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This edit: 1) Adds an info box; 2) Creates demarcated sections in his "Biography" section and a new separate section for an "Awards" section; 3) Adds an inline citation for evidencing the Legion of Honour awards, i.e. the original certificate on the Léonore Database of France's National Archives; 4) Removing the hyphens in his full name, as that is an old format of names and does not appear in some official document like his Legion of Honour certificate. |
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{{Infobox person |
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[[Image:CPM Combes.jpg|thumb|right|Charles-Pierre-Mathieu Combes]] |
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| name = Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes |
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| image = CPM Combes.jpg |
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| alt = Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes |
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| caption = Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes |
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| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1801|12|26}} |
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| birth_place = |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1872|01|11|1801|12|26}} |
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| death_place = |
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| nationality = |
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| spouse = Louise Paulin Bousquet |
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| other_names = |
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| occupation = French Engineer |
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| years_active = |
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| known_for = |
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| notable_works = |
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| awards = [[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|50px]] [[Legion of Honour]] – [[Commander]] (1860) |
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}} |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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=== Early Life === |
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Charles-Pierre-Mathieu Combes was born on 26 December 1801 in [[Cahors]]. His father was a senior policeman named Pierre Combes Mathieu. He joined the [[Ecole Polytechnique]] before the usual starting age of seventeen on 1 September 1817 and completed his studies in 1820 when he was admitted to the School of Mines. Combes completed the three-year course in just two years. He graduated on 1 July 1822.<ref name=eulogy>[http://www.annales.org/archives/x/combes2.html Eulogy], Speech on his tomb, Annales.org, in French, accessed April 2010</ref> |
Charles-Pierre-Mathieu Combes was born on 26 December 1801 in [[Cahors]]. His father was a senior policeman named Pierre Combes Mathieu. He joined the [[Ecole Polytechnique]] before the usual starting age of seventeen on 1 September 1817 and completed his studies in 1820 when he was admitted to the School of Mines. Combes completed the three-year course in just two years. He graduated on 1 July 1822.<ref name=eulogy>[http://www.annales.org/archives/x/combes2.html Eulogy], Speech on his tomb, Annales.org, in French, accessed April 2010</ref> |
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=== Career === |
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In 1825 he became a teacher of mathematics at the [[École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne|Ecole de Saint-Etienne]], a post he held for two years. He then worked in industry but returned to the Saint-Etienne school in 1827 and stayed until 1831. |
In 1825 he became a teacher of mathematics at the [[École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne|Ecole de Saint-Etienne]], a post he held for two years. He then worked in industry but returned to the Saint-Etienne school in 1827 and stayed until 1831. |
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He has been recognised as a model of what is now called a consultant engineer. He was called on to arbitrate in disputes. He ruled on the ventilation of the mines in [[Belgium]] as well as advising foundries and collieries.<ref name=quercy/> |
He has been recognised as a model of what is now called a consultant engineer. He was called on to arbitrate in disputes. He ruled on the ventilation of the mines in [[Belgium]] as well as advising foundries and collieries.<ref name=quercy/> |
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In 1868 he chaired the General Council of Mines. |
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===Death=== |
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Combes died in Paris in 1872 and left a son and two daughters. One of his daughters married the chemist [[Charles Friedel]].<ref name=quercy/> He was buried with his wife, Louise Pauline. Pierre Antoine Combes (1831–72) shares the same grave.<ref name=lachaise/> |
Combes died in Paris in 1872 and left a son and two daughters. One of his daughters married the chemist [[Charles Friedel]].<ref name=quercy/> He was buried with his wife, Louise Pauline. Pierre Antoine Combes (1831–72) shares the same grave.<ref name=lachaise/> |
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==Awards== |
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⚫ | He was given a number of honours. By degree on 16 August 1860, Combes achieved the rank of [[Commander]] in [[France|France's]] [[Legion of Honour]] awards system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Combes, Charles Pierre Matthieu|id=LH//575/55|website=National Archives - Léonore Database|location=France|date=16 August 1860|page=1|language=fr|url=https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/88209|access-date=7 September 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ia801509.us.archive.org/11/items/2021-09-07a-charles-combes-legion-of-honour-certificate/2021-09-07a%20Charles%20Combes%20-%20Legion%20of%20Honour%20Certificate.pdf|archive-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> In 1868, he was awarded the Italian [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus|Commander of the Order of St. Maurice and Lazarus]] and he was made a Commander of the Order of Leopold of Belgium.<ref name=quercy>[http://www.quercy.net/hommes/ccombes.html Charles Combes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516235115/http://www.quercy.net/hommes/ccombes.html |date=May 16, 2009 }}, quercy.net, accessed April 2010</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
Revision as of 11:54, 7 September 2021
Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes | |
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Born | December 26, 1801 |
Died | January 11, 1872 | (aged 70)
Occupation | French Engineer |
Spouse | Louise Paulin Bousquet |
Awards | Legion of Honour – Commander (1860) |
Charles Pierre Mathieu Combes (26 December 1801 – 11 January 1872) was a French engineer. He was Inspector-General of Mines and the Director of the School of Mines in Paris. His name is on the Eiffel Tower.[1]
Biography
Early Life
Charles-Pierre-Mathieu Combes was born on 26 December 1801 in Cahors. His father was a senior policeman named Pierre Combes Mathieu. He joined the Ecole Polytechnique before the usual starting age of seventeen on 1 September 1817 and completed his studies in 1820 when he was admitted to the School of Mines. Combes completed the three-year course in just two years. He graduated on 1 July 1822.[2]
Career
In 1825 he became a teacher of mathematics at the Ecole de Saint-Etienne, a post he held for two years. He then worked in industry but returned to the Saint-Etienne school in 1827 and stayed until 1831.
In 1832 he started at the School of Mines in Paris.
Combes' wife Louise Pauline (born Bousquet) died young in 1841.[3]
Combes took an interest in his students. A young Marcel Deprez failed to complete the course at the School of Mines. He must have made a good impression as he was employed as Combes' secretary.[4] Deprez went on to show that electricity could be transmitted over long distances.
He has been recognised as a model of what is now called a consultant engineer. He was called on to arbitrate in disputes. He ruled on the ventilation of the mines in Belgium as well as advising foundries and collieries.[5]
In 1868 he chaired the General Council of Mines.
Death
Combes died in Paris in 1872 and left a son and two daughters. One of his daughters married the chemist Charles Friedel.[5] He was buried with his wife, Louise Pauline. Pierre Antoine Combes (1831–72) shares the same grave.[3]
Awards
He was given a number of honours. By degree on 16 August 1860, Combes achieved the rank of Commander in France's Legion of Honour awards system.[6] In 1868, he was awarded the Italian Commander of the Order of St. Maurice and Lazarus and he was made a Commander of the Order of Leopold of Belgium.[5]
Legacy
Combes was one of seventy-two people whom Gustav Eiffel chose as people who had made his achievement of building the Eiffel Tower possible. Combes is number fifty in this list.[1] His name is on the side opposite the military academy.[7]
References
- ^ a b Hydraulic Engineering Legends listed on the Eiffel Tower, Hubert Chanson, docstoc.com, accessed April 2010
- ^ Eulogy, Speech on his tomb, Annales.org, in French, accessed April 2010
- ^ a b Charles Combes Archived 2011-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, lachaise.net, accessed April 2010
- ^ The Engine Indicator Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, John Walters, Chapter 8, p.8-20
- ^ a b c Charles Combes Archived May 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, quercy.net, accessed April 2010
- ^ "Combes, Charles Pierre Matthieu". National Archives - Léonore Database (in French). France. 16 August 1860. p. 1. LH//575/55. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ Names on the tower Archived 2008-02-15 at the Wayback Machine, tour-eiffel.fr, accessed April 2010