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{{distinguish-otheruses2|Critique|Critic}} |
{{distinguish-otheruses2|Critique|Critic}} |
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A '''critic''' is a professional who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theater, fashion, architecture and food. Critical judgments, whether derived from [[critical thinking]] or not, weigh up a range of factors, including an assessment of the extent to which the item under review achieves its purpose and its creator's intention and a knowledge of its context. They may also include a positive or negative personal response. Cultural critic [[Clement Greenberg]] wrote that a good critic excels through "insights into the evidence |
A '''critic''' is a professional who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theater, fashion, architecture and food. Critical judgments, whether derived from [[critical thinking]] or not, weigh up a range of factors, including an assessment of the extent to which the item under review achieves its purpose and its creator's intention and a knowledge of its context. They may also include a positive or negative personal response. Cultural critic [[Clement Greenberg]] wrote that a good critic excels through "insights into the evidence … and by … loyalty to the relevant"; poet and critic [[T. S. Eliot|T.S. Eliot]] wrote "a critic must have a very highly developed sense of fact".<ref>{{Cite book|title = Art and Culture – Critical Essays|last = Greenberg|first = Clement|publisher = Beacon Press|year = 1961|isbn = |location = Boston|page = 239|chapter = T.S. Eliot: A Book Review}}</ref> Other characteristics of a good critic are articulateness, preferably having the ability to use language with a high level of appeal and skill. Sympathy, sensitivity and insight are important too. Form, style and medium are all considered by the critic. In architecture and food criticism, the item's function, value and cost may be added components. |
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Formally, the word is applied to persons who are publicly accepted and, to a significant degree, followed because of the quality of their assessments or their reputation. Unlike other individuals who may editorialize on subjects via web sites or letters written to publications, professional critics are paid to produce their assessment and opinions for print, radio, magazine, television, or Internet companies. Persons who give opinions on current events, public affairs, sports, media, and historical events are often referred to as "[[pundits]]" instead of "critics." |
Formally, the word is applied to persons who are publicly accepted and, to a significant degree, followed because of the quality of their assessments or their reputation. Unlike other individuals who may editorialize on subjects via web sites or letters written to publications, professional critics are paid to produce their assessment and opinions for print, radio, magazine, television, or Internet companies. Persons who give opinions on current events, public affairs, sports, media, and historical events are often referred to as "[[pundits]]" instead of "critics." |
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Critics are themselves subject to competing critics, since the final critical judgment always entails some [[subjectivity]]. An established critic can play a powerful role as a public [[arbitration|arbiter]] of taste or opinion. |
Critics are themselves subject to competing critics, since the final critical judgment always entails some [[subjectivity]]. An established critic can play a powerful role as a public [[arbitration|arbiter]] of taste or opinion. Also, critics or coordinated group of critics, may award symbols of recognition. |
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⚫ | {{Quote|quote=Rothko's dilemma was that he wanted to employ the vocabulary of symbolism{{snds}}the palpitating indeterminate space, the excruciatingly refined colour, the obsession with nuance, the presence of Mallarmé's "negated object"{{snds}}to render the patriarchal despair and elevation of the Old Testament. Criticism doesn't get sharper, or more sensitive, or more deeply sympathetic to the object, than that.|source=[[Robert Hughes (critic)]] on (artist) [[Mark Rothko]]<ref name=Craven>{{cite news|last1=Craven|first1=Peter|title=The Spectacle of Skill review: The genius of Robert Hughes as critic and writer|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/the-spectacle-of-skill-review-the-genius-of-robert-hughes-as-critic-and-writer-20151214-glmyct.html|accessdate=December 21, 2015|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=December 16, 2015}}</ref>}} |
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== Derivation == |
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''Rothko's dilemma was that he wanted to employ the vocabulary of symbolism – the palpitating indeterminate space, the excruciatingly refined colour, the obsession with nuance, the presence of Mallarmé's 'negated object' – to render the patriarchal despair and elevation of the Old Testament.'' |
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⚫ | The word "critic" comes {{ety|gre|''κριτικός'' (kritikós)|able to discern}},<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkritiko%2Fs Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus], ''Kritikos'', Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott.</ref> which is a Greek derivation of the word {{lang|grc|κριτής}} ''({{lang|grc-Latn|krités}})'', meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis, value judgment, interpretation or observation.<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkrith%2Fs Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus], ''Krites'', Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott.</ref> |
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⚫ | Criticism doesn't get sharper, or more sensitive, or more deeply sympathetic to the object, than that. |
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== History == |
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Early English meaning of criticism was based mainly on the criticism of literature and it was the 17th century that more general form of criticism began.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZD_MAwAAQBAJ|title=Communication Matters: Communication, Communication|last=Reviews|first=Cram101 Textbook|date=2015-11-04|publisher=Cram101 Textbook Reviews|isbn=9781490296135|language=en}}</ref> In the 20th century with feminism came critics who identified themselves as Feminist critics. Feminist critics based their criticism from a feminist point of view.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdP2BgxsM3wC|title=The Feminist Spectator as Critic|last=Dolan|first=Jill|date=2012-10-24|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0472035193|language=en}}</ref> Daniel Mendelsohn described the equation of criticism for critics as Knowledge + taste = meaningful judgment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/a-critics-manifesto|title=A Critic’s Manifesto|last=Mendelsohn|first=Daniel|date=2012-08-28|newspaper=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref> Critics can criticize art, music, movies, books. ballet, play, video games, government or government policies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/everyones-a-critic-1455147994|title=Everyone’s a Critic|last=Spiegelman|first=Willard|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/beijing-critic-family-detained-china-internet-crackdown/3256261.html|title=Beijing Critic Says Family Detained in China in Internet Crackdown|website=VOA|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/angered-game-developer-sues-game-critic-jim-sterling-fo-1765484317|title=Angered Game Developer Sues Critic Jim Sterling For $10 Million|last=Klepek|first=Patrick|website=Kotaku|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref> Critics of government and government policies risk imprisonment or death for their criticism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/hrw-calls-for-release-of-thai-government-critic/3238970.html|title=HRW Calls for Release of Thai Government Critic|website=VOA|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/03/21/zambian-opposition-leader-arrested-for-defaming-president-lungu/|title=Zambian opposition leader arrested for ‘defaming’ President Lungu|website=africanews.channel|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistanis-throng-for-funeral-of-man-hanged-for-killing-critic-of-blasphemy-laws-1456855688|title=Pakistanis Throng Funeral of Man Hanged for Killing Critic of Blasphemy Laws|last=Shah|first=Saeed|last2=Nauman|first2=Qasim|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-nemtsov-idUSKCN0W00M4|title=Thousands march in Moscow to honor slain Kremlin critic Nemtsov|date=2016-02-28|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref> Some critics like [[Roger Ebert]] achieve iconic status in pop culture and become well regarded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/76577/roger-ebert-statue-illinois/|title=Roger Ebert Statue Unveiled Outside Illinois Theater|last=Rothman|first=Lily|website=TIME.com|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/weird-news/man-arrested-overdue-freddy-got-fingered-video-rental-2002-n545366|title=Man Arrested for Overdue Tom Green Rental From 2002|website=NBC News|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/25/roger-ebert-film-critic-statue-ebertfest|title=Statue commemorating thumbs-up film critic Roger Ebert unveiled|last=Child|first=Ben|date=2014-04-25|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref> |
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Several websites have developed specifically for the purpose of compiling or publishing original critical reviews. Examples include ''[[Blogcritics|BlogCritics Magazine]]'', [[Rotten Tomatoes]], and [[Yelp]]. According to [[A. O. Scott]], chief film critic for ''[[The New York Times]]'', everyone on the Internet is a critic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/sunday-review/everybodys-a-critic-and-thats-how-it-should-be.html|title=Everybody’s a Critic. And That’s How It Should Be.|last=Scott|first=A. O.|authorlink=A. O. Scott|date=2016-01-30|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-03-27}}</ref> |
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Several websites have developed specifically for the purpose of compiling or publishing original critical reviews. Examples include ''[[Blogcritics|BlogCritics Magazine]]'', [[Rotten Tomatoes]], and [[Yelp]]. |
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== Responses to critics == |
== Responses to critics == |
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|quote = ''We do not object to criticism; and we do not expect that the critic will read the book before writing a notice of it. We do not even expect the reviewer of the book will say that he has not read it. No we have no anticipations of anything unusual in this age of criticism.'' |
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[[Satire|Satirical]] comment about potential criticism by [[Mark Twain]] and [[Charles Dudley Warner]] in their Preface to the American Edition of their co-authored novel [[The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today]].<ref name=SLC&CDW>{{cite book|last1=Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner|title=The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today|date=1903|publisher=Chatto & Windus|page=ix|chapter=Preface to the American edition}}</ref> |
{{Quote|quote=We do not object to criticism; and we do not expect that the critic will read the book before writing a notice of it. We do not even expect the reviewer of the book will say that he has not read it. No we have no anticipations of anything unusual in this age of criticism.|source=[[Satire|Satirical]] comment about potential criticism by [[Mark Twain]] and [[Charles Dudley Warner]] in their Preface to the American Edition of their co-authored novel ''[[The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today]]''.<ref name=SLC&CDW>{{cite book|last1=Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner|title=The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today|date=1903|publisher=Chatto & Windus|page=ix|chapter=Preface to the American edition}}</ref> |
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* [[Analysis]] |
* [[Analysis]] |
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* [[Art criticism]] |
* [[Art criticism]] |
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* [[Censorship]] |
* [[Censorship]] |
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* [[Complaint]] |
* [[Complaint]] |
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* [[Connoisseur]] |
* [[Connoisseur]] |
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* [[Constructive criticism]] |
* [[Constructive criticism]] |
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* [[Critical |
* [[Critical philosophy]] |
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* [[Critical theory]] |
* [[Critical theory]] |
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* [[Critical theory (Frankfurt School)]] |
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* [[Critical thinking]] |
* [[Critical thinking]] |
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* [[Critical vocabulary]] |
* [[Critical vocabulary]] |
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* [[Film criticism]] |
* [[Film criticism]] |
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* [[Food critic]] |
* [[Food critic]] |
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* [[Frankfurt School of social theory]] |
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* [[Literary criticism]] |
* [[Literary criticism]] |
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* [[Music journalism]] |
* [[Music journalism]] |
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{{Portal bar|Arts|History|Journalism|Philosophy}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Criticism]] |
[[Category:Criticism]] |