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{{Taxobox |
{{Taxobox |
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| color = lightgreen |
| color = lightgreen |
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| name = Caryophyllales |
| name = ''Caryophyllales'' |
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| image = |
| image = Dianthus caryophyllus L (Clove pink).JPG |
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| image_width = |
| image_width = 230px |
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| image_caption = '' |
| image_caption = ''Dianthus caryophyllus'' |
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
| regnum = ''[[Plant]]ae'' |
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| unranked_classis = '''[[angiosperms]]''' |
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] |
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| |
| unranked_ordo = '''[[core eudicots]]''' |
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| ordo = |
| ordo = ''Caryophyllales'' |
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| ordo_authority = |
| ordo_authority = [[Karl Julius Perleb|Perleb]] (1826) |
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| subdivision_ranks = |
| subdivision_ranks = families |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = see text |
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}}{{commonscat}} |
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See text. |
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}} |
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'''''Caryophyllales''''' is the [[botanical name]] for an order of [[flowering plant]]s. |
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The '''Caryophyllales''' are an order of [[flowering plant]]s. Under the recent [[APG II]] classification, well-known members of Caryophyllales include [[cacti]], [[carnation]]s, [[spinach]], [[beet]], [[rhubarb]], [[sundew]]s, and [[bougainvillea]]. APG includes a number of families, most of which belong to two distinct subgroups. The core Caryophyllales comprise the following: |
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==APG II== |
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* Family [[Achatocarpaceae]] |
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As circumscribed by the [[APG II system]] (2003), this order includes well-known plants like [[cacti]], [[carnation]]s, [[spinach]], [[beet]], [[rhubarb]], [[sundew]]s, and [[bougainvillea]]. |
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* Family [[Aizoaceae]] (Fig-marigold family) |
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* Family [[Amaranthaceae]] ([[amaranth]] family) |
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* Family [[Asteropeia]]ceae |
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* Family [[Barbeuiaceae]] |
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* Family [[Basellaceae]] ([[basella]] family) |
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* Family [[Cactaceae]] ([[cactus]] family) |
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* Family [[Caryophyllaceae]] ([[carnation]] family) |
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* Family [[Molluginaceae]] (carpetweed family) |
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* Family [[Nyctaginaceae]] ([[four-o'clock]] and [[bougainvillea]] family) |
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* Family [[Physena]]ceae |
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* Family [[Phytolaccaceae]] ([[pokeweed]] family) |
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* Family [[Portulacaceae]] ([[purslane]] family) |
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* Family [[Sarcobataceae]] ([[greasewood]] family) |
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* Family [[Stegnospermataceae]] |
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* order ''Caryophyllales'' |
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Except for the last two families, this group corresponds directly to the Caryophyllales under the older [[Cronquist system]]. There are some slight variations in what families are recognized, between these and other classifications. Both the Stegnospermataceae and Barbeuiaceae are included in Cronquist's Phytolaccaceae, while his Didieraceae is included in the more recent Portulaceae, and his Chenopodiaceae corresponds to the Sarcobataceae plus some of the Amaranthaceae. The Asteropeiaceae and Physenaceae each contain a single genus, which Cronquist placed in the [[Theaceae]] and [[Capparidaceae]], respectively. |
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:* family ''[[Achatocarpaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Aizoaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Amaranthaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Ancistrocladaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Asteropeiaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Barbeuiaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Basellaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Cactaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Caryophyllaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Didiereaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Dioncophyllaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Droseraceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Drosophyllaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Frankeniaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Gisekiaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Halophytaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Molluginaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Nepenthaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Nyctaginaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Physenaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Phytolaccaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Plumbaginaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Polygonaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Portulacaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Rhabdodendraceae]] |
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:* family ''[[Sarcobataceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Simmondsiaceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Stegnospermataceae]]'' |
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:* family ''[[Tamaricaceae]]'' |
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==APG== |
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The other major group of Caryophyllales comprises the following families: |
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[[Image:Carnegiea gigantea top.jpg|thumb|''Carnegiea gigantea'']] |
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This represents a slight change from the [[APG system]], of 1998 |
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* order ''Caryophyllales'' |
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*: family ''Achatocarpaceae'' |
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*: family ''Aizoaceae'' |
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*: family ''Amaranthaceae'' |
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*: family ''Ancistrocladaceae'' |
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*: family ''Asteropeiaceae'' |
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*: family ''Basellaceae'' |
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*: family ''Cactaceae'' |
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*: family ''Caryophyllaceae'' |
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*: family ''Didiereaceae'' |
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*: family ''Dioncophyllaceae'' |
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*: family ''Droseraceae'' |
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*: family ''Drosophyllaceae'' |
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*: family ''Frankeniaceae'' |
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*: family ''Molluginaceae'' |
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*: family ''Nepenthaceae'' |
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*: family ''Nyctaginaceae'' |
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*: family ''Physenaceae'' |
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*: family ''Phytolaccaceae'' |
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*: family ''Plumbaginaceae'' |
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*: family ''Polygonaceae'' |
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*: family ''Portulacaceae'' |
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*: family ''Rhabdodendraceae'' |
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*: family ''Sarcobataceae'' |
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*: family ''Simmondsiaceae'' |
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*: family ''Stegnospermataceae'' |
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*: family ''Tamaricaceae'' |
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==Cronquist== |
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* Family [[Ancistrocladaceae]] |
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[[Image:Melganzenvoet bloeiwijze Chenopodium album.jpg|thumb| ''Chenopodium album'']] |
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* Family [[Dioncophyllaceae]] |
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The [[Cronquist system]] (1981) also recognized such an order, with this circumscription |
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* Family [[Droseraceae]] ([[sundew]] family) |
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* order ''Caryophyllales'' |
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* Family [[Drosophyllaceae]] |
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*: family ''Achatocarpaceae'' |
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* Family [[Frankeniaceae]] |
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*: family ''Aizoaceae'' |
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* Family [[Nepenthaceae]] |
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*: family ''Amaranthaceae'' |
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* Family [[Plumbaginaceae]] ([[plumbago (plant)|plumbago]] family) |
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*: family ''Basellaceae'' |
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* Family [[Polygonaceae]] ([[buckwheat]] family) |
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*: family ''Cactaceae'' |
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* Family [[Tamaricaceae]] ([[Tamarix]] family) |
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*: family ''Caryophyllaceae'' |
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*: family ''Chenopodiaceae'' |
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*: family ''Didiereaceae'' |
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*: family ''Nyctaginaceae'' |
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*: family ''Phytolaccaceae'' |
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*: family ''Portulacaceae'' |
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*: family ''Molluginaceae'' |
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The difference with the order as recognized by APG lies in the first place in the concept of "order". The APG favors much larger orders and families, and the order ''Caryophyllales'' sensu APG should rather be compared to subclass ''[[Caryophyllidae]]'' sensu Cronquist. |
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Cronquist gave the Polygonaceae and Plumbaginaceae their own orders, which together with his Caryophyllales made up the subclass [[Caryophyllida]]e. The Droseraceae and Nepenthaceae (including the Drosophyllaceae) made up the order [[Nepenthales]], together with the [[Sarraceniaceae]], and the remaining families were placed among the [[Violales]], both of which were included among the [[Dilleniidae]]. |
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A part of the difference lies with what families are recognized. The plants in the ''Stegnospermataceae'' and ''Barbeuiaceae'' were included in Cronquist's ''Phytolaccaceae''. The ''Chenopodiaceae'' (still recognized by Cronquist) are included in ''Amaranthaceae'' by APG. |
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Two other families are included in the Caryophyllales, which do not fall into either of the above groups: |
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New to the order (sensu APG) are the ''Asteropeiaceae'' and ''Physenaceae'', each containing a single genus, and all the plants of Cronquist's order ''[[Nepenthales]]''. |
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* Family [[Simmondsiaceae]] (jojoba, also placed in [[Malpighiales]] next to [[Buxaceae]]) |
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* Family [[Rhabdodendraceae]] |
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==Earlier== |
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[[Category:Caryophyllales]] |
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Earlier systems, such as the [[Wettstein system]], last edition in 1935, and the [[Engler system]], updated in 1964, had a similar order under the name ''[[Centrospermae]]''. |
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[[Category:Caryophyllales| *]] |
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[[da:Nellike-ordenen]] |
[[da:Nellike-ordenen]] |
Revision as of 11:18, 6 June 2006
Caryophyllales | |
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Dianthus caryophyllus | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | |
(unranked): | |
(unranked): | |
Order: | Caryophyllales Perleb (1826)
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families | |
see text |
Caryophyllales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants.
APG II
As circumscribed by the APG II system (2003), this order includes well-known plants like cacti, carnations, spinach, beet, rhubarb, sundews, and bougainvillea.
- order Caryophyllales
- family Achatocarpaceae
- family Aizoaceae
- family Amaranthaceae
- family Ancistrocladaceae
- family Asteropeiaceae
- family Barbeuiaceae
- family Basellaceae
- family Cactaceae
- family Caryophyllaceae
- family Didiereaceae
- family Dioncophyllaceae
- family Droseraceae
- family Drosophyllaceae
- family Frankeniaceae
- family Gisekiaceae
- family Halophytaceae
- family Molluginaceae
- family Nepenthaceae
- family Nyctaginaceae
- family Physenaceae
- family Phytolaccaceae
- family Plumbaginaceae
- family Polygonaceae
- family Portulacaceae
- family Rhabdodendraceae
- family Sarcobataceae
- family Simmondsiaceae
- family Stegnospermataceae
- family Tamaricaceae
APG
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg/220px-Carnegiea_gigantea_top.jpg)
This represents a slight change from the APG system, of 1998
- order Caryophyllales
- family Achatocarpaceae
- family Aizoaceae
- family Amaranthaceae
- family Ancistrocladaceae
- family Asteropeiaceae
- family Basellaceae
- family Cactaceae
- family Caryophyllaceae
- family Didiereaceae
- family Dioncophyllaceae
- family Droseraceae
- family Drosophyllaceae
- family Frankeniaceae
- family Molluginaceae
- family Nepenthaceae
- family Nyctaginaceae
- family Physenaceae
- family Phytolaccaceae
- family Plumbaginaceae
- family Polygonaceae
- family Portulacaceae
- family Rhabdodendraceae
- family Sarcobataceae
- family Simmondsiaceae
- family Stegnospermataceae
- family Tamaricaceae
Cronquist
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg/220px-Melganzenvoet_bloeiwijze_Chenopodium_album.jpg)
The Cronquist system (1981) also recognized such an order, with this circumscription
- order Caryophyllales
- family Achatocarpaceae
- family Aizoaceae
- family Amaranthaceae
- family Basellaceae
- family Cactaceae
- family Caryophyllaceae
- family Chenopodiaceae
- family Didiereaceae
- family Nyctaginaceae
- family Phytolaccaceae
- family Portulacaceae
- family Molluginaceae
The difference with the order as recognized by APG lies in the first place in the concept of "order". The APG favors much larger orders and families, and the order Caryophyllales sensu APG should rather be compared to subclass Caryophyllidae sensu Cronquist.
A part of the difference lies with what families are recognized. The plants in the Stegnospermataceae and Barbeuiaceae were included in Cronquist's Phytolaccaceae. The Chenopodiaceae (still recognized by Cronquist) are included in Amaranthaceae by APG.
New to the order (sensu APG) are the Asteropeiaceae and Physenaceae, each containing a single genus, and all the plants of Cronquist's order Nepenthales.
Earlier
Earlier systems, such as the Wettstein system, last edition in 1935, and the Engler system, updated in 1964, had a similar order under the name Centrospermae.