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{{for multi|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of places in Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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<sup></sup>The following is a list of '''Czech [[exonym]]s''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech orthography|spelling]] rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. |
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2023}} |
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The following is a list of '''Czech exonyms''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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[[Exonym]]s should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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{{for|exonyms in the [[Głubczyce]] area|Czech exonyms (Głubczyce)}} |
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{{for|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of Czech exonyms for places in the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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{| class=wikitable width= |
{| class=wikitable width=90% |
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! Language |
! Language |
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! |
! English or native name |
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! Czech exonym |
! Czech exonym |
||
|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Albania}} ''Albánie'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] |
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| [[Durrës]] |
| [[Durrës]] |
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| Drač |
| Drač |
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Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
| Skadar |
| Skadar |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Algeria}} ''Alžírsko'' |
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| [[Tirana|Tiranë]] |
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| Tirana |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|18px]] Algeria ''Alžírsko'' |
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| [[Algiers|الجزائر (al-Jazā'ir/al-Džazá'ir)]] |
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|- |
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| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
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| [[Algiers|Al-Ŷazā'ir]] |
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| Alžír |
| Alžír |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Oran|وهران (Wahrān/Wahrán)]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|18px]] Austria ''Rakousko'' |
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| Oran |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Armenia}} ''Arménie'' |
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| rowspan=60 valign=top | [[German language|German]] |
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| [[Bad Aussee]] |
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| Uže |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] |
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| [[Badgastein]] |
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| [[Vagharshapat, Armenia|Էջմիաժին (Echmiadzin)]] |
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| Gastýn |
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| Ečmiadzin |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Yerevan|Երեւան (Erevan)]] |
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| [[Bludenz]] |
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| Jerevan |
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| Bludenec |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Austria}} ''Rakousko''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as [[Raabs an der Thaya|Raabs]]. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it ''Rakuš'' or ''Rakus'', which eventually became ''Rakousko''."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
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| [[Braunau am Inn]] |
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| Brunov |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[German language|German]] |
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| |
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| Brežniče |
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| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria]] |
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|- |
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| [[Bruck an der Leitha]] |
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| Most nad Litavou |
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|- |
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| [[Bruck an der Mur]] |
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| Most nad Murou |
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|- |
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| Deutsch Hörschlag |
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| Německý Heršlák |
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|- |
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| [[Deutschlandsberg]] |
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| Lonč |
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|- |
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| [[Deutsch Wagram]] |
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| Německý Ogrun |
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|- |
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| [[Drosendorf-Zissersdorf]] |
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| Drozdov |
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|- |
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| [[Dürnkrut]] |
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| Suché Kruty |
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|- |
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| [[Eisenstadt]] |
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| Želesné Město |
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|- |
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| [[Eggenburg]] |
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| Eggenburk |
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|- |
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| [[Enns]] |
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| Enže |
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|- |
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| [[Freistadt]] |
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| Cáchlav |
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|- |
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| [[Geras]] |
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| Jerus |
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|- |
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| [[Gmünd]] |
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| Cmunt |
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|- |
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| [[Graz]] |
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| Štýrský Hradec |
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|- |
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| [[Groß-Siegharts]] |
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| Velké Sighartice |
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|- |
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| [[Heidenreichstein]] |
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| Kamýk |
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|- |
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| [[Hardegg]] |
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| Hardek |
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|- |
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| [[Höflein an der Hohen Wand]] |
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| Horní Hevlín |
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|- |
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| [[Hohenau]] |
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| Cáhnov |
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|- |
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| [[Horn]] |
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| Rohy |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Azerbaijan}} ''Ázerbájdžán'' |
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| [[Innsbruck]] |
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| Inšpruk |
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|- |
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| [[Klagenfurt]] |
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| Celovec |
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|- |
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| [[Krems]] |
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| Kremže |
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|- |
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| [[Laa an der Thaya]] |
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| Lava |
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|- |
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| [[Leibniz]] |
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| Lipnice |
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|- |
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| [[Linz]] |
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| Linec |
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|- |
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| [[Litschau]] |
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| Líčov |
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|- |
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| [[Matzen]] |
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| Macno |
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|- |
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| [[Melk]] |
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| Medlík |
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|- |
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| [[Neusiedl am See]] |
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| Nezider |
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|- |
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| [[Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf|Niederabsdorf]] |
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| Dolný Opatov |
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|- |
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| [[Poysdorf]] |
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| Pušdorf |
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|- |
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| [[Raabs an der Thaya]] |
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| Rakousy |
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|- |
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| [[Retz]] |
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| Reteč |
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|- |
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| [[Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf|Ringelsdorf]] |
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| Střeznik |
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|- |
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| [[Salzburg]] |
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| Solnohrad |
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|- |
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| [[Sankt Pölten]] |
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| Svatý Hippolyt |
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|- |
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| [[Schrems]] |
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| Skřemelice |
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|- |
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| [[Schwarzenau]] |
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| Švarcenava |
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|- |
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| [[Spittal an der Drau]] |
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| Špitál nad Drávou |
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|- |
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| [[Stockerau]] |
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| Štokrava |
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|- |
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| [[Steyr]] |
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| Štýr |
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|- |
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| [[Traun]] |
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| Travna |
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|- |
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| [[Unserfrau-Altweitra]] |
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| Stará Vitoraz |
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|- |
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| [[Vienna|Wien]] |
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| Vídeň |
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|- |
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| [[Villach]] |
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| Bělák |
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|- |
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| [[Völkermarkt]] |
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| Velikovec |
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|- |
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| [[Waidhofen an der Thaya]] |
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| Bejdov nad Dyje |
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|- |
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| [[Waidhofen an der Ybbs]] |
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| Bejdov nad Ybbsem |
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|- |
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| [[Weitra]] |
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| Vitoraz |
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|- |
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| [[Wiener Neudorf]] |
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| Vídeňská Nová Ves |
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|- |
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| [[Wiener Neustadt]] |
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| Vídeňské Nové Mesto |
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|- |
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| [[Ybbs]] |
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| Jivice |
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|- |
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| [[Zistersdorf]] |
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| Čistějov |
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|- |
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| [[Zwettl]] |
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| Světlá |
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|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|18px]] Azerbaijan ''Ázerbájdžán'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] |
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] |
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| Baku |
| Baku |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Belarus}} ''Bělorusko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=4 |
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
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| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
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| [[Mogilev|Magileu]] - [[Mogilev|Mogilëv]] |
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| |
| Hrodno |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Navahrudak| |
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
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| Novogrodek |
| Novogrodek |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[Rechytsa|Рэчыца (Rechytsa/Rečyca)]] – [[Rechytsa|Речица (Rechitsa/Rečica)]] |
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| [[Polotsk|Pólatsk]] - [[Polotsk|Pólotsk]] |
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| Polock |
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|- |
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| [[Rechytsa|Rechitsa]] |
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| Řečice |
| Řečice |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[Zaslawye|Заслаўе (Zaslawye/Zaslauje)]] − [[Zaslawye|Заславль (Zaslavl')]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|18px]] Belgium ''Belgie'' |
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| Zaslav, Záslaví |
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|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Belgium}} ''Belgie'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=5 |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[French language|French]] – [[Dutch language|Dutch]] |
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| [[Antwerp|Anvers]] |
| [[Antwerp|Anvers]] – [[Antwerp]]en |
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| Antverpy |
| Antverpy |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Bruges]] |
| [[Bruges]] – [[Bruges|Brugge]] |
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| |
| Bruggy |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Brussels|Bruxelles]] |
| [[Brussels|Bruxelles]] – [[Brussels|Brussel]] |
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| Brusel |
| Brusel |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Leuven|Louvain]] |
| [[Leuven|Louvain]] – [[Leuven]] |
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| Lovaň |
| Lovaň |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Liège]] |
| [[Liège]] – [[Liège|Luik]] |
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| Lutych |
| Lutych |
||
|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ''Bosna a Hercegovina'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
| [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] |
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| Bihač |
| Bihač |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|China}} ''Čína'' |
||
|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Mandarin Chinese language|Mandarin Chinese]] – [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] |
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| [[Burmese language|Burmese]] |
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| [[Beijing|北京 (Běijīng/Pej-ťing)]] |
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| [[Yangon]] |
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| |
| Peking |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Guangzhou|广州 (Guǎngzhōu/Kuang-čou)]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|18px]] China ''Čína'' |
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| Kanton |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Harbin|哈尔滨 (Hārbīn/Cha-er-pin)]] |
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| [[Mandarin Chinese language|Mandarin]] |
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| Charbin |
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| [[Beijing|Běijīng]] |
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| Peking |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Kashgar|喀什 (Kāshí/Kcha-š')]] – [[Kashgar|قەشقەر (Qeshqer/Kešker)]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|18px]] Côte d'Ivoire ''Pobřeží Slonoviny'' |
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| Kašgar |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Nanjing|南京 (Nánjīng/Nan-ťing)]] |
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| [[French language|French]] |
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| Nanking |
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| [[Abidjan]] |
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| Abidžan |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Yarkant County|莎车 (Shāchē/Ša-čche)]] – [[Yarkant County|يەكەن (Yeken/Jeken)]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|18px]] Croatia ''Chorvatsko'' |
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| Jarkand |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Shanghai|上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj)]] |
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| rowspan=4 valign=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
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| Šanghaj |
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|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
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|- |
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| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] |
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| [[Dubrovnik]] |
| [[Dubrovnik]] |
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| Dubrovník |
| Dubrovník |
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Line 286: | Line 125: | ||
| [[Šibenik]] |
| [[Šibenik]] |
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| Šibeník |
| Šibeník |
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|- |
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| [[Varaždin]] |
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| Varaždín |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Zagreb]] |
| [[Zagreb]] |
||
| Záhřeb |
| Záhřeb |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Cuba}} ''Kuba'' |
||
|- |
|- |
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| Spanish |
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| [[Greek language|Greek]] - [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
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| [[Havana|La Habana]] |
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| [[Nicosia|Lefkosía]] - [[Nicosia|Lefkoşa]] |
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| Havana |
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|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Cyprus}} ''Kypr'' |
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|- |
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| [[Greek language|Greek]] – [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
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| [[Nicosia|Λευκωσία (Lefkosía/Lefkósia)]] – [[Nicosia|Lefkoşa]] |
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| Nikósie |
| Nikósie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Denmark}} ''Dánsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Danish language|Danish]] |
| [[Danish language|Danish]] |
||
Line 302: | Line 150: | ||
| Kodaň |
| Kodaň |
||
|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Egypt}} ''Egypt'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[Alexandria| |
| [[Alexandria|الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja)]] |
||
| Alexandrie |
| Alexandrie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Cairo]] |
||
| Asuán |
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|- |
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| [[Cairo|Qāhirah]] |
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| Káhira |
| Káhira |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Hurghada|الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka)]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|18px]] Finland ''Finsko'' |
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| Hurghada |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Luxor|الأقصر (al-Uqṣur/al-Uksur)]] |
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| [[Finnish language|Finnish]] - [[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
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| Luxor |
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| [[Helsinki]] - [[Helsinki|Helsingfors]] |
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|- |
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| [[Suez|السويس (as-Suways/as-Suwajs)]] |
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| Suez |
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|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Estonia}} ''Estonsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
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| [[Pärnu]] |
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| Pernava |
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|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Finland}} ''Finsko'' |
|||
|- |
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| [[Finnish language|Finnish]] – [[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
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| [[Helsinki]] – [[Helsinki|Helsingfors]] |
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| Helsinky |
| Helsinky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|France}} ''Francie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=6 align=top | [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
| [[Crécy-en-Ponthieu]] |
||
| Kresčak |
| Kresčak |
||
Line 330: | Line 190: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Metz]] |
| [[Metz]] |
||
| |
| Mety |
||
|- |
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| [[Mulhouse]] |
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| Mylhúzy |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Paris]] |
| [[Paris]] |
||
Line 344: | Line 201: | ||
| Štrasburk |
| Štrasburk |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ghana}} ''Ghana'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| English |
||
| [[Accra]] |
| [[Accra]] |
||
| Akkra |
| Akkra |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Germany}} ''Německo''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|"This comes from the Czech adjective ''němý'', which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."<ref name="Radio Prague"/>|group="nb"}} |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|18px]] Germany ''Þýskaland'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
| [[German language|German]] |
||
| |
|||
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany|List of Czech Exonyms for Places in Germany]] |
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| [[List of Czech exonyms for places |
| [[List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Greece}} ''Řecko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=7 align=top | [[Greek language|Greek]] |
||
| [[Athens|Athína]] |
| [[Athens|Αθήνα (Athína/Athina)]] |
||
| Athény |
| Athény |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Corfu|Kérkyra]] |
| [[Corfu|Κέρκυρα (Kérkyra/Kerkyra)]] |
||
| Korfu |
| Korfu |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Corinth|Kórinthos]] |
| [[Corinth|Κόρινθος (Kórinthos/Korinthos)]] |
||
| Korint |
| Korint |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Ioannina|Ioánnina]] |
| [[Ioannina|Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina/Ióannina)]] |
||
| Janina |
| Janina |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Piraeus|Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Piraeus)]] |
|||
| [[Thessaloniki|Thessaloníki]] |
|||
| Pireus |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Thessaloniki|Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníki/Thessaloniki)]] |
|||
| Soluň |
| Soluň |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Thebes, |
| [[Thebes, Greece|Θήβα (Thíva/Thiva)]] |
||
| Théby |
| Théby |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Hungary}} ''Maďarsko''{{#tag:ref|'''Uhersko''' is an archaic name for Hungary.<ref name="Radio Prague"/> It can still be seen used in places such as [[Uherské Hradiště]] and [[Uherský Brod]] in Moravia.|group="nb"}} |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|18px]] Hungary ''Ungverjaland'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=13 |
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |
||
| [[Budapest]] |
| [[Budapest]], Buda |
||
| Budapešť, Budín |
|||
| Budapešt' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Debrecen]] |
| [[Debrecen]] |
||
| Debrecín |
| Debrecín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Esztergom]] |
|||
| Ezstergom |
|||
| Ostřihom |
| Ostřihom |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 419: | Line 279: | ||
| Kamenec |
| Kamenec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|India}} ''Indie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] – English |
|||
| [[Ahmedabad|Amdāvād]] |
| [[Ahmedabad|અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád)]] – [[Ahmedabad]] |
||
| Ahmadábád |
|||
| Ahmdábád |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |
|||
| [[Mumbai|Mumbaī]] - [[Mumbai]] |
|||
| [[Kolkata|কলকাতা (Kolkata)]] |
|||
| Kalkata |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] – English |
|||
| [[Mumbai|मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí)]] – [[Mumbai]] |
|||
| Bombaj |
| Bombaj |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] – English |
|||
| [[New Delhi|Naī Dillī]] - [[New Delhi]] |
|||
| [[New Delhi|नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí)]] – [[New Delhi]] |
|||
| Nové Dillí |
| Nové Dillí |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Varanasi| |
| [[Varanasi|बनारस (Banāras/Banáras)]] – [[Varanasi]] |
||
| Varanásí |
|||
| Banáras |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
|||
| [[Indonesian language|Bahasa Indonesia]] |
|||
| [[Jakarta]] |
|||
| Džakarta |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|18px]] Israel ''Izrael'' |
|||
| [[Haifa|חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa)]] – [[Haifa|حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá)]] |
|||
| Haifa |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Jaffa|יפו (Yafo/Jafo)]] - [[Jaffa|ݐافا (Yāfā/Yáfá)]] |
|||
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] - [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| Jaffa |
|||
| [[Jerusalem|Yerushaláyim]] - [[Jerusalem|Al-Quds]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Jerusalem|ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim)]] – [[Jerusalem|القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds)]] |
|||
| Jeruzalém |
| Jeruzalém |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nazareth|נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat)]] – [[Nazareth|الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira)]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|18px]] Iraq ''Irák'' |
|||
| Nazaret |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Tiberias|טבריה (Tverya/Tverja)]] – [[Tiberias|طبرية (Ṭabariyyah/Tabarija)]] |
|||
| Tiberias |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Iraq}} ''Irák'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] |
||
| [[Mosul|الموصل (al-Mawsil/al-Mausíl)]] – [[Mosul|Mûsil]] |
|||
| [[Baghdad|Baġdād]] - [[Baghdad|Bexda]] |
|||
| |
| Mosul |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Italy}} ''Itálie''<ref name="Radio Prague"/>{{#tag:ref|'''Vlašsko''' is an archaic name for Italy.<ref name="Radio Prague"/> It can still be seen used in places such as the [[Italian Court]] ''(Vlašský dvůr)'' in Kutná Hora.|group="nb"}} |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|18px]] Italy ''Itálie'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=13 |
| rowspan=13 align=top | [[Italian language|Italian]] |
||
| [[Bologna]] |
| [[Bologna]] |
||
| Boloňa |
| Boloňa |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Florence |
| [[Florence]] (Italian: ''Firenze'') |
||
| Florencie |
| Florencie |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Genoa |
| [[Genoa]] ''(Genova)'' |
||
| Janov |
| Janov |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 467: | Line 341: | ||
| Gorice |
| Gorice |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Milan |
| [[Milan]] ''(Milano)'' |
||
| Milán |
| Milán |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Naples |
| [[Naples]] ''(Napoli)'' |
||
| Neapol |
| Neapol |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 476: | Line 350: | ||
| Pompeje |
| Pompeje |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Rome |
| [[Rome]] ''(Roma)'' |
||
| Řím |
| Řím |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
|||
| [[Siracusa]] |
|||
| Syrakusy |
| Syrakusy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Turin |
| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
||
| Turín |
| Turín |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 491: | Line 365: | ||
| Terst |
| Terst |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
||
| Benátky |
| Benátky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ivory Coast}} ''Pobřeží slonoviny'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Abidjan]] |
||
| Abidžan |
|||
| Cušima |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] |
||
| [[Tokyo|東京 (Tōkyō/Tókjó)]] |
|||
| [[Amman|Ammān]] |
|||
| |
| Tokio |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Laos}} ''Laos'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[Lao language|Lao]] |
||
| [[Vientiane|ວຽງຈັນ (Viang-chan/?)]] |
|||
| [[Beirut|Bayrūt]] - [[Beirut|Beyrouth]] |
|||
| Vientiane |
|||
| Bejrút |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lebanon}} ''Libanon'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[French language|French]] |
||
| [[Beirut|بيروت (Bayrūt/Bajrút)]] – [[Beirut|Beyrouth]] |
|||
| [[Benghazi|Banghāzī]] |
|||
| Bejrút |
|||
| Benghází |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Libya}} ''Libye'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| [[Tripoli|Ţarābulus]] |
|||
| [[Tripoli, Libya|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
|||
| Tripolis |
| Tripolis |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Lithuania}} ''Litva'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Klaipėda]] |
||
| Klajpeda |
|||
| Kovno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Šiauliai]] |
|||
| Šavle |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Trakai]] |
| [[Trakai]] |
||
| Troky |
| Troky |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Luxembourg}} ''Lucembursko'' |
|||
| [[Vilnius]] |
|||
| Vilno |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[German language|German]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|18px]] Luxembourg ''Lucemburk'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[German language|German]] - [[French language|French]] |
|||
| [[Diekirch]] |
| [[Diekirch]] |
||
| Kostelec |
| Kostelec |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Romanian language| |
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Chișinău]] |
||
| Kišiněv |
| Kišiněv |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Montenegro}} ''Černá Hora'' |
||
|- |
|||
| [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] |
|||
| [[Ulan Bator|Ulaanbaatar]] |
|||
| Ulánbátar |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|18px]] Montenegro ''Černá Hora'' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] |
| [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] |
||
Line 560: | Line 425: | ||
| Nikšič |
| Nikšič |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Morocco}} ''Maroko'' |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fes|فاس (Fās/Fás)]] |
||
| Fez |
|||
| Groninky |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Meknes|مكناس (Maknās/Maknás)]] |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | [[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|18px]] North Korea ''Severní Korea'' |
|||
| Meknes |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Marrakech|مراكش (Murrākush/Murrákuš)]] |
|||
| [[Korean language|Korean]] |
|||
| Marrákeš |
|||
| [[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| Pchjongjang |
|||
| [[Oujda|وجدة (Wajda/Wadžda)]] |
|||
| Udžda |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Tangiers|طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža)]] |
|||
| Tanger |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Pakistan}} ''Pákistán'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] – English |
|||
| [[Quetta|کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta)]] – [[Quetta]] |
|||
| Kvéta |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Palestine}} ''Palestina'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] – [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] |
|||
| [[Bethlehem|بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm)]] – [[Bethlehem|בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem)]] |
|||
| Betlém |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Hebron|الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl)]] – [[Hebron|חברון (Hevron/Chevron)]] |
|||
| Hebron |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Jericho|ٲرݐحا (Arīhā/Aríhá)]] - [[Jericho|יריחו (Yeriho)]] |
|||
| Jericho |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Nablus|نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus)]] – [[Nablus|שכם (Shkhem/Šchem)]] |
|||
| Nábulus |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ramallah|رام الله (Rāmallāh/Rámalláh)]] |
|||
| Ramalláh |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Poland}} ''Polsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=96 align=top | [[Polish language|Polish]] |
|||
| [[Białogard]] |
|||
| Bělehrad |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bielsko-Biała]] |
|||
| Bílsko-Bělá |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Baborów]] |
|||
| Bavorov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bogdanowice]] |
|||
| Bohdanovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bolesławiec]] |
|||
| Boleslav |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Brzeg]] |
|||
| Břeh |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bydgoszcz]] |
|||
| Bydhošť |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bystrzyca Kłodzka]] |
|||
| Kladská Bystřice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chełmno]] |
|||
| Chlumno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chełmża]] |
|||
| Chlumže |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chomiąża, Opole Voivodeship|Chomiąża]] |
|||
| Chomýž |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chorzów]] |
|||
| Chořov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Częstochowa]] |
|||
| Čenstochová |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Drezdenko]] |
|||
| Drezno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Duszniki Zdrój]] |
|||
| Dušníky |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gdańsk]] |
|||
| Gdaňsk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gdynia]] |
|||
| Gdyně |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gliwice]] |
|||
| Hlivice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Głogów]] |
|||
| Hlohov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Głogówek]] |
|||
| Horní Hlohov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Głubczyce]] |
|||
| Hlubčice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Głuchołazy]] |
|||
| Hlucholazy |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gniezno]] |
|||
| Hnězdno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Grodków]] |
|||
| Hrádek |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Gubin, Poland|Gubin]] |
|||
| Hubno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Inowrocław]] |
|||
| Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Jawor]] |
|||
| Javory |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
|||
| Jelení Hora |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Katowice]] |
|||
| Katovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
|||
| Kandřín-Kozlí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kietrz]] |
|||
| Ketř |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kłodzko]] |
|||
| Kladsko |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kluczbork]] |
|||
| Klučborek |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kołobrzeg]] |
|||
| Kolobřeh |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Koszalin]] |
|||
| Kozlín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kostrzyn nad Odrą]] |
|||
| Kostřín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kraków]] |
|||
| Krakov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Krasne Pole, Głubczyce County|Krasne Pole]] |
|||
| Krásne Loučky |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kudowa-Zdrój]] |
|||
| Lázně Chudoba |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Lądek-Zdrój]] |
|||
| Lázně Landek |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Leszno]] |
|||
| Lešno |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Legnica]] |
|||
| Lehnice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Lewice, Opole Voivodeship|Lewice]] |
|||
| Levice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Lidzbark Warmiński]] |
|||
| Lizberk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Lisięcice]] |
|||
| Lištice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Łódź]] |
|||
| Lodž |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Międzylesie]] |
|||
| Mezilesí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Mieroszów]] |
|||
| Frýdlant ve Slezsku |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Myślibórz]] |
|||
| Mysliboř |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Nowa Cerekwia]] |
|||
| Nová Cerekev |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Nowa Ruda]] |
|||
| Nová Ruda |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Nowy Sącz]] |
|||
| Nový Sadec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Nysa, Poland|Nysa]] |
|||
| Nisa |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oława]] |
|||
| Olava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oleśnica]] |
|||
| Olešnice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Olsztyn]] |
|||
| Olštýn |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Opawica, Poland|Opawica]] |
|||
| Opavice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Opole]] |
|||
| Opolí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oświęcim]] |
|||
| Osvětim |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Paczków]] |
|||
| Pačkov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Pielgrzymów]] |
|||
| Pelhřimovy |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Poznań]] |
|||
| Poznaň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Prudnik]] |
|||
| Prudník |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Pszczyna]] |
|||
| Pština |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Racibórz]] |
|||
| Ratiboř |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Radków]] |
|||
| Radkov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Rawicz]] |
|||
| Ravič |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Rzepin]] |
|||
| Řepín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sandomierz]] |
|||
| Sandoměř |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Słupsk]] |
|||
| Sloup |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sopot]] |
|||
| Sopoty |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Środa Śląska]] |
|||
| Slezská Středa |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Stara Lomnica]] |
|||
| Stará Lomnice na Kladsku |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Strzelin]] |
|||
| Střelín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Świdnica]] |
|||
| Svidnice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Świnoujście]] |
|||
| Svinoústí |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Szczecin]] |
|||
| Štětín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Szczecinek]] |
|||
| Nový Štětín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Szklarska Poręba]] |
|||
| Sklářská Poruba |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Tarnowskie Góry]] |
|||
| Tarnovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Toruń]] |
|||
| Toruň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wałbrzych]] |
|||
| Valbřich |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wambierzyce]] |
|||
| Vambeřice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Warszawa]] |
|||
| Varšava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Warta, Poland|Warta]] |
|||
| Varta |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Włodzienin]] |
|||
| Vladěnín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wojnowice, Opole Voivodeship|Wojnowice]] |
|||
| Vojanovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wolin (town)|Wolin]] |
|||
| Volyň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Wrocław]] |
|||
| Vratislav |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Żagań]] |
|||
| Zaháň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Żary]] |
|||
| Žarov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zgorzelec]] |
|||
| Zhořelec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ziębice]] |
|||
| Minstrberk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zielona Góra]] |
|||
| Zelená Hora |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Złoty Stok]] |
|||
| Rychleby |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Portugal}} ''Portugalsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
|||
| [[Lisbon|Lisboa]] |
|||
| Lisabon |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Romania}} ''Rumunsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=29 align=top | [[Romanian language|Românian]] |
|||
| [[Alba Iulia]] |
|||
| Karlovský Bělehrad |
|||
|- |
|||
| Baia Nouă |
|||
| Nové Doly |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Berzasca]] |
|||
| Berzáska |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bistrița]] |
|||
| Bystřice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Botoșani]] |
|||
| Botušany |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bozovici]] |
|||
| Božovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Brașov]] |
|||
| Brašov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Bucharest|București]] |
|||
| Bukurešť |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Cluj-Napoca]] |
|||
| Kluž |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Constanța]] |
|||
| Konstanca |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Craiova]] |
|||
| Krajova |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Eșelnița]] |
|||
| Ješelnice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Galați]] |
|||
| Galac |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Iablanița]] |
|||
| Jablonice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Iași]] |
|||
| Jasy |
|||
|- |
|||
| Liubcova |
|||
| Lubková |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oradea]] |
|||
| Velký Varadín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oravița]] |
|||
| Oravice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Orșova]] |
|||
| Oršava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Pitești]] |
|||
| Pitešť |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ploiești]] |
|||
| Ploješť |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Reșița]] |
|||
| Rešice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sibiu]] |
|||
| Sibiň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sighetu Marmației]] |
|||
| Marmarošská Sihoť |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sighișoara]] |
|||
| Segešvár, Šigišov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Șopotu Nou]] |
|||
| Bušava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Suceava]] |
|||
| Sučava |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Svinița]] |
|||
| Svinice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Timișoara]] |
|||
| Temešvár |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Russian language|Russian]] |
|||
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
|||
| Kaliningrad, Královec |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Moscow|Москва (Moskva)]] |
|||
| Moskva |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
|||
| Orel |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Saint Petersburg|Санкт-Петербург (Sankt Peterburg/Sankt-Petěrburg)]] |
|||
| Petrohrad |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Советск (Sovetsk/Sovětsk)]] |
|||
| Sovětsk/Tylže |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Saudi Arabia}} ''Saúdská Arábie'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| [[Medina|المدينة المنورة (al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah/al-Madína al-Munawwara)]] |
|||
| Medína |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Mecca|مكة (Makkah/Makka)]] |
|||
| Mekka |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] |
|||
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
|||
| Bělehrad |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
|||
| Petrovaradín |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sremski Karlovci|Сремски Карловци, Sremski Karlovci]] |
|||
| Sremské Karlovce |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] |
|||
| [[Kranj]] |
|||
| Kraň |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ljubljana]] |
|||
| Lublaň |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Somali language|Somali]] – [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] – [[Mogadishu|مقديشو (Maqadīshū/Makadíšú)]] |
|||
| Mogadišu |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Hargeisa|Hargaysa]] – [[Hargeisa|هرجيسا (Harjaisā/Hardžajsá)]] |
|||
| Hargeysa |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|South Africa}} ''Jihoafrická republika'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| English – [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] |
|||
| [[Cape Town]] – [[Cape Town|Kaapstad]] |
|||
| Kapské Město |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Spain}} ''Španělsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| Spanish – [[Catalan language|Catalan]] |
|||
| [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] – [[Valencia, Spain|València]] |
|||
| Valencie |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Switzerland}} ''Švýcarsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[German language|German]] – [[French language|French]] |
|||
| [[Basel]] – [[Basel|Bâle]] |
|||
| Basilej |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Geneva|Genf]] – [[Geneva|Genève]] |
|||
| Ženeva |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] – [[St. Gallen|Saint-Gall]] |
|||
| Svatý Havel |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[St. Moritz|Sankt Moritz]] – [[St. Moritz|Saint-Moritz]] |
|||
| Svatý Mořic |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zurich|Zürich]] – [[Zurich]] |
|||
| Curych |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Syria}} ''Sýrie'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
|||
| [[Damascus|دمشق (Dimashq/Dimašk)]] |
|||
| Damašek |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Thailand}} ''Thajsko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Thai language|Thai]] |
|||
| [[Bangkok|กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep)]] |
|||
| Bangkok |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
|||
| [[Istanbul|İstanbul]] |
|||
| Istanbul |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[İzmir]] |
|||
| Smyrna |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[İznik]] |
|||
| Nikaia |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkmenistan}} ''Turkmenistán'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] |
|||
| [[Ashgabat|Aşgabat]] |
|||
| Ašchabad |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Ukraine}} ''Ukrajina'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan=16 align=top | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
|||
| [[Dnipro|Дніпро (Dnipro)]] |
|||
| Dnipro |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Cherkasy|Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy)]] |
|||
| Čerkasy |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chernihiv|Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv)]] |
|||
| Černigov, Černihov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chernivtsi|Чернівці (Chernivtsi/Černivci)]] |
|||
| Černovice |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chernobyl|Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl)]] |
|||
| Černobyl |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kharkiv|Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv)]] |
|||
| Charkov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kherson|Херсон (Kherson)]] |
|||
| Cherson |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Khotyn|Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn)]] |
|||
| Chotim |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kyiv|Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv)]] |
|||
| Kyjev |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kremenchuk|Кременчук (Kremenchuk)]] |
|||
| Kremenčuk |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Kryvyi Rih|Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih)]] |
|||
| Krivoj Rog |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Lviv|Львів (Lviv)]] |
|||
| Lvov |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Novhorod-Siverskyi|Новгород-Сіверський (Novhorod-Siverskyi/Novhorod-Siverskyj)]] |
|||
| Novgorod Severský |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Volodymyr (city)|Володимир (Volodymyr)]] |
|||
| Volodymyr |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
|||
| Záporoží |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zhytomyr|Житомир (Zhytomyr)]] |
|||
| Žytomyr |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United Kingdom}} ''Spojené království'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| | English |
|||
| [[London]] |
|||
| Londýn |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|United States}} ''Spojené státy americké'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| | English |
|||
| [[Philadelphia]] |
|||
| Filadelfie |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Uzbekistan}} ''Uzbekistán'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] |
|||
| [[Tashkent|Toshkent]] |
|||
| Taškent |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Vietnam}} ''Vietnam'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] |
|||
| [[Hanoi|Hà Nội]] |
|||
| Hanoj |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! Language |
! Language |
||
Line 577: | Line 1,048: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{Reflist|group="nb"}} |
|||
== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist |refs= |
|||
<ref name="Radio Prague">{{cite web|url=http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120323143425/http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-date=23 March 2012|title=It's all Greek to me|work=[[Radio Prague]] transcript|date=18 June 1999}}</ref> |
|||
*[[Białogard]] (Pomořský) Bělehrad |
|||
}} |
|||
*[[Bielsko-Biała]] Bílsko-Bělá, Bílov |
|||
*[[Baborów]] Bavorov |
|||
*[[Bolesławiec]] Boleslav |
|||
*[[Brzeg]] Břeh |
|||
*[[Bydgoszcz]] Bydhošť |
|||
*[[Bystrzyca Kłodzka]] Kladská Bystřice |
|||
*[[Chełmno]] Chlumno |
|||
*[[Chełmża]] Chlumže |
|||
*[[Chorzów]] Chořov |
|||
*[[Częstochowa]] Čenstochova, Čenstochová |
|||
*[[Drezdenko]] Drezno |
|||
*[[Duszniki Zdrój]] Dušníky |
|||
*[[Gdańsk]] Gdaňsk |
|||
*[[Gdynia]] Gdyně |
|||
*[[Gliwice]] Hlivice |
|||
*[[Głogów]] Hlohov |
|||
*[[Głogówek]] Horní Hlohov |
|||
*[[Głubczyce]] Hlubčice |
|||
*[[Głuchołazy]] Hlucholazy |
|||
*[[Gniezno]] Hnězdno |
|||
*[[Grodków]] Hrádek |
|||
*[[Gubin, Poland|Gubin]] Hubno |
|||
*[[Inowrocław]] Mladá Vratislav |
|||
*[[Jawor]] Javory |
|||
*[[Jelenia Góra]] Hiršberk, Jelení Hora |
|||
*[[Kamienna Góra]] Lanžhot |
|||
*[[Katowice]] Katovice |
|||
*[[Katyn|Katyń]] Katyň |
|||
*[[Kędzierzyn-Koźle|Kędzierzyn]] Kandřín |
|||
*[[Kędzierzyn-Koźle|Koźle]] Kozlí |
|||
*[[Kłodzko]] Kladsko |
|||
*[[Kluczbork]] Klučborek |
|||
*[[Kołobrzeg]] Kolobřeh |
|||
*[[Koszalin]] Kozlín, Košalín |
|||
*[[Kostrzyn nad Odrą]] Kostřín |
|||
*[[Kraków]] Krakov |
|||
*[[Kudowa-Zdrój]] Chudoba |
|||
*[[Lądek Zdrój]] Lázně Landek |
|||
*[[Leszno]] Lešno |
|||
*[[Legnica]] Lehnice |
|||
*[[Lidzbark Warmiński]] Lizberk |
|||
*[[Łódź]] Lodž |
|||
*[[Międzylesie]] Mezilesí |
|||
*[[Mieroszów]] Frýdlant ve Slezsku |
|||
*[[Myślibórz]] Mysliboř |
|||
*[[Nowa Ruda]] Nová Ruda |
|||
*[[Nowy Sącz]] Nový Sadec |
|||
*[[Nysa, Poland|Nysa]] Nisa |
|||
*[[Oława]] Olava |
|||
*[[Oleśnica]] Olešnice |
|||
*[[Olsztyn]] Olštýn |
|||
*[[Opole]] Opolí |
|||
*[[Oświęcim]] Osvětim |
|||
*[[Paczków]] Pačkov |
|||
*[[Poznań]] Poznaň |
|||
*[[Pszczyna]] Pština |
|||
*[[Racibórz]] Ratiboř |
|||
*[[Radków]] Radkov |
|||
*[[Rawicz]] Ravič |
|||
*[[Rzepin]] Řepín |
|||
*[[Sandomierz]] Sandoměř |
|||
*[[Słupsk]] Sloup |
|||
*[[Sopot]] Sopoty |
|||
*[[Środa Śląska]] Středa |
|||
*[[Stara Lomnica]] Stará Lomnice na Kladsku |
|||
*[[Strzelin]] Střelín |
|||
*[[Świdnica]] Svidnice |
|||
*[[Świnoujście]] Ústí nad Svinou, Svinoústí |
|||
*[[Szczecin]] Štětín |
|||
*[[Szczecinek]] Nový Štětín |
|||
*[[Szklarska Poręba]] Sklářská Poruba |
|||
*[[Tarnowskie Góry]] Tarnovice |
|||
*[[Toruń]] Toruň |
|||
*[[Wałbrzych]] Valbřich |
|||
*[[Wambierzyce]] Vambeřice |
|||
*[[Warszawa]] Varšava |
|||
*[[Warta, Poland|Warta]] Varta |
|||
*[[Wolin (town)|Wolin]] Volyň |
|||
*[[Wrocław]] Vratislav |
|||
*[[Żagań]] Zaháň |
|||
*[[Żary]] Žarov |
|||
*[[Zgorzelec]] Zhořelec |
|||
*[[Ziębice]] Minstrberk |
|||
*[[Zielona Góra]] Zelená Hora |
|||
*[[Złoty Stok]] Rychleby |
|||
==Portugal== |
|||
*[[Azores|Açores]] Azory |
|||
*[[Lisbon|Lisboa]] Lisabon |
|||
==Romania== |
|||
*[[Alba Iulia]] Karlův Bělehrad, Sedmihradský Bělehrad |
|||
*[[Baia Nouă, Mehedinţi|Baia Nouă]] Nové Doly, Ujbánie (originally from Hungarian language) |
|||
*[[Berzasca]] Berzáska |
|||
*[[Bistriţa]] Bystřice |
|||
*[[Botoşani]] Botušany |
|||
*[[Bozovici]] Božovice |
|||
*[[Braşov]] Brašov |
|||
*[[Bucharest|Bucureşti]] Bukurešť |
|||
*[[Cluj-Napoca]] Kluž, Koložvár |
|||
*[[Constanţa]] Konstanca |
|||
*[[Craiova]] Krajova |
|||
*[[Dubova, Mehedinţi|Dubova]] Dubová |
|||
*[[Eşelniţa]] Ješelnice |
|||
*[[Galaţi]] Galac |
|||
*[[Iablaniţa]] Jablonice |
|||
*[[Iaşi]] Jasy |
|||
*[[Liubcova, Caraş-Severin|Liubcova]] Lubková |
|||
*[[Moldova Nouă]] Nová Moldava, Bošňák |
|||
*[[Oradea]] Velký Varadín |
|||
*[[Oraviţa]] Oravice |
|||
*[[Orşova]] Oršava |
|||
*[[Piteşti]] Pitešť |
|||
*[[Ploieşti]] Ploješť |
|||
*[[Reşiţa]] Rešice |
|||
*[[Sibiu]] Sibiň |
|||
*[[Sighetu Marmaţiei]] Marmarošská Sihoť |
|||
*[[Sighişoara]] Šigišov, Segesvár |
|||
*[[Şopotu Nou]] Nový Šopot, Bušava |
|||
*[[Suceava]] Sučava |
|||
*[[Sviniţa]] Svinice |
|||
*[[Timişoara]] Temešvár |
|||
==Russia== |
|||
*[[Königsberg]] (from 1946 [[Kaliningrad]]) Královec |
|||
*[[Oryol|Orjol]] Orel |
|||
*[[Saint Petersburg|Sankt Peterburg]] Petrohrad |
|||
*[[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Sovetsk]] Tylže |
|||
==Serbia== |
|||
*[[Belgrade|Beograd]] Bělehrad |
|||
*[[Novi Sad]] Nový Sad |
|||
*[[Petrovaradin]] Petrovaradín |
|||
*[[Sremski Karlovci]] Sremské Karlovce |
|||
*[[Rarczech]] |
|||
==Slovenia== |
|||
*[[Ljubljana]] Lublaň |
|||
==Spain== |
|||
*[[Mallorca]] Malorka |
|||
*[[Menorca]] Menorka |
|||
*[[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]] Valencie |
|||
==Switzerland== |
|||
*[[Basel]] Basilej |
|||
*[[Geneva|Genève]] Ženeva |
|||
*[[Lucerne|Luzern]] Lucern |
|||
*[[Schaffhausen]] Šafhúsy |
|||
*[[St. Gallen|Sankt Gallen]] Svatý Havel |
|||
*[[St. Moritz|Sankt Moritz]] Svatý Mořic |
|||
*[[Zürich]] Curych |
|||
==Turkey== |
|||
*[[İstanbul]] Cařihrad |
|||
*[[İzmir]] Smyrna |
|||
==Ukraine== |
|||
*[[Berehove]] Berehovo |
|||
*[[Kharkiv|Charkiv]] Charkov |
|||
*[[Chernobyl|Čornobyl]] Černobyl |
|||
*[[Khotyn|Chotyn]] Chotim |
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*[[Kiev|Kyiv]] Kyjev |
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*[[Lviv]] Lvov |
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*[[Novhorod-Siverskyi|Novhorod-Siverskyj]] Novgorod Severský |
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*[[Volodymyr-Volynskyi|Volodymyr-Volynskyj]] Vladimir Volyňský |
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==United Kingdom== |
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*[[Channel Islands]] Normanské ostrovy |
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*[[Edinburgh]] Edinburk |
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*[[London]] Londýn |
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*[[Orkney]] Orkneje |
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*[[Shetland]] Shetlandy |
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==Exonyms for places outside of Europe== |
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*[[Abidjan]] ''(Ivory Coast)'' Abidžan |
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*[[Abu Dhabi|Abū Z̧aby]] ''(United Arab Emirates)'' Abú Dhabi |
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*[[Accra]] ''(Ghana)'' Akkra |
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*[[Alexandria|Al-Iskandariya]] ''(Egypt)'' Alexandrie |
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*[[Algiers|Al Jaza'ir]] ''(Algeria)'' Alžír |
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*[[Cairo|Al-Qāhirah]] ''(Egypt)'' Káhira |
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*[[Ahmedabad|Amdāvād]] ''(India)'' Ahmadábád |
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*[[Amman|Ammān]] ''(Jordan)'' Ammán |
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*[[Baghdad|Baghdād]] ''(Iraq)'' Bagdád |
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*[[Baku|Bakı]] ''(Azerbaijan)'' Baku |
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*[[Benghazi|Banghāzī]] ''(Libya)'' Benghází |
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*[[Beirut|Bayrūt]] ''(Lebanon)'' Bejrút |
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*[[Bethlehem|Bayt Laḥm]] ''(Palestina)'' Betlém |
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*[[Beijing|Běijīng]] ''(PR China)'' Peking |
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*[[Cairo]] ''(Egypt)'' Káhira |
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*[[Casablanca|Dār al-Bayḍāʼ]] ''(Morocco)'' Casablanca |
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*[[Delhi|Dehlī]] ''(India)'' Dillí |
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*[[Damascus|Dimashq]] ''(Syria)'' Damašek |
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*[[Jakarta]] ''(Indonesia)'' Batávie, Džakarta |
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*[[Cape Town|Kaapstad]] ''(South Africa)'' Kapské Město |
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*[[Bangkok|Krung Thep]] ''(Thailand)'' Bangkok |
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*[[Mumbai|Mumbaí]] ''(India)'' Bombaj |
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*[[New Delhi|Naī Dillī]] ''(India)'' Nové Dillí |
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*[[Pyongyang|P'yŏngyang]] ''(North Korea)'' Pchjongjang |
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*[[Yangon|Rankun]] ''(Burma)'' Rangún |
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*[[Singapore|Singapura]] ''(Singapore)'' Singapur |
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*[[Seoul|Sŏul]] ''(South Korea)'' Soul |
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*[[Aswan|Swenet]] ''(Egypt)'' Asuán |
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*[[Tripoli|Ṭarābulus]] ''(Libya)'' Tripolis |
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*[[Tokyo|Tōkyō]] ''(Japan)'' Tokio |
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*[[Tsushima, Nagasaki|Tsushima]] ''(Japan)'' Cušima |
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*[[Ulan Bator|Ulaɣanbaɣatur]] ''(Mongolia)'' Ulánbátar |
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*[[Varanasi|Vārāṇasī]] ''(India)'' Banáras |
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*[[Jerusalem|Yerushlayim-El Kuds]] ''(Israel/West Bank)'' Jeruzalém |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of European exonyms]] |
*[[List of European exonyms]] |
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[[Category:Czech language]] |
[[Category:Czech language]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Lists of exonyms]] |
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[[cs:Seznam českých exonym]] |
Latest revision as of 08:53, 11 April 2024
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
Notes
- ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me". Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.