81.200.56.52 (talk) Found one more mistake |
removing Jakarta |
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{{for multi|exonyms in the Polish part of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]|List of places in Cieszyn Silesia}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=April 2023}} |
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⚫ | The following is a list of '''Czech exonyms''', that is to say names for places that do not speak [[Czech language|Czech]] that have been adapted to Czech [[Czech phonology|phonological system]] and [[Czech orthography|spelling rules]], or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech. |
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⚫ | [[Exonym]]s should not be confused with [[romanization]], i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the [[Latin alphabet]] according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name [[青岛]] is ''Čching-tao'', as opposed to its [[Hanyu Pinyin]] transliteration ''Qīngdǎo'' or to [[Wade–Giles]] ''Ch'ing-tao''). |
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⚫ | The following is a list of '''Czech |
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⚫ | |||
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
| rowspan=4 align=top | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] – [[Russian language|Russian]] |
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| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
| [[Hrodna|Гроднa (Hrodna)]] – [[Hrodna|Гроднo (Grodno)]] |
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| |
| Hrodno |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
| [[Navahrudak|Навагрудак (Navahrudak)]] − [[Navahrudak|Новогрудок (Novogrudok)]] |
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| [[Shanghai|上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj)]] |
| [[Shanghai|上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj)]] |
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| Šanghaj |
| Šanghaj |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Croatia}} ''Chorvatsko'' |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Indonesia}} ''Indonésie'' |
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⚫ | |||
| [[Indonesian language|Bahasa Indonesia]] |
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| [[Jakarta]] |
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| Džakarta |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Israel}} ''Izrael'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
| [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] ''(Siracusa)'' |
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| Syrakusy |
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| Syrakúsy |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
| [[Turin]] ''(Torino)'' |
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| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
| [[Venice]] ''(Venezia)'' |
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| Benátky |
| Benátky |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Japan}} ''Japonsko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
| rowspan=1 align=top | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] |
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| [[Tripoli|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
| [[Tripoli, Libya|طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus)]] |
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| Tripolis |
| Tripolis |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Moldova}} ''Moldavsko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Romanian language| |
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
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| [[Chișinău]] |
| [[Chișinău]] |
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| Kišiněv |
| Kišiněv |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Inowrocław]] |
| [[Inowrocław]] |
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| Mladá Vratislav |
| Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Jawor]] |
| [[Jawor]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
| [[Jelenia Góra]] |
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| |
| Jelení Hora |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Katowice]] |
| [[Katowice]] |
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| Katovice |
| Katovice |
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|- |
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| Katyń |
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| Katyň |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
| [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]] |
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| Lázně Chudoba |
| Lázně Chudoba |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Lądek |
| [[Lądek-Zdrój]] |
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| Lázně Landek |
| Lázně Landek |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Russia}} ''Rusko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=5 align=top | [[Russian language|Russian]] |
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| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
| [[Kaliningrad|Калининград (Kaliningrad)]] |
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| Královec |
| Kaliningrad, Královec |
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| [[Moscow|Москва (Moskva)]] |
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| Moskva |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
| [[Oryol|Орёл (Oryol/Orjol)]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Serbia}} ''Srbsko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] |
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| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
| [[Belgrade|Београд, Beograd]] |
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| Bělehrad |
| Bělehrad |
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|- |
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| [[Novi Sad|Нови Сад, Novi Sad]] |
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| Nový Sad |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
| [[Petrovaradin|Петроварадин, Petrovaradin]] |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Slovenia}} ''Slovinsko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=2 align=top | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] |
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| [[Kranj]] |
| [[Kranj]] |
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| Kraň |
| Kraň |
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| [[Ljubljana]] |
| [[Ljubljana]] |
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| Lublaň |
| Lublaň |
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|- |
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| [[Nova Gorica]] |
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| Gorice |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Somalia}} ''Somálsko'' |
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! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
! colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | {{flagu|Turkey}} ''Turecko'' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan= |
| rowspan=3 align=top | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] |
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| [[ |
| [[Istanbul|İstanbul]] |
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| Istanbul |
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| Drinopol |
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|- |
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| [[İstanbul]] |
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| Konstantinopol, Cařihrad |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[İzmir]] |
| [[İzmir]] |
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| rowspan=16 align=top | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
| rowspan=16 align=top | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
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| [[Dnipro|Дніпро (Dnipro)]] |
| [[Dnipro|Дніпро (Dnipro)]] |
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| Dnipro |
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| Dněpropetrovsk |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Cherkasy|Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy)]] |
| [[Cherkasy|Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy)]] |
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| Charkov |
| Charkov |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Kherson| |
| [[Kherson|Херсон (Kherson)]] |
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| Cherson |
| Cherson |
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|- |
|- |
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| Novgorod Severský |
| Novgorod Severský |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Volodymyr |
| [[Volodymyr (city)|Володимир (Volodymyr)]] |
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| Volodymyr |
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| Vladimir Volyňský |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
| [[Zaporizhia|Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist |refs= |
{{reflist |refs= |
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<ref name="Radio Prague"> |
<ref name="Radio Prague">{{cite web|url=http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120323143425/http://archiv.radio.cz/english/language/18-6-99.html|archive-date=23 March 2012|title=It's all Greek to me|work=[[Radio Prague]] transcript|date=18 June 1999}}</ref> |
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}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:53, 11 April 2024
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
Notes
- ^ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ^ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ^ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ^ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "It's all Greek to me". Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.