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[[Image:CCTV Building.jpg|thumb|right|[[China Central Television Tower|CCTV's outgoing headquarters]]]] |
[[Image:CCTV Building.jpg|thumb|right|[[China Central Television Tower|CCTV's outgoing headquarters]]]] |
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'''China Central Television''' or '''Chinese Central Television''' ({{zh|s=中国中央电视台|t=中國中央電視臺|p={{linktext|Zhōngguó |Zhōngyāng |Diànshìtái}}}}), commonly abbreviated as '''CCTV''' ({{zh|s=央视|t=央視|p=Yāngshì}}), is the major [[State media|state]] [[television network|television broadcaster]] in [[mainland China]]. CCTV has a network of 19 channels broadcasting different programmes and is accessible to more than one billion viewers.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/22/sports/olympics/22cctv.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&oref=slogin Olympics Are Ratings Bonanza for Chinese TV, NYT]</ref> Most of its programmes are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment and drama, the majority of which consists of Chinese [[soap opera]]s and entertainment. This station is one of the official mouthpieces of the [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] government, and reports directly to high-level officials in the Communist Party of China's |
'''China Central Television''' or '''Chinese Central Television''' ({{zh|s=中国中央电视台|t=中國中央電視臺|p={{linktext|Zhōngguó |Zhōngyāng |Diànshìtái}}}}), commonly abbreviated as '''CCTV''' ({{zh|s=央视|t=央視|p=Yāngshì}}), is the major [[State media|state]] [[television network|television broadcaster]] in [[mainland China]]. CCTV has a network of 19 channels broadcasting different programmes and is accessible to more than one billion viewers.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/22/sports/olympics/22cctv.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&oref=slogin Olympics Are Ratings Bonanza for Chinese TV, NYT]</ref> Most of its programmes are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment, and drama, the majority of which consists of Chinese [[soap opera]]s and entertainment. This station is one of the official mouthpieces of the [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] government, and reports directly to high-level officials in the Communist Party of China's[[Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China|Central Propaganda Department]] (CPC) .<ref name=brady08 /> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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CCTV Peking ([[Beijing]]) Television (北京电视台) broadcasts its first programme on 2 September 1958. Due to |
CCTV Peking ([[Beijing]]) Television (北京电视台) broadcasts its first programme on 2 September 1958. Due to increasing demands, it soon launched its second channel in the 1960s. Starting from 1 May 1973, Peking Television began broadcasting experimentally in colour on its second channel every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday using the [[PAL|PAL-D]] system, and fully converted to colour broadcasting by 1977. The network changed its name to CCTV on 1 May 1978.<ref>[http://www.cctv.com/english/20030805/101215.shtml "About us", cctv.com, 08-05-2003]</ref> |
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Until the late |
Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight. During the summer and winter academic vacations, it occasionally transmitted daytime programming for students. In 1980 CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via [[microwave]].<ref>Miller, T. (2003). ''Television: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies.'' Routledge. ISBN 978-0415255028.</ref> By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987 CCTV's popularity soared due to the adaptation and presentation of ''[[ [[Dream of the Red Chamber (1987 TV series)|Dream of the Red Chamber]]''. The 36-episode TV series—the first Chinese television drama to enter the global market—<ref name=kops>Kops, M. & Ollig, S. ''Internationalization of the Chinese TV Sector.'' LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2007. pp. 33. ISBN 978-3825807535.</ref>still remains popular in the international market. In the same year, CCTV exported 10,216 programmes to 77 foreign television stations.<ref name=kops/> |
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Initially, the [[Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee]] issued directive [[Censorship in the People's Republic of China|censorship]] of |
Initially, the [[Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee]] issued directive [[Censorship in the People's Republic of China|censorship]] of programs. During reform in the 1990s, the Party adopted new standards for CCTV, "affordability" and "acceptability", loosening the previous government control.<ref>Kops & Ollig, pp. 34.</ref> Affordability refers to purchasing ability of programs, while acceptability requires that a programme has acceptable content, preventing broadcasts of material that contains inappropriate content or holds against the [[Communist Party of China]].<ref>Kops & Ollig, pp. 35.</ref> |
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On |
On 2 September 2008 the new [[CCTV Headquarters]] was opened on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of CCTV. |
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In July 2009 |
In July 2009 CCTV expanded its coverage and target audience by launching CCTV-العربية , its international channel in [[Arabic language]].<ref>[http://www.knowckers.org/2009/08/strategie-de-puissance-et-dinfluence-le-pragmatisme-chinois/ "About Chinese pragmatism"]</ref> |
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Today, CCTV has 16 national channels, most of them |
Today, CCTV has 16 national channels, most of them airing 24 hours a day. |
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===2009 fire=== |
===2009 fire=== |
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{{main|Beijing Television Cultural Center fire}} |
{{main|Beijing Television Cultural Center fire}} |
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On |
On 9 February 2009 [[Beijing Television Cultural Center fire|Television Cultural Center]] caught fire on the last day of the festivities of [[Chinese New Year]], killing one firefighter.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news |first=Andrew|last=Jacobs|title= Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/asia/10beijing.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=beijing%20fire&st=cse |work=[[New York Times]] |publisher=|date=2009-02-09 |accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> The blaze rendered the 42-story structure unusable, as the zinc and titanium alloy of the outer skin was burnt.<ref name="NYTravage">{{cite news|work=New York Times|title=Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/world/asia/10beijing.html |first=Andrew|last=Jacobs|date=2009-02-09|accessdate=2009-02-10}}</ref> The Mandarin Oriental Hotel was destroyed before its expected 2009 opening.<ref name=nyt/> |
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The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/38400de8-f9c2-11dd-9daa-000077b07658.html Beijing fire evokes mixed reactions], ''Financial Times'', February 13, 2009.</ref> The incident was mocked by [[netizens]] who reproduced [[Photoshop]]ped photos of the fire and criticised CCTV for [[Censorship in the People's Republic of China|censoring]] coverage. Pictures of the fire are widely distributed on the internet, as a result of [[citizen journalism]].<ref>[http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/18432-credibility-of-cctv-tarnished-by-big-fire Credibility of CCTV tarnished by big fire], ''The Malaysian Insider'', |
The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/38400de8-f9c2-11dd-9daa-000077b07658.html Beijing fire evokes mixed reactions], ''Financial Times'', February 13, 2009.</ref> The incident was mocked by [[netizens]] who reproduced [[Photoshop]]ped photos of the fire and criticised CCTV for [[Censorship in the People's Republic of China|censoring]] coverage. Pictures of the fire are widely distributed on the internet, as a result of [[citizen journalism]].<ref>[http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/18432-credibility-of-cctv-tarnished-by-big-fire Credibility of CCTV tarnished by big fire], ''The Malaysian Insider'', 16 February 2009.</ref> |
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==Organization== |
==Organization== |
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[[Image:CCTV-new-building.jpg|thumb |
[[Image:CCTV-new-building.jpg|thumb|Key staff are transferring to [[China Central Television Headquarters building|CCTV's new headquarters]]]] |
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China Central Television falls under the supervision of the [[State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television]] which is in turn subordinate to the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China]]. A Vice [[Political minister|Minister]] of the state council serves as chairman of CCTV. The organisation has relationships with regional television stations run by local governments, which must reserve up to two channels for the national broadcaster.<ref name=ad>[http://www.adweek.com/aw/google/article_brief/1003541507 CCTV: One Network, 1.2 Billion Viewers], ''Adweek'', |
China Central Television falls under the supervision of the [[State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television]] which is in turn subordinate to the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China]]. A Vice [[Political minister|Minister]] of the state council serves as chairman of CCTV. The organisation has relationships with regional television stations run by local governments, which must reserve up to two channels for the national broadcaster.<ref name=ad>[http://www.adweek.com/aw/google/article_brief/1003541507 CCTV: One Network, 1.2 Billion Viewers], ''Adweek'', 5 February 2007.</ref> |
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The organization |
The organization is considered one of the "big three" media outlets in China, along with the ''[[People's Daily]]'' and [[Xinhua]].<ref>Li, J. & Lee, C. (2000). ''Power, Money, and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China.'' Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810117877.</ref> |
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==Criticism== |
==Criticism== |
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The |
The network's principal directors and other officers are appointed by the State, and so are the top officials at local conventional television stations in mainland China; nearly all of them are restricted to broadcasting within their own province or municipality. [[Editorial independence]] is subject to government policy considerations, and as a result, it has been charged with being "propaganda aimed at brainwashing the audience" in its history and news programmes in a letter written by a number of Chinese intellectuals who also called for a boycott of state media was posted on a US-based website and has circulated through Chinese websites.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7824255.stm China TV faces propaganda charge], ''BBC News'', January 12, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_325896.html 'Boycott state media' call], ''The Straits Times'', January 14, 2009.</ref> |
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Journalists working for CCTV-9, the network's English-language international channel (now known as CCTV News) |
Journalists working for CCTV-9, the network's English-language international channel (now known as CCTV News), are under constant pressure to present a positive account of China, according to Anne-Marie Brady's study published in 2008. "In August 2005, a series of items reported factually on coal mining disaster in China; soon after the channel's leaders received a warning from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that its reports were harming China's international image. Following this incident, senior editorial staff and journalists were all forced to write self-criticisms."<ref name=brady08>Anne-Marie Brady, ''Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China'', Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.</ref> |
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Brady says that while the channel's equipment is state |
Brady says that while the channel's equipment is state-of-the-art, the employees are not well trained in how to use it, so there are frequent errors during broadcast. "The political controls on the station contribute to a general low level of morale and initiative among station staff," she writes.<ref name=brady08 /> |
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==Programmes== |
==Programmes== |
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CCTV produces its own |
CCTV produces its own news broadcasts three times a day and is the country's most powerful and prolific television program producer. |
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Its thirty-minute evening news, ''[[Xinwen Lianbo]]'' ("News Simulcast"), is goes on air daily at 7:00 PM Beijing |
Its thirty-minute evening news, ''[[Xinwen Lianbo]]'' ("News Simulcast"), is goes on air daily at 7:00 PM Beijing time. All local stations are required to carry CCTV's news broadcast. An internal CCTV survey indicates that nearly 500 million people countrywide regularly watch this program.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/the-chinese-media-more-autonomous-and-diverse-within-limits/copy_of_1.htm The Chinese Media: More Autonomous and Diverse—Within Limits], ''CIA''.</ref> However, the figure has slumped in recent years; the program now has 10% of the ratings market, compared to 40% before 1998.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-06/10/content_8266365.htm CCTV to revamp flagship news program], ''[[China Daily]]'', 10 June 2009</ref> |
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[[Image:China Central Television logo.png|150px|right|thumb|Former logo of China Central Television<ref>[http://www.tujiji.com/blog/post/20.html Logos of major television stations in China]</ref><ref>[http://www.zznews.cn/llpd/zcjd/2009-2-20/200922060K+ZM5aWW91610.shtml 央视台标之争:文化自尊还是法律问题]</ref><ref>[http://www.mingzong.com/history_today/0902/shishangtoutiao&p= 北京电视台(中央电视台前身)正式开播]</ref>]] |
[[Image:China Central Television logo.png|150px|right|thumb|Former logo of China Central Television<ref>[http://www.tujiji.com/blog/post/20.html Logos of major television stations in China]</ref><ref>[http://www.zznews.cn/llpd/zcjd/2009-2-20/200922060K+ZM5aWW91610.shtml 央视台标之争:文化自尊还是法律问题]</ref><ref>[http://www.mingzong.com/history_today/0902/shishangtoutiao&p= 北京电视台(中央电视台前身)正式开播]</ref>]] |
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Although news reform has been a prominent feature of CCTV networks, the Evening News has remained relatively the same since its first appearance in the early 1980s. Many important political news stories are broadcast through the program. |
Although news reform has been a prominent feature of CCTV networks, the Evening News has remained relatively the same since its first appearance in the early 1980s. Many important political news stories are broadcast through the program. |
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''Focus'' |
''Focus'', first introduced in 1994, is a popular programme on CCTV. This discussion programme regularly exposes the wrongdoings of local officials, which attracts serious attention from higher levels of government. The programme also exposes the Chinese Government's response to the corrupt charges.<ref name=shirk>Shirk, S. L. (2007). ''China: Fragile Superpower.'' Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0195306095.</ref> |
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The [[CCTV New Year's Gala]] ({{zh|s=中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会}}) |
The ''[[CCTV New Year's Gala]]'' ({{zh|s=中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会}})—a yearly special program for the Chinese New Year—is the most-watched CCTV programme.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2009/0214/1233867937626.html 'Green Dragon' fires up Chinese hopes], ''Irish Times'', 14 February 2009.</ref> Research in 2007 showed that the Gala was watched by over 800 million people worldwide. |
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In 2003 |
In 2003 CCTV launched its first [[24-hour news cycle|24-hour news]] channel, initially available to cable viewers.<ref name=lat>Latham, K. ''Pop Culture China!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle.'' ABC-CLIO, 2007. pp.60 ISBN 978-1851095827.</ref> |
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==Audience share== |
==Audience share== |
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In 2007 |
In 2007 China's television audience rose to 1.2 billion.<ref>[http://adage.com/results?start=30&endeca=1&return=endeca&D=11%2F05%2F2008&Nty=1&N=4294966457&Ns=P_Ranking|1 China's TV audience passes 1.2 billion], ''Advertising Age'', 9 January 2008.</ref> The [[2008 Summer Olympics]] coverage on CCTV resulted in an aggregate 41% audience share across its network.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/feeds/businesswire/2008/11/24/businesswire116982152.html China Mass Media Announces Third Quarter 2008 Unaudited Financial Results]. ''Forbes'', 24 November 2008.</ref> As content becomes more diversified, there have been concerns about the audience share, as CCTV is losing out to cable, satellite and regional networks.<ref>Li, J. & Lee, C. ''Chinese Media, Global Contexts: Global Contexts.'' Routledge, 2003. pp. 168. ISBN 978-0415303347.</ref> In [[Guangzhou]] for example, CCTV programming only accounts for 45% of the weekly audience share, compared to 78% of Hong Kong's ''[[TVB Jade]]'' and ''[[Asia Television Limited|ATV]]'' and 80% for [[Guangzhou Broadcasting Network |
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|Guangzhou TV]].<ref>Yuan, Elaine J. (2008). [http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/854019__791458002.pdf Diversity of exposure in television viewing: audience fragmentation and polarization in Guangzhou |
|Guangzhou TV]].<ref>Yuan, Elaine J. (2008). [http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/854019__791458002.pdf Diversity of exposure in television viewing: audience fragmentation and polarization in Guangzhou] ''Chinese Journal of Communication'' 1:1, 91 — 108.</ref> Similarly, [[Shanghai]]'s local stations reported a 71% audience share over CCTV.<ref>Wang, J. ''Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture.'' Harvard University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0674026803.</ref> However, the ''CCTV New Year's Gala'' remains extremely popular; it acquires more than 90% audience share over the nation.<ref name=lat/> |
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==Personalities== |
==Personalities== |
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Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, [[news anchor]]s, correspondents, and |
Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, [[news anchor]]s, correspondents, and contributors who appear throughout daily programing on the network. |
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'''CCTV-3 (Art and Entertainment) anchors''' |
'''CCTV-3 (Art and Entertainment) anchors''' |
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*[[Li Yong (television host)|Li Yong]] ( |
*[[Li Yong (television host)|Li Yong]] (game shows and ''CCTV New Year's Gala'') |
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*[[Zhu Jun (host)|Zhu Jun]] |
*[[Zhu Jun (host)|Zhu Jun]] |
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*[[Zhou Tao]] |
*[[Zhou Tao]] |
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{| |
{| |
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# [[CCTV-1]] General |
# [[CCTV-1]] General |
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# [[CCTV-2]] Finance (formerly Economy & Life until |
# [[CCTV-2]] Finance (formerly Economy & Life until 24 August 2009) |
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# [[CCTV-3]] Arts and Entertainment (literally Variety show) |
# [[CCTV-3]] Arts and Entertainment (literally Variety show) |
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# [[CCTV-4]] International (in Chinese) |
# [[CCTV-4]] International (in Chinese) |
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The overseas channels are widely available across many cable and satellite providers. CCTV administration plans to create a [[Portuguese language | Portuguese] channel by 2010 and a CCTV English News station by 2011. |
The overseas channels are widely available across many cable and satellite providers. CCTV administration plans to create a [[Portuguese language | Portuguese] channel by 2010 and a CCTV English News station by 2011. |
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The CCTV-4 channel |
The CCTV-4 channel split into three separate channels on 1 April 2007—each serves different time zones: [[China Standard Time]], [[Greenwich Mean Time]] (GMT), and [[Eastern Standard Time]] (EST)—in order to improve service for audiences around the world.<ref name=ad/> |
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On July |
On 25 July 2009, CCTV launched its Arabic-language [[CCTV International Arabic|international channel]], stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arabic nations.<ref>[http://www.cctv.com/program/newshour/20090724/104693.shtml CCTV launches Arabic international channel] - CCTV.com</ref> The Arabic Channel serves the Middle East, North Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.<ref>[http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20090725-157065.html CCTV launches Arabic channel] - asiaone News, 25 July 2009.</ref><ref>Bristow, Michael (25 July 2009). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8166486.stm China launches Arabic TV channel]. [[BBC News]].</ref> |
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On |
On 10 September 2009 CCTV began broadcasting its [[Russian language|Russian-language]] channel. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 21:24, 13 March 2011
File:CCTV.svg | |
Company type | Television network, Satellite television and Cable television |
---|---|
Industry | Television Broadcasting |
Founded | September 2, 1958 |
Headquarters | Beijing, People's Republic of China |
Key people | Jiao Li (President) Zhang Changming (Vice-President) |
Products | Television content, Television programming |
RMB 1,120,000,000 | |
Number of employees | 10,000 |
Parent | State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television |
Website | www.cctv.com |
Template:Contains Chinese text
China Central Television or Chinese Central Television (simplified Chinese: 中国中央电视台; traditional Chinese: 中國中央電視臺; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái), commonly abbreviated as CCTV (simplified Chinese: 央视; traditional Chinese: 央視; pinyin: Yāngshì), is the major state television broadcaster in mainland China. CCTV has a network of 19 channels broadcasting different programmes and is accessible to more than one billion viewers.[1] Most of its programmes are a mixture of documentary, comedy, entertainment, and drama, the majority of which consists of Chinese soap operas and entertainment. This station is one of the official mouthpieces of the Chinese government, and reports directly to high-level officials in the Communist Party of China'sCentral Propaganda Department (CPC) .[2]
History
CCTV Peking (Beijing) Television (北京电视台) broadcasts its first programme on 2 September 1958. Due to increasing demands, it soon launched its second channel in the 1960s. Starting from 1 May 1973, Peking Television began broadcasting experimentally in colour on its second channel every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday using the PAL-D system, and fully converted to colour broadcasting by 1977. The network changed its name to CCTV on 1 May 1978.[3]
Until the late 1970s, CCTV held only evening broadcasts, usually closing down at midnight. During the summer and winter academic vacations, it occasionally transmitted daytime programming for students. In 1980 CCTV experimented with news relays from local and central television studios via microwave.[4] By 1985, CCTV had already become a leading television network in China. In 1987 CCTV's popularity soared due to the adaptation and presentation of [[ Dream of the Red Chamber. The 36-episode TV series—the first Chinese television drama to enter the global market—[5]still remains popular in the international market. In the same year, CCTV exported 10,216 programmes to 77 foreign television stations.[5]
Initially, the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee issued directive censorship of programs. During reform in the 1990s, the Party adopted new standards for CCTV, "affordability" and "acceptability", loosening the previous government control.[6] Affordability refers to purchasing ability of programs, while acceptability requires that a programme has acceptable content, preventing broadcasts of material that contains inappropriate content or holds against the Communist Party of China.[7]
On 2 September 2008 the new CCTV Headquarters was opened on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of CCTV.
In July 2009 CCTV expanded its coverage and target audience by launching CCTV-العربية , its international channel in Arabic language.[8]
Today, CCTV has 16 national channels, most of them airing 24 hours a day.
2009 fire
On 9 February 2009 Television Cultural Center caught fire on the last day of the festivities of Chinese New Year, killing one firefighter.[9] The blaze rendered the 42-story structure unusable, as the zinc and titanium alloy of the outer skin was burnt.[10] The Mandarin Oriental Hotel was destroyed before its expected 2009 opening.[9]
The fire had implications for the credibility of CCTV, which was already unpopular because of its dominance in the media.[11] The incident was mocked by netizens who reproduced Photoshopped photos of the fire and criticised CCTV for censoring coverage. Pictures of the fire are widely distributed on the internet, as a result of citizen journalism.[12]
Organization
China Central Television falls under the supervision of the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television which is in turn subordinate to the State Council of the People's Republic of China. A Vice Minister of the state council serves as chairman of CCTV. The organisation has relationships with regional television stations run by local governments, which must reserve up to two channels for the national broadcaster.[13]
The organization is considered one of the "big three" media outlets in China, along with the People's Daily and Xinhua.[14]
Criticism
The network's principal directors and other officers are appointed by the State, and so are the top officials at local conventional television stations in mainland China; nearly all of them are restricted to broadcasting within their own province or municipality. Editorial independence is subject to government policy considerations, and as a result, it has been charged with being "propaganda aimed at brainwashing the audience" in its history and news programmes in a letter written by a number of Chinese intellectuals who also called for a boycott of state media was posted on a US-based website and has circulated through Chinese websites.[15][16]
Journalists working for CCTV-9, the network's English-language international channel (now known as CCTV News), are under constant pressure to present a positive account of China, according to Anne-Marie Brady's study published in 2008. "In August 2005, a series of items reported factually on coal mining disaster in China; soon after the channel's leaders received a warning from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that its reports were harming China's international image. Following this incident, senior editorial staff and journalists were all forced to write self-criticisms."[2]
Brady says that while the channel's equipment is state-of-the-art, the employees are not well trained in how to use it, so there are frequent errors during broadcast. "The political controls on the station contribute to a general low level of morale and initiative among station staff," she writes.[2]
Programmes
CCTV produces its own news broadcasts three times a day and is the country's most powerful and prolific television program producer. Its thirty-minute evening news, Xinwen Lianbo ("News Simulcast"), is goes on air daily at 7:00 PM Beijing time. All local stations are required to carry CCTV's news broadcast. An internal CCTV survey indicates that nearly 500 million people countrywide regularly watch this program.[17] However, the figure has slumped in recent years; the program now has 10% of the ratings market, compared to 40% before 1998.[18]
Although news reform has been a prominent feature of CCTV networks, the Evening News has remained relatively the same since its first appearance in the early 1980s. Many important political news stories are broadcast through the program.
Focus, first introduced in 1994, is a popular programme on CCTV. This discussion programme regularly exposes the wrongdoings of local officials, which attracts serious attention from higher levels of government. The programme also exposes the Chinese Government's response to the corrupt charges.[22]
The CCTV New Year's Gala (Chinese: 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会)—a yearly special program for the Chinese New Year—is the most-watched CCTV programme.[23] Research in 2007 showed that the Gala was watched by over 800 million people worldwide.
In 2003 CCTV launched its first 24-hour news channel, initially available to cable viewers.[24]
Audience share
In 2007 China's television audience rose to 1.2 billion.[25] The 2008 Summer Olympics coverage on CCTV resulted in an aggregate 41% audience share across its network.[26] As content becomes more diversified, there have been concerns about the audience share, as CCTV is losing out to cable, satellite and regional networks.[27] In Guangzhou for example, CCTV programming only accounts for 45% of the weekly audience share, compared to 78% of Hong Kong's TVB Jade and ATV and 80% for [[Guangzhou Broadcasting Network |Guangzhou TV]].[28] Similarly, Shanghai's local stations reported a 71% audience share over CCTV.[29] However, the CCTV New Year's Gala remains extremely popular; it acquires more than 90% audience share over the nation.[24]
Personalities
Producing a variety of different programming, China Central Television has a number of different program hosts, news anchors, correspondents, and contributors who appear throughout daily programing on the network.
CCTV-3 (Art and Entertainment) anchors
CCTV-13 (Chinese Channel) anchors
CCTV-NEWS (English International Channel) program hosts
- Yin Chen - Culture Express
- Marc Edwards - Travelogue
- Michele Lean - Travelogue, Center Stage
- Edwin Maher - News Update, Asia Today
- Mark "Dashan" Rowswell - Communicate in Chinese
- Charlotte MacInnis (Ai Hua) - Growing up with Chinese
- Tracey Grebinski - "Rediscovering China"
- Vimbayi Kajese - News Update
- Jonas Gilbart - Sports Scene
CCTV-Français (French Channel) anchors
- Staff
- SONG Jianing - Rencontre
CCTV-Русский (Russian Channel) anchors
- Anchors list
- Алеся Корзун
- Наталия Каргапольцева
CCTV-العربية (Arabic Channel) anchors
Channels
The CCTV channels are listed in sequential order with no discerning descriptions, e.g. CCTV-1, CCTV-2, etc., similar to those channels in Europe and in other places around the world.
All CCTV channels are independently broadcast. The following is list of the channels with their names:
- CCTV-1 General
- CCTV-2 Finance (formerly Economy & Life until 24 August 2009)
- CCTV-3 Arts and Entertainment (literally Variety show)
- CCTV-4 International (in Chinese)
- CCTV-5 Sports
- CCTV-6 Movie
- CCTV-7 Military and Agriculture
- CCTV-8 TV series
- CCTV-9 Documentary (Chinese of Local)
- CCTV-9 Documentary (English of International)
- CCTV-10 Science and Education
- CCTV-11 Chinese Opera
- CCTV-12 Society and Law
- CCTV-13 News
- CCTV-14 Children
- CCTV-15 Music
- CCTV-NEWS International (in English; formerly CCTV-9)
- CCTV-Français International (in French)
- CCTV-Español International (in Spanish)
- CCTV-العربية International (in Arabic)
- CCTV-Русский International (in Russian)
- CCTV-HD High-definition
All CCTV channels are also broadcast via the following:
- Livestream - 24/7 non-stop online continuous broadcasting facility: (CCTV-News, CCTV-F, CCTV-E, CCTV-Pусский and CCTV-العربية (Arabic))
- Stream Vision (Same as above)
- CybersatelliteDirect
- Universe Satellite Network
- Galaxy Satellite [30]
- plus additional 10+ advanced integration satellite providers if possible
Overseas broadcasting
The overseas channels are widely available across many cable and satellite providers. CCTV administration plans to create a [[Portuguese language | Portuguese] channel by 2010 and a CCTV English News station by 2011.
The CCTV-4 channel split into three separate channels on 1 April 2007—each serves different time zones: China Standard Time, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and Eastern Standard Time (EST)—in order to improve service for audiences around the world.[13]
On 25 July 2009, CCTV launched its Arabic-language international channel, stating that it aims to maintain stronger links with Arabic nations.[31] The Arabic Channel serves the Middle East, North Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.[32][33]
On 10 September 2009 CCTV began broadcasting its Russian-language channel.
See also
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References
- ^ Olympics Are Ratings Bonanza for Chinese TV, NYT
- ^ a b c Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
- ^ "About us", cctv.com, 08-05-2003
- ^ Miller, T. (2003). Television: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415255028.
- ^ a b Kops, M. & Ollig, S. Internationalization of the Chinese TV Sector. LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2007. pp. 33. ISBN 978-3825807535.
- ^ Kops & Ollig, pp. 34.
- ^ Kops & Ollig, pp. 35.
- ^ "About Chinese pragmatism"
- ^ a b Jacobs, Andrew (2009-02-09). "Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ Jacobs, Andrew (2009-02-09). "Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ Beijing fire evokes mixed reactions, Financial Times, February 13, 2009.
- ^ Credibility of CCTV tarnished by big fire, The Malaysian Insider, 16 February 2009.
- ^ a b CCTV: One Network, 1.2 Billion Viewers, Adweek, 5 February 2007.
- ^ Li, J. & Lee, C. (2000). Power, Money, and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0810117877.
- ^ China TV faces propaganda charge, BBC News, January 12, 2009.
- ^ 'Boycott state media' call, The Straits Times, January 14, 2009.
- ^ The Chinese Media: More Autonomous and Diverse—Within Limits, CIA.
- ^ CCTV to revamp flagship news program, China Daily, 10 June 2009
- ^ Logos of major television stations in China
- ^ 央视台标之争:文化自尊还是法律问题
- ^ 北京电视台(中央电视台前身)正式开播
- ^ Shirk, S. L. (2007). China: Fragile Superpower. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0195306095.
- ^ 'Green Dragon' fires up Chinese hopes, Irish Times, 14 February 2009.
- ^ a b Latham, K. Pop Culture China!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle. ABC-CLIO, 2007. pp.60 ISBN 978-1851095827.
- ^ China's TV audience passes 1.2 billion, Advertising Age, 9 January 2008.
- ^ China Mass Media Announces Third Quarter 2008 Unaudited Financial Results. Forbes, 24 November 2008.
- ^ Li, J. & Lee, C. Chinese Media, Global Contexts: Global Contexts. Routledge, 2003. pp. 168. ISBN 978-0415303347.
- ^ Yuan, Elaine J. (2008). Diversity of exposure in television viewing: audience fragmentation and polarization in Guangzhou Chinese Journal of Communication 1:1, 91 — 108.
- ^ Wang, J. Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture. Harvard University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0674026803.
- ^ CCTV Global Television Service Satellite Specification CCTV-News, 02-21-2010, english.cntv.cn
- ^ CCTV launches Arabic international channel - CCTV.com
- ^ CCTV launches Arabic channel - asiaone News, 25 July 2009.
- ^ Bristow, Michael (25 July 2009). China launches Arabic TV channel. BBC News.