give true native names, along with both English and Czech transliteration, so that the comparison is meaningful |
removing Jakarta |
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{{for|exonyms in the [[ |
{{for multi|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of places in Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2023}} |
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{{for|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of Czech exonyms for places in the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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The following is a list of '''Czech exonyms''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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[[Exonym]]s should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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The following is a list of '''Czech [[exonym]]s''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech orthography|spelling]] rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use. |
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Exonyms should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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Line 10: | Line 9: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=90% |
{| class=wikitable width=90% |
||
! Language |
! Language |
||
! |
! English or native name |
||
! Czech exonym |
! Czech exonym |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Albania}} ''Albánie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] |
||
Line 22: | Line 21: | ||
| Skadar |
| Skadar |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Algeria}} ''Alžírsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Algiers|الجزائر ( |
| [[Algiers|الجزائر (al-Jazā'ir/al-Džazá'ir)]] |
||
| Alžír |
| Alžír |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 31: | Line 30: | ||
| Oran |
| Oran |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Armenia}} ''Arménie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] |
||
| [[Vagharshapat, Armenia|Էջմիաժին (Echmiadzin)]] |
|||
| [[Bad Aussee]] |
|||
| Ečmiadzin |
|||
| Uže |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Yerevan|Երեւան (Erevan)]] |
|||
| [[Badgastein]] |
|||
| |
| Jerevan |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Austria}} ''Rakousko''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as [[Raabs an der Thaya|Raabs]]. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it ''Rakuš'' or ''Rakus'', which eventually became ''Rakousko''."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
|||
| [[Bludenz]] |
|||
| Bludenec |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
| |
|||
| Brunov |
|||
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Azerbaijan}} ''Ázerbájdžán'' |
|||
| [[Bregenz]] |
|||
| Brežnice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bruck an der Leitha]] |
|||
| Most nad Litavou |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bruck an der Mur]] |
|||
| Most nad Murou |
|||
|- |
|||
| Deutsch Hörschlag |
|||
| Německý Heršlák |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Deutschlandsberg]] |
|||
| Lonč |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Deutsch Wagram]] |
|||
| Německý Ogrun |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Drosendorf-Zissersdorf]] |
|||
| Drozdov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Dürnkrut]] |
|||
| Suché Kruty |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Eisenstadt]] |
|||
| Železné Město |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Eggenburg]] |
|||
| Eggenburk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Enns]] |
|||
| Enže |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Freistadt]] |
|||
| Cáchlav |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Geras]] |
|||
| Jerus |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gmünd]] |
|||
| Cmunt |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Graz]] |
|||
| Štýrský Hradec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Groß-Siegharts]] |
|||
| Velké Sighartice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Heidenreichstein]] |
|||
| Kamýk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Hardegg]] |
|||
| Hardek |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Höflein an der Hohen Wand]] |
|||
| Horní Hevlín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Hohenau]] |
|||
| Cáhnov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Horn]] |
|||
| Rohy |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Innsbruck]] |
|||
| Insbruk, Inšpruk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Klagenfurt]] |
|||
| Celovec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Krems]] |
|||
| Kremže |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Laa an der Thaya]] |
|||
| Lava nad Dyjí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Leibniz]] |
|||
| Lipnice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Linz]] |
|||
| Linec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Litschau]] |
|||
| Líčov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Matzen]] |
|||
| Macno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Neusiedl am See]] |
|||
| Nezider |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf|Niederabsdorf]] |
|||
| Dolní Opatov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Poysdorf]] |
|||
| Pušdorf |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Raabs an der Thaya]] |
|||
| Rakousy nad Dyjí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Retz]] |
|||
| Reteč |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf|Ringelsdorf]] |
|||
| Střezník |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Salzburg]] |
|||
| Salcburk, Solnohrad |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sankt Pölten]] |
|||
| Svatý Hippolyt |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Schrems]] |
|||
| Skřemelice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Schwarzenau]] |
|||
| Švarcenava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Spittal an der Drau]] |
|||
| Špitál nad Drávou |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Stockerau]] |
|||
| Štokrava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Steyr]] |
|||
| Štýr |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Traun]] |
|||
| Travna |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Unserfrau-Altweitra]] |
|||
| Stará Vitoraz |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Vienna|Wien]] |
|||
| Vídeň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Villach]] |
|||
| Bělák |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Völkermarkt]] |
|||
| Velikovec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Waidhofen an der Thaya]] |
|||
| Bejdov nad Dyjí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Waidhofen an der Ybbs]] |
|||
| Bejdov nad Ybbsem |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Weitra]] |
|||
| Vitoraz |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wiener Neudorf]] |
|||
| Vídeňská Nová Ves |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wiener Neustadt]] |
|||
| Vídeňské Nové Město |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ybbs]] |
|||
| Jivice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zistersdorf]] |
|||
| Čistějov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zwettl]] |
|||
| Světlá |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|18px]] Azerbaijan ''Ázerbájdžán'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] |
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] |
||
Line 217: | Line 51: | ||
| Baku |
| Baku |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Belarus}} ''Bělorusko'' |
||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
|||
| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
|||
| Hrodno |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
|||
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
||
| Novogrodek |
| Novogrodek |
||
Line 229: | Line 66: | ||
| Zaslav, Záslaví |
| Zaslav, Záslaví |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Belgium}} ''Belgie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[French language|French]] – [[Dutch language|Dutch]] |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[French language|French]] – [[Dutch language|Dutch]] |
||
| [[Antwerp|Anvers]] – [[Antwerp |
| [[Antwerp|Anvers]] – [[Antwerp]]en |
||
| Antverpy |
| Antverpy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 247: | Line 84: | ||
| Lutych |
| Lutych |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ''Bosna a Hercegovina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
||
Line 253: | Line 90: | ||
| Bihač |
| Bihač |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|China}} ''Čína'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Mandarin Chinese language|Mandarin Chinese]] – [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] |
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Mandarin Chinese language|Mandarin Chinese]] – [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] |
||
Line 262: | Line 99: | ||
| Kanton |
| Kanton |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 ( |
| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 (Hārbīn/Cha-er-pin)]] |
||
| Charbin |
| Charbin |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kashgar|喀什 (Kāshí/Kcha-š')]] – [[Kashgar|قەشقەر (Qeshqer)]] |
| [[Kashgar|喀什 (Kāshí/Kcha-š')]] – [[Kashgar|قەشقەر (Qeshqer/Kešker)]] |
||
| Kašgar |
| Kašgar |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 277: | Line 114: | ||
| Šanghaj |
| Šanghaj |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
||
| [[Abidjan]] |
|||
| Abidžan |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|18px]] Croatia ''Chorvatsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
|||
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
||
| Dubrovník |
| Dubrovník |
||
Line 294: | Line 125: | ||
| [[Šibenik]] |
| [[Šibenik]] |
||
| Šibeník |
| Šibeník |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Varaždin]] |
|||
| Varaždín |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zagreb]] |
| [[Zagreb]] |
||
| Záhřeb |
| Záhřeb |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Cuba}} ''Kuba'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| Spanish |
||
| [[Havana|La Habana]] |
| [[Havana|La Habana]] |
||
| Havana |
| Havana |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Cyprus}} ''Kypr'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Greek language|Greek]] – [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
| [[Greek language|Greek]] – [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
||
Line 310: | Line 144: | ||
| Nikósie |
| Nikósie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Denmark}} ''Dánsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Danish language|Danish]] |
| [[Danish language|Danish]] |
||
Line 316: | Line 150: | ||
| Kodaň |
| Kodaň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Egypt}} ''Egypt'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية ( |
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja)]] |
||
| Alexandrie |
| Alexandrie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Cairo]] |
|||
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (Al-Ghardaqah/Al-Ghardaka)]] |
|||
| Káhira |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka)]] |
|||
| Hurghada |
| Hurghada |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Luxor|الأقصر ( |
| [[Luxor|الأقصر (al-Uqṣur/al-Uksur)]] |
||
| Luxor |
| Luxor |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Suez|السويس ( |
| [[Suez|السويس (as-Suways/as-Suwajs)]] |
||
| Suez |
| Suez |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Estonia}} ''Estonsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
||
Line 337: | Line 174: | ||
| Pernava |
| Pernava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Finland}} ''Finsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Finnish language|Finnish]] – [[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
| [[Finnish language|Finnish]] – [[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
||
Line 343: | Line 180: | ||
| Helsinky |
| Helsinky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|France}} ''Francie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=6 align=top | [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
||
| Kresčak |
| Kresčak |
||
Line 354: | Line 191: | ||
| [[Metz]] |
| [[Metz]] |
||
| Mety |
| Mety |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Mulhouse]] |
|||
| Mylhúzy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Paris]] |
| [[Paris]] |
||
Line 367: | Line 201: | ||
| Štrasburk |
| Štrasburk |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ghana}} ''Ghana'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| English |
||
| [[Accra]] |
| [[Accra]] |
||
| Akkra |
| Akkra |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Germany}} ''Německo''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|"This comes from the Czech adjective ''němý'', which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|18px]] Germany ''Německo'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
| |
|||
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany]] |
|||
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany]] |
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Greece}} ''Řecko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Greek language|Greek]] |
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Greek language|Greek]] |
||
Line 394: | Line 228: | ||
| Janina |
| Janina |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/ |
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Piraeus)]] |
||
| Pireus |
| Pireus |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 403: | Line 237: | ||
| Théby |
| Théby |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Hungary}} ''Maďarsko''{{#tag:ref|'''Uhersko''' is an archaic name for Hungary.<ref name="Radio Prague"/> It can still be seen used in places such as [[Uherské Hradiště]] and [[Uherský Brod]] in Moravia.|group="nb"}} |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|18px]] Hungary ''Maďarsko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |
||
| [[Budapest]] |
| [[Budapest]], Buda |
||
| Budapešť |
| Budapešť, Budín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Debrecen]] |
| [[Debrecen]] |
||
Line 445: | Line 279: | ||
| Kamenec |
| Kamenec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|India}} ''Indie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] – |
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] – English |
||
| [[Ahmedabad|અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád)]] – [[Ahmedabad]] |
| [[Ahmedabad|અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád)]] – [[Ahmedabad]] |
||
| Ahmadábád |
| Ahmadábád |
||
Line 455: | Line 289: | ||
| Kalkata |
| Kalkata |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] – |
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] – English |
||
| [[Mumbai|मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí)]] – [[Mumbai]] |
| [[Mumbai|मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí)]] – [[Mumbai]] |
||
| Bombaj |
| Bombaj |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] – |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] – English |
||
| [[New Delhi|नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí)]] – [[New Delhi]] |
| [[New Delhi|नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí)]] – [[New Delhi]] |
||
| Nové Dillí |
| Nové Dillí |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
||
| Varanásí |
|||
| Benáres |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
|||
| [[Indonesian language|Bahasa Indonesia]] |
|||
| [[Jakarta]] |
|||
| Džakarta |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|18px]] Israel ''Izrael'' |
|||
| [[Haifa|חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)]] – [[Haifa|حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá)]] |
|||
| Haifa |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jaffa|יפו (Yafo/Jafo)]] - [[Jaffa|ݐافا (Yāfā/Yáfá)]] |
|||
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| Jaffa |
|||
| [[Jerusalem|Yerushaláyim]] – [[Jerusalem|Al-Quds]] |
|||
| Jeruzalém |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jerusalem|ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)]] – [[Jerusalem|القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds)]] |
|||
| [[Haifa|Cheifa]] – [[Haifa|Ħayfā]] |
|||
| Jeruzalém |
|||
| Haifa |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nazareth|Natzrát]] – [[Nazareth| |
| [[Nazareth|נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)]] – [[Nazareth|الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira)]] |
||
| Nazaret |
| Nazaret |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Tiberias|Tverya]] – [[Tiberias| |
| [[Tiberias|טבריה (Tverya/Tverja)]] – [[Tiberias|طبرية (Ṭabariyyah/Tabarija)]] |
||
| Tiberias |
|||
| Tiberiada |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Iraq}} ''Irák'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] |
||
| [[Mosul|Mawsil]] – [[Mosul|Mûsil]] |
| [[Mosul|الموصل (al-Mawsil/al-Mausíl)]] – [[Mosul|Mûsil]] |
||
| Mosul |
| Mosul |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Italy}} ''Itálie''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|'''Vlašsko''' is an archaic name for Italy.<ref name="Radio Prague"/> It can still be seen used in places such as the [[Italian Court]] ''(Vlašský dvůr)'' in Kutná Hora.|group="nb"}} |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|18px]] Italy ''Itálie'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Italian language|Italian]] |
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Italian language|Italian]] |
||
Line 499: | Line 332: | ||
| Boloňa |
| Boloňa |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Florence |
| [[Florence]] (Italian: ''Firenze'') |
||
| Florencie |
| Florencie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Genoa |
| [[Genoa]] ''(Genova)'' |
||
| Janov |
| Janov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 508: | Line 341: | ||
| Gorice |
| Gorice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Milan |
| [[Milan]] ''(Milano)'' |
||
| Milán |
| Milán |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Naples |
| [[Naples]] ''(Napoli)'' |
||
| Neapol |
| Neapol |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 517: | Line 350: | ||
| Pompeje |
| Pompeje |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Rome |
| [[Rome]] ''(Roma)'' |
||
| Řím |
| Řím |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
|||
| [[Siracusa]] |
|||
| Syrakusy |
| Syrakusy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turin |
| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
||
| Turín |
| Turín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 532: | Line 365: | ||
| Terst |
| Terst |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
||
| Benátky |
| Benátky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ivory Coast}} ''Pobřeží slonoviny'' |
||
|- |
|||
| [[French language|French]] |
|||
| [[Abidjan]] |
|||
| Abidžan |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] |
||
| [[Tokyo|Tōkyō]] |
| [[Tokyo|東京 (Tōkyō/Tókjó)]] |
||
| Tokio |
| Tokio |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Laos}} ''Laos'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lao language|Lao]] |
| [[Lao language|Lao]] |
||
| [[Vientiane|Viang- |
| [[Vientiane|ວຽງຈັນ (Viang-chan/?)]] |
||
| Vientiane |
| Vientiane |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lebanon}} ''Libanon'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[French language|French]] |
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Beirut|Bayrūt]] – [[Beirut|Beyrouth]] |
| [[Beirut|بيروت (Bayrūt/Bajrút)]] – [[Beirut|Beyrouth]] |
||
| Bejrút |
| Bejrút |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Libya}} ''Libye'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Tripoli| |
| [[Tripoli, Libya|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
||
| Tripolis |
| Tripolis |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lithuania}} ''Litva'' |
||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
|||
| [[Kaunas]] |
|||
| Kovno |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
|||
| [[Klaipėda]] |
| [[Klaipėda]] |
||
| Klajpeda |
| Klajpeda |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Šiauliai]] |
|||
| Šavle |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Trakai]] |
| [[Trakai]] |
||
| Troky |
| Troky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Luxembourg}} ''Lucembursko'' |
|||
| [[Vilnius]] |
|||
| Vilno |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|18px]] Luxembourg ''Lucembursko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
Line 583: | Line 413: | ||
| Kostelec |
| Kostelec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Romanian language| |
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Chișinău]] |
||
| Kišiněv |
| Kišiněv |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Montenegro}} ''Černá Hora'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] |
| [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] |
||
Line 595: | Line 425: | ||
| Nikšič |
| Nikšič |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Morocco}} ''Maroko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fes|فاس (Fās/Fás)]] |
||
| |
| Fez |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Meknes| |
| [[Meknes|مكناس (Maknās/Maknás)]] |
||
| Meknes |
| Meknes |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Marrakech|Murrākush]] |
| [[Marrakech|مراكش (Murrākush/Murrákuš)]] |
||
| Marrákeš |
| Marrákeš |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Oujda|Wajda]] |
| [[Oujda|وجدة (Wajda/Wadžda)]] |
||
| |
| Udžda |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Tangiers| |
| [[Tangiers|طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža)]] |
||
| Tanger |
| Tanger |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Pakistan}} ''Pákistán'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] – English |
||
| [[Quetta|کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta)]] – [[Quetta]] |
|||
| [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]] |
|||
| Groninky |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|18px]] Pakistan ''Pákistán'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] – [[English language|English]] |
|||
| [[Quetta|Qüetta]] – [[Quetta]] |
|||
| Kvéta |
| Kvéta |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Palestine}} ''Palestina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] |
||
| [[Bethlehem|Bait Lahm]] – [[Bethlehem|Beit Lehem]] |
| [[Bethlehem|بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)]] – [[Bethlehem|בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem)]] |
||
| Betlém |
| Betlém |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Hebron|al-Khalīl]] – [[Hebron|Hevron]] |
| [[Hebron|الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)]] – [[Hebron|חברון (Hevron/Chevron)]] |
||
| Hebron |
| Hebron |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jericho|ٲرݐحا (Arīhā/Aríhá)]] - [[Jericho|יריחו (Yeriho)]] |
|||
| [[Nablus|Nāblus]] – [[Nablus|Šchem]] |
|||
| Jericho |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Nablus|نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)]] – [[Nablus|שכם (Shkhem/Šchem)]] |
|||
| Nábulus |
| Nábulus |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Ramallah| |
| [[Ramallah|رام الله (Rāmallāh/Rámalláh)]] |
||
| Ramalláh |
| Ramalláh |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Poland}} ''Polsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=96 align=top | [[Polish language|Polish]] |
||
| [[Białogard]] |
| [[Białogard]] |
||
| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
||
Line 651: | Line 478: | ||
| [[Baborów]] |
| [[Baborów]] |
||
| Bavorov |
| Bavorov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Bogdanowice]] |
|||
| Bohdanovice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bolesławiec]] |
| [[Bolesławiec]] |
||
Line 669: | Line 499: | ||
| [[Chełmża]] |
| [[Chełmża]] |
||
| Chlumže |
| Chlumže |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Chomiąża, Opole Voivodeship|Chomiąża]] |
|||
| Chomýž |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chorzów]] |
| [[Chorzów]] |
||
Line 713: | Line 546: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Inowrocław]] |
| [[Inowrocław]] |
||
| Mladá Vratislav |
| Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jawor]] |
| [[Jawor]] |
||
Line 723: | Line 556: | ||
| [[Katowice]] |
| [[Katowice]] |
||
| Katovice |
| Katovice |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Katyn|Katyń]] |
|||
| Katyň |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
||
| Kandřín-Kozlí |
| Kandřín-Kozlí |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Kietrz]] |
|||
| Ketř |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kłodzko]] |
| [[Kłodzko]] |
||
Line 747: | Line 580: | ||
| [[Kraków]] |
| [[Kraków]] |
||
| Krakov |
| Krakov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Krasne Pole, Głubczyce County|Krasne Pole]] |
|||
| Krásne Loučky |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kudowa-Zdrój]] |
| [[Kudowa-Zdrój]] |
||
| Lázně Chudoba |
| Lázně Chudoba |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lądek |
| [[Lądek-Zdrój]] |
||
| Lázně Landek |
| Lázně Landek |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 759: | Line 595: | ||
| [[Legnica]] |
| [[Legnica]] |
||
| Lehnice |
| Lehnice |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Lewice, Opole Voivodeship|Lewice]] |
|||
| Levice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lidzbark Warmiński]] |
| [[Lidzbark Warmiński]] |
||
| Lizberk |
| Lizberk |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Lisięcice]] |
|||
| Lištice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Łódź]] |
| [[Łódź]] |
||
Line 774: | Line 616: | ||
| [[Myślibórz]] |
| [[Myślibórz]] |
||
| Mysliboř |
| Mysliboř |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Nowa Cerekwia]] |
|||
| Nová Cerekev |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nowa Ruda]] |
| [[Nowa Ruda]] |
||
Line 792: | Line 637: | ||
| [[Olsztyn]] |
| [[Olsztyn]] |
||
| Olštýn |
| Olštýn |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Opawica, Poland|Opawica]] |
|||
| Opavice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Opole]] |
| [[Opole]] |
||
Line 801: | Line 649: | ||
| [[Paczków]] |
| [[Paczków]] |
||
| Pačkov |
| Pačkov |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Pielgrzymów]] |
|||
| Pelhřimovy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Poznań]] |
| [[Poznań]] |
||
| Poznaň |
| Poznaň |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Prudnik]] |
|||
| Prudník |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Pszczyna]] |
| [[Pszczyna]] |
||
Line 870: | Line 724: | ||
| [[Warta, Poland|Warta]] |
| [[Warta, Poland|Warta]] |
||
| Varta |
| Varta |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Włodzienin]] |
|||
| Vladěnín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wojnowice, Opole Voivodeship|Wojnowice]] |
|||
| Vojanovice |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Wolin (town)|Wolin]] |
| [[Wolin (town)|Wolin]] |
||
Line 895: | Line 755: | ||
| Rychleby |
| Rychleby |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Portugal}} ''Portugalsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
||
Line 901: | Line 761: | ||
| Lisabon |
| Lisabon |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Romania}} ''Rumunsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=29 align=top | [[Romanian language|Românian]] |
| rowspan=29 align=top | [[Romanian language|Românian]] |
||
Line 913: | Line 773: | ||
| Berzáska |
| Berzáska |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Bistrița]] |
||
| Bystřice |
| Bystřice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Botoșani]] |
||
| Botušany |
| Botušany |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 922: | Line 782: | ||
| Božovice |
| Božovice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Brașov]] |
||
| Brašov |
| Brašov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bucharest| |
| [[Bucharest|București]] |
||
| Bukurešť |
| Bukurešť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 931: | Line 791: | ||
| Kluž |
| Kluž |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Constanța]] |
||
| Konstanca |
| Konstanca |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 937: | Line 797: | ||
| Krajova |
| Krajova |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Eșelnița]] |
||
| Ješelnice |
| Ješelnice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Galați]] |
||
| Galac |
| Galac |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Iablanița]] |
||
| Jablonice |
| Jablonice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Iași]] |
||
| Jasy |
| Jasy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 955: | Line 815: | ||
| Velký Varadín |
| Velký Varadín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Oravița]] |
||
| Oravice |
| Oravice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Orșova]] |
||
| Oršava |
| Oršava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Pitești]] |
||
| Pitešť |
| Pitešť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Ploiești]] |
||
| Ploješť |
| Ploješť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Reșița]] |
||
| Rešice |
| Rešice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 973: | Line 833: | ||
| Sibiň |
| Sibiň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sighetu |
| [[Sighetu Marmației]] |
||
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Sighișoara]] |
||
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Șopotu Nou]] |
||
| Bušava |
| Bušava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 985: | Line 845: | ||
| Sučava |
| Sučava |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Svinița]] |
||
| Svinice |
| Svinice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Timișoara]] |
||
| Temešvár |
| Temešvár |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Russian language|Russian]] |
||
| [[Kaliningrad]] |
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
||
| Královec |
| Kaliningrad, Královec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Moscow|Москва (Moskva)]] |
||
| Moskva |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
|||
| Orel |
| Orel |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Saint Petersburg|Sankt Peterburg]] |
| [[Saint Petersburg|Санкт-Петербург (Sankt Peterburg/Sankt-Petěrburg)]] |
||
| Petrohrad |
| Petrohrad |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Sovetsk]] |
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk)]] |
||
| Tylže |
| Sovětsk/Tylže |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Saudi Arabia}} ''Saúdská Arábie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Medina|Madīnah]] |
| [[Medina|المدينة المنورة (al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah/al-Madína al-Munawwara)]] |
||
| Medína |
| Medína |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Mecca|Makkah]] |
| [[Mecca|مكة (Makkah/Makka)]] |
||
| Mekka |
| Mekka |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] |
||
| [[Belgrade|Beograd]] |
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
||
| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
|||
| [[Novi Sad]] |
|||
| Nový Sad |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Petrovaradin]] |
|||
| Petrovaradín |
| Petrovaradín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sremski Karlovci]] |
| [[Sremski Karlovci|Сремски Карловци, Sremski Karlovci]] |
||
| Sremské Karlovce |
| Sremské Karlovce |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] |
||
| [[Kranj]] |
| [[Kranj]] |
||
| Kraň |
| Kraň |
||
Line 1,039: | Line 899: | ||
| Lublaň |
| Lublaň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
|||
| [[Nova Gorica]] |
|||
| Gorice |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|18px]] Somalia ''Somálsko'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Somali language|Somali]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Somali language|Somali]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] – [[Mogadishu|Maqadīshū]] |
| [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] – [[Mogadishu|مقديشو (Maqadīshū/Makadíšú)]] |
||
| Mogadišu |
| Mogadišu |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Hargeisa|Hargaysa]] – [[Hargeisa]] |
| [[Hargeisa|Hargaysa]] – [[Hargeisa|هرجيسا (Harjaisā/Hardžajsá)]] |
||
| Hargeysa |
| Hargeysa |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|South Africa}} ''Jihoafrická republika'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| English – [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] |
||
| [[Cape Town]] – [[Cape Town|Kaapstad]] |
| [[Cape Town]] – [[Cape Town|Kaapstad]] |
||
| Kapské Město |
| Kapské Město |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Spain}} ''Španělsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| Spanish – [[Catalan language|Catalan]] |
||
| [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] – [[Valencia, Spain|València]] |
| [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] – [[Valencia, Spain|València]] |
||
| Valencie |
| Valencie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Switzerland}} ''Švýcarsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[German language|German]] – [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
||
| Basilej |
| Basilej |
||
Line 1,071: | Line 928: | ||
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
||
| Ženeva |
| Ženeva |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Schaffhausen]] – [[Schaffhausen|Schaffhouse]] |
|||
| Šafhúsy |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
||
Line 1,084: | Line 938: | ||
| Curych |
| Curych |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Syria}} ''Sýrie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Damascus|Dimashq]] |
| [[Damascus|دمشق (Dimashq/Dimašk)]] |
||
| Damašek |
| Damašek |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Thailand}} ''Thajsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Thai language|Thai]] |
| [[Thai language|Thai]] |
||
| [[Bangkok|Krung Thep]] |
| [[Bangkok|กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep)]] |
||
| Bangkok |
| Bangkok |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
||
| [[İstanbul]] |
| [[Istanbul|İstanbul]] |
||
| Istanbul |
|||
| Cařihrad |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[İzmir]] |
| [[İzmir]] |
||
| Smyrna |
| Smyrna |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[İznik]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|18px]] Türkmenistan ''Turkmenistán'' |
|||
| Nikaia |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkmenistan}} ''Turkmenistán'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] |
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] |
||
Line 1,111: | Line 968: | ||
| Ašchabad |
| Ašchabad |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ukraine}} ''Ukrajina'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=16 align=top | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
||
| [[Dnipro|Дніпро (Dnipro)]] |
|||
| [[Dnipropetrovsk|Dnipropetróvs'k]] |
|||
| Dnipro |
|||
| Dněpropetrovsk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Cherkasy|Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy)]] |
|||
| [[Kharkiv]] |
|||
| Čerkasy |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chernihiv| |
| [[Chernihiv|Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv)]] |
||
| Černihov |
| Černigov, Černihov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Chernivtsi|Чернівці (Chernivtsi/Černivci)]] |
|||
| [[Chernobyl|Chornobil]] |
|||
| Černovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chernobyl|Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl)]] |
|||
| Černobyl |
| Černobyl |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kharkiv|Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv)]] |
|||
| [[Khotyn|Chotyn]] |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kherson|Херсон (Kherson)]] |
|||
| Cherson |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Khotyn|Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn)]] |
|||
| Chotim |
| Chotim |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Kyiv|Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv)]] |
||
| Kyjev |
| Kyjev |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Kremenchuk|Кременчук (Kremenchuk)]] |
|||
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Kriviyi Rig]] |
|||
| Kremenčuk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih)]] |
|||
| Krivoj Rog |
| Krivoj Rog |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Lviv]] |
| [[Lviv|Львів (Lviv)]] |
||
| Lvov |
| Lvov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Novhorod-Siverskyi|Novhorod-Siverskyj]] |
| [[Novhorod-Siverskyi|Новгород-Сіверський (Novhorod-Siverskyi/Novhorod-Siverskyj)]] |
||
| Novgorod Severský |
| Novgorod Severský |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Volodymyr |
| [[Volodymyr (city)|Володимир (Volodymyr)]] |
||
| Volodymyr |
|||
| Vladimir Volyňský |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zaporizhia| |
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
||
| Záporoží |
| Záporoží |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Zhytomyr|Житомир (Zhytomyr)]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|18px]] United States ''Spojené Státy Americké'' |
|||
| Žytomyr |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United Kingdom}} ''Spojené království'' |
|||
| [[English language|English]] |
|||
| [[Philadelphia]] |
|||
| Filadelfie |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|18px]] United Kingdom ''Spojené království'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[English language|English]] |
|||
| [[Edinburgh]] |
|||
| Edinburk |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| | English |
|||
| [[London]] |
| [[London]] |
||
| Londýn |
| Londýn |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United States}} ''Spojené státy americké'' |
||
|- |
|||
| | English |
|||
| [[Philadelphia]] |
|||
| Filadelfie |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Uzbekistan}} ''Uzbekistán'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] |
| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] |
||
Line 1,168: | Line 1,037: | ||
| Taškent |
| Taškent |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Vietnam}} ''Vietnam'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |
||
Line 1,178: | Line 1,047: | ||
! Czech exonym |
! Czech exonym |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{Reflist|group="nb"}} |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{reflist |refs= |
|||
<ref name="Radio Prague">{{cite web|url=http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120323143425/http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-date=23 March 2012|title=It's all Greek to me|work=[[Radio Prague]] transcript|date=18 June 1999}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Line 1,183: | Line 1,060: | ||
[[Category:Czech language]] |
[[Category:Czech language]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Lists of exonyms]] |
||
[[cs:Seznam českých exonym]] |
Latest revision as of 08:53, 11 April 2024
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
Notes
- ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me". Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.