)]] – [[Nablus|שכם (Shkhem/Šchem)]] |
||
Line 468: | Line 467: | ||
| Ramalláh |
| Ramalláh |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Poland}} ''Polsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=96 align=top | [[Polish language|Polish]] |
||
| [[Białogard]] |
| [[Białogard]] |
||
| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
||
Line 479: | Line 478: | ||
| [[Baborów]] |
| [[Baborów]] |
||
| Bavorov |
| Bavorov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Bogdanowice]] |
|||
| Bohdanovice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bolesławiec]] |
| [[Bolesławiec]] |
||
Line 497: | Line 499: | ||
| [[Chełmża]] |
| [[Chełmża]] |
||
| Chlumže |
| Chlumže |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Chomiąża, Opole Voivodeship|Chomiąża]] |
|||
| Chomýž |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chorzów]] |
| [[Chorzów]] |
||
Line 541: | Line 546: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Inowrocław]] |
| [[Inowrocław]] |
||
| Mladá Vratislav |
| Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jawor]] |
| [[Jawor]] |
||
Line 547: | Line 552: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
||
| |
| Jelení Hora |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Katowice]] |
| [[Katowice]] |
||
| Katovice |
| Katovice |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Katyn|Katyń]] |
|||
| Katyň |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
||
| Kandřín-Kozlí |
| Kandřín-Kozlí |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Kietrz]] |
|||
| Ketř |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kłodzko]] |
| [[Kłodzko]] |
||
Line 575: | Line 580: | ||
| [[Kraków]] |
| [[Kraków]] |
||
| Krakov |
| Krakov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Krasne Pole, Głubczyce County|Krasne Pole]] |
|||
| Krásne Loučky |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kudowa-Zdrój]] |
| [[Kudowa-Zdrój]] |
||
| Lázně Chudoba |
| Lázně Chudoba |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lądek |
| [[Lądek-Zdrój]] |
||
| Lázně Landek |
| Lázně Landek |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 587: | Line 595: | ||
| [[Legnica]] |
| [[Legnica]] |
||
| Lehnice |
| Lehnice |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Lewice, Opole Voivodeship|Lewice]] |
|||
| Levice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lidzbark Warmiński]] |
| [[Lidzbark Warmiński]] |
||
| Lizberk |
| Lizberk |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Lisięcice]] |
|||
| Lištice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Łódź]] |
| [[Łódź]] |
||
Line 602: | Line 616: | ||
| [[Myślibórz]] |
| [[Myślibórz]] |
||
| Mysliboř |
| Mysliboř |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Nowa Cerekwia]] |
|||
| Nová Cerekev |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nowa Ruda]] |
| [[Nowa Ruda]] |
||
Line 620: | Line 637: | ||
| [[Olsztyn]] |
| [[Olsztyn]] |
||
| Olštýn |
| Olštýn |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Opawica, Poland|Opawica]] |
|||
| Opavice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Opole]] |
| [[Opole]] |
||
Line 629: | Line 649: | ||
| [[Paczków]] |
| [[Paczków]] |
||
| Pačkov |
| Pačkov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Pielgrzymów]] |
|||
| Pelhřimovy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Poznań]] |
| [[Poznań]] |
||
| Poznaň |
| Poznaň |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Prudnik]] |
|||
| Prudník |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Pszczyna]] |
| [[Pszczyna]] |
||
Line 698: | Line 724: | ||
| [[Warta, Poland|Warta]] |
| [[Warta, Poland|Warta]] |
||
| Varta |
| Varta |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Włodzienin]] |
|||
| Vladěnín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wojnowice, Opole Voivodeship|Wojnowice]] |
|||
| Vojanovice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Wolin (town)|Wolin]] |
| [[Wolin (town)|Wolin]] |
||
Line 723: | Line 755: | ||
| Rychleby |
| Rychleby |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Portugal}} ''Portugalsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
||
Line 729: | Line 761: | ||
| Lisabon |
| Lisabon |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Romania}} ''Rumunsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=29 align=top | [[Romanian language|Românian]] |
| rowspan=29 align=top | [[Romanian language|Românian]] |
||
Line 741: | Line 773: | ||
| Berzáska |
| Berzáska |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Bistrița]] |
||
| Bystřice |
| Bystřice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Botoșani]] |
||
| Botušany |
| Botušany |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 750: | Line 782: | ||
| Božovice |
| Božovice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Brașov]] |
||
| Brašov |
| Brašov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bucharest| |
| [[Bucharest|București]] |
||
| Bukurešť |
| Bukurešť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 759: | Line 791: | ||
| Kluž |
| Kluž |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Constanța]] |
||
| Konstanca |
| Konstanca |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 765: | Line 797: | ||
| Krajova |
| Krajova |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Eșelnița]] |
||
| Ješelnice |
| Ješelnice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Galați]] |
||
| Galac |
| Galac |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Iablanița]] |
||
| Jablonice |
| Jablonice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Iași]] |
||
| Jasy |
| Jasy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 783: | Line 815: | ||
| Velký Varadín |
| Velký Varadín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Oravița]] |
||
| Oravice |
| Oravice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Orșova]] |
||
| Oršava |
| Oršava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Pitești]] |
||
| Pitešť |
| Pitešť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Ploiești]] |
||
| Ploješť |
| Ploješť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Reșița]] |
||
| Rešice |
| Rešice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 801: | Line 833: | ||
| Sibiň |
| Sibiň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sighetu |
| [[Sighetu Marmației]] |
||
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Sighișoara]] |
||
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Șopotu Nou]] |
||
| Bušava |
| Bušava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 813: | Line 845: | ||
| Sučava |
| Sučava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Svinița]] |
||
| Svinice |
| Svinice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Timișoara]] |
||
| Temešvár |
| Temešvár |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Russian language|Russian]] |
||
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
||
| Královec |
| Kaliningrad, Královec |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Moscow|Москва (Moskva)]] |
|||
| Moskva |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
||
Line 832: | Line 867: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk)]] |
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk)]] |
||
| Tylže |
| Sovětsk/Tylže |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Saudi Arabia}} ''Saúdská Arábie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
Line 843: | Line 878: | ||
| Mekka |
| Mekka |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] |
||
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
||
| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Novi Sad|Нови Сад, Novi Sad]] |
|||
| Nový Sad |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
||
Line 858: | Line 890: | ||
| Sremské Karlovce |
| Sremské Karlovce |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] |
||
| [[Kranj]] |
| [[Kranj]] |
||
| Kraň |
| Kraň |
||
Line 867: | Line 899: | ||
| Lublaň |
| Lublaň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
|||
| [[Nova Gorica]] |
|||
| Gorice |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|18px]] Somalia ''Somálsko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Somali language|Somali]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Somali language|Somali]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
Line 879: | Line 908: | ||
| Hargeysa |
| Hargeysa |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|South Africa}} ''Jihoafrická republika'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| English – [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] |
||
| [[Cape Town]] – [[Cape Town|Kaapstad]] |
| [[Cape Town]] – [[Cape Town|Kaapstad]] |
||
| Kapské Město |
| Kapské Město |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Spain}} ''Španělsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| Spanish – [[Catalan language|Catalan]] |
||
| [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] – [[Valencia, Spain|València]] |
| [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] – [[Valencia, Spain|València]] |
||
| Valencie |
| Valencie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Switzerland}} ''Švýcarsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[German language|German]] – [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
||
| Basilej |
| Basilej |
||
Line 899: | Line 928: | ||
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
||
| Ženeva |
| Ženeva |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Schaffhausen]] – [[Schaffhausen|Schaffhouse]] |
|||
| Šafhúsy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
||
Line 912: | Line 938: | ||
| Curych |
| Curych |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Syria}} ''Sýrie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
Line 918: | Line 944: | ||
| Damašek |
| Damašek |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Thailand}} ''Thajsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Thai language|Thai]] |
| [[Thai language|Thai]] |
||
Line 924: | Line 950: | ||
| Bangkok |
| Bangkok |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Istanbul|İstanbul]] |
||
| Istanbul |
|||
| Drinopol |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[İstanbul]] |
|||
| Konstantinopol, Cařihrad |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[İzmir]] |
| [[İzmir]] |
||
Line 939: | Line 962: | ||
| Nikaia |
| Nikaia |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkmenistan}} ''Turkmenistán'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] |
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] |
||
Line 945: | Line 968: | ||
| Ašchabad |
| Ašchabad |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ukraine}} ''Ukrajina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=16 align=top | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
||
| [[Dnipro|Дніпро (Dnipro)]] |
|||
| [[Dnipropetrovsk|Дніпропетровськ (Dnipropetrovsk)]] |
|||
| Dnipro |
|||
| Dněpropetrovsk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Cherkasy|Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy)]] |
||
| Čerkasy |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chernihiv|Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv)]] |
| [[Chernihiv|Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv)]] |
||
| Černigov, Černihov |
| Černigov, Černihov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Chernivtsi|Чернівці (Chernivtsi/Černivci)]] |
|||
| Černovice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chernobyl|Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl)]] |
| [[Chernobyl|Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl)]] |
||
| Černobyl |
| Černobyl |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Kharkiv|Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv)]] |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kherson|Херсон (Kherson)]] |
|||
| Cherson |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Khotyn|Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn)]] |
| [[Khotyn|Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn)]] |
||
| Chotim |
| Chotim |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Kyiv|Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv)]] |
||
| Kyjev |
| Kyjev |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Kremenchuk|Кременчук (Kremenchuk)]] |
|||
| Kremenčuk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih)]] |
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih)]] |
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Line 975: | Line 1,010: | ||
| Novgorod Severský |
| Novgorod Severský |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Volodymyr |
| [[Volodymyr (city)|Володимир (Volodymyr)]] |
||
| Volodymyr |
|||
| Vladimir Volyňský |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
||
| Záporoží |
| Záporoží |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zhytomyr|Житомир (Zhytomyr)]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|18px]] United States ''Spojené státy americké'' |
|||
| Žytomyr |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United Kingdom}} ''Spojené království'' |
|||
| [[English language|English]] |
|||
| [[Philadelphia]] |
|||
| Filadelfie |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|18px]] United Kingdom ''Spojené království'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[English language|English]] |
|||
| [[Edinburgh]] |
|||
| Edinburk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| | English |
|||
| [[London]] |
| [[London]] |
||
| Londýn |
| Londýn |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United States}} ''Spojené státy americké'' |
||
|- |
|||
| | English |
|||
| [[Philadelphia]] |
|||
| Filadelfie |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Uzbekistan}} ''Uzbekistán'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] |
| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] |
||
Line 1,002: | Line 1,037: | ||
| Taškent |
| Taškent |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Vietnam}} ''Vietnam'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |
||
Line 1,012: | Line 1,047: | ||
! Czech exonym |
! Czech exonym |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|group="nb"}} |
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==References== |
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{{reflist |refs= |
|||
<ref name="Radio Prague">{{cite web|url=http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120323143425/http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-date=23 March 2012|title=It's all Greek to me|work=[[Radio Prague]] transcript|date=18 June 1999}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Line 1,017: | Line 1,060: | ||
[[Category:Czech language]] |
[[Category:Czech language]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Lists of exonyms]] |
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[[cs:Seznam českých exonym]] |
Latest revision as of 08:53, 11 April 2024
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
Notes
- ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me". Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.