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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Carbohydrate chemistry}} |
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===Carbohydrate structure=== |
===Carbohydrate structure=== |
Revision as of 12:31, 9 August 2019
Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry primarily concerned with the synthesis, structure, and function of carbohydrates. Due to the general structure of carbohydrates, their synthesis is often preoccupied with the selective formation of glycosidic linkages and the selective reaction of hydroxyl groups; as a result, it relies heavily on the use of protecting groups.
Monosaccharides
Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate synthesis
Glycosidic bond formation
Protecting groups
Oligosaccharides
Reactions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are reactants in many organic reactions. For example:
- Cyanohydrin reaction
- Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
- Amadori rearrangement
- Nef reaction
- Wohl degradation
- Tipson-Cohen reaction
- Ferrier rearrangement
- Ferrier II reaction
Functions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have four major functions within the body:
- Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
- Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
- Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
- Cellular and protein recognition
Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy
Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
Cellular and protein recognition
Glycoprotein hormones may be removed by the liver from the bloodstream when the passage of time causes the breaking-off of carbohydrates from the glycoproteins.[citation needed]
See also
Carbohydrate structure
- Anomeric effect
- Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrate conformation
- Disaccharide
- Glycosidic bond
- Monosaccharide
- Polysaccharide
Carbohydrate function and biology
References
External links
- Media related to Carbohydrate chemistry at Wikimedia Commons
- Functions of Carbohydrates