→Classification: Correction of some misinformations according to the given references. Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
The speakers of Chittagongian indentity themselves as Bengali. So, Chittagongian is not an ethnicity there ethnicity is Bengali. It was also discussed in the talk page. Tags: Reverted Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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| pronunciation = [saŋʈgaiyaŋ]<br/>[siʈaiŋga] |
| pronunciation = [saŋʈgaiyaŋ]<br/>[siʈaiŋga] |
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| states = [[Bangladesh]] |
| states = [[Bangladesh]] |
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| ethnicity = [[ |
| ethnicity = [[Bengalis|Bengali]] |
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| region = [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong region]] |
| region = [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong region]] |
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| image = চাটগাঁইয়া.svg |
| image = চাটগাঁইয়া.svg |
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[[File:Bengali dialects political map.svg|thumb|{{Legend|green|Chittagonian Language speaking area}}]] |
[[File:Bengali dialects political map.svg|thumb|{{Legend|green|Chittagonian Language speaking area}}]] |
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'''Chittagonian''' ({{lang|ctg|চাটগাঁইয়া}} ''saṭgãia'' or {{lang|ctg|চিটাইঙ্গা}} ''siʈaiŋga'')<ref name="b">{{cite Banglapedia|article=Chittagong_City}}</ref><ref name="pro">{{cite web |title=চট্টগ্রামের আঞ্চলিক স্বকীয়তা |url=https://nagorik.prothomalo.com/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE |website=Prothomalo |access-date=16 August 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] spoken in parts of the [[Chittagong Division]] in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=e25/> Its speakers identify with Bengali culture and the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Masica |year=1991 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |place= Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=25}}</ref> but Chittagonian and Bengali are not [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]].<ref name=e25/> Chittagonian is considered to be a separate language by |
'''Chittagonian''' ({{lang|ctg|চাটগাঁইয়া}} ''saṭgãia'' or {{lang|ctg|চিটাইঙ্গা}} ''siʈaiŋga'')<ref name="b">{{cite Banglapedia|article=Chittagong_City}}</ref><ref name="pro">{{cite web |title=চট্টগ্রামের আঞ্চলিক স্বকীয়তা |url=https://nagorik.prothomalo.com/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE |website=Prothomalo |access-date=16 August 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]] variety spoken in parts of the [[Chittagong Division]] in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=e25/> Its speakers identify with Bengali culture and the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Masica |year=1991 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |place= Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=25}}</ref> but Chittagonian and standard Bengali are not [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]].<ref name=e25/> Chittagonian is considered to be a separate language by some linguists.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Masica |year=1991 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |place= Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=16}} "The dialect of Chittagong, in southeast Bangladesh, is different enough to be considered a separate language."</ref> It is mutually intelligible to a certain extent with [[Rohingya language|Rohingya]]. It is estimated (2009) that Chittagonian has 13 million speakers, principally in Bangladesh.<ref name=e25/> |
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==Classification== |
==Classification== |
Revision as of 09:52, 2 March 2023
Chittagonian | |
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চাটগাঁইয়া[1] চিটাইঙ্গা[2] | |
Pronunciation | [saŋʈgaiyaŋ] [siʈaiŋga] |
Native to | Bangladesh |
Region | Chittagong region |
Ethnicity | Bengali |
Native speakers | 13 million (2006)[3] to 16 million (2007)[4] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ctg |
ctg | |
Glottolog | chit1275 |
Linguasphere | 73-DEE-aa |
Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া saṭgãia or চিটাইঙ্গা siʈaiŋga)[1][2] is an Indo-Aryan language variety spoken in parts of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh.[3] Its speakers identify with Bengali culture and the Bengali language,[7] but Chittagonian and standard Bengali are not mutually intelligible.[3] Chittagonian is considered to be a separate language by some linguists.[8] It is mutually intelligible to a certain extent with Rohingya. It is estimated (2009) that Chittagonian has 13 million speakers, principally in Bangladesh.[3]
Classification
Chittagonian is a member of the Bengali-Assamese sub-branch of the Eastern group of Indo-Aryan languages, a branch of the wider Indo-European language family. It is derived through an Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan from Old Indo-Aryan, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.[3] Grierson (1903) grouped the dialects of Chittagong under Southeastern Bengali. Chatterji (1926) places Chittagonian in the eastern Vangiya group of dialects of Bengali language and notes that all Bengali dialects were independent of each other and did not emanate from the literary Bengali called "sadhu bhasha".[9] Among the different dialect groups of these eastern dialects, Chittagonian has phonetic and morphological properties that are not present in other western dialects of Bengali.[10]
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | k | ||
aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | ɡ | |||
breathy | bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | |||
Affricate | voiceless | ts | tɕ | ||||
aspirated | tɕʰ | ||||||
voiced | dʑ | ||||||
breathy | dʑʱ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f~ɸ | s | ʃ | x | h | |
voiced | z | ɣ | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
Trill/Tap | ɾ~r | ɽ | |||||
Approximant | lateral | l | |||||
central | (w) | (j) |
- Approximants [w j] are only heard as allophones of vowels /i u/.
- /ts/ can have a post-alveolar allophone of [tʃ].
- /ʃ/ can have an allophone of [ç].
- /f/ can have a bilabial allophone of [ɸ] .[11]
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | u | |
High-mid | e | o | |
Low-mid | (ɛ) | ɔ | |
Low | æ | a |
- Nasalization occurs for seven vowels /ĩ ẽ æ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/.
- [ɛ] is heard as an allophone of /æ/.[12]
Writing system
The Arabic script has historically been used to write this language.
The Bengali script (Bangla Lipi) and Latin script are used to write this language.
Gboard for Android has added Chittagongian Keyboard.[13]
See also
Bibliography
- Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926). The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. Calcutta University Press.
- Grierson, G A, ed. (1903). Linguistic Survey of India: Indo-Aryan Family Eastern Group. Vol. V. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
References
- ^ a b Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Chittagong City". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ a b "চট্টগ্রামের আঞ্চলিক স্বকীয়তা". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Chittagonian at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007
- ^ "Chittagonian language and alphabet".
- ^ "Chittagonian language and alphabet".
- ^ Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 25.
- ^ Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 16. "The dialect of Chittagong, in southeast Bangladesh, is different enough to be considered a separate language."
- ^ "Dialects are independent of literary speech: as such East Bengali dialects, North Bengali dialects and West Bengali dialects are not only independent of one another, but also they are not, as it is popularly believed in Bengal, derived from literary Bengali, the "sadhu-bhasha", which is a composite speech on an early West Bengali basis."(Chatterji 1926:108)
- ^ Chatterji (1926), p. 138.
- ^ Hai, Muhammad A. (1965). A study of Chittagong dialect. In Anwar S. Dil (ed.), Studies in Pakistani Linguistics. pp. 17–38.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Moniruzzaman, M. (2007). Dialect of Chittagong. In Morshed, A. K. M.; Language and Literature: Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Gboard for Android Adds Support for Over 20 New Languages". NDTV Gadgets 360. Retrieved 25 May 2021.