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{{Short description|Part of exoskeleton in some animals}} |
{{Short description|Part of exoskeleton in some animals}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
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[[File:Penaeus diagram carapace.png|thumb|200px|Diagram of a [[prawn]], with the carapace highlighted in red.]] |
[[File:Penaeus diagram carapace.png|thumb|200px|Diagram of a [[prawn]], with the carapace highlighted in red.]] |
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A '''carapace''' is a [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] (upper) section of the [[exoskeleton]] or shell in a number of animal groups, including [[arthropod]]s, such as [[crustacean]]s and [[arachnid]]s, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the underside is called the [[plastron]]. |
A '''carapace''' is a [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] (upper) section of the [[exoskeleton]] or shell in a number of animal groups, including [[arthropod]]s, such as [[crustacean]]s and [[arachnid]]s, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tortoises, the underside is called the [[plastron]]. |
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==Crustaceans== |
==Crustaceans== |
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[[File:Crab from Long Island.jpg|thumb|The molted carapace of a [[lady crab]] from [[Long Beach, New York]].]] |
[[File:Crab from Long Island.jpg|thumb|The molted carapace of a [[lady crab]] from [[Long Beach, New York]].]] |
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In [[crustacean]]s, the carapace functions as a protective cover over the [[cephalothorax]] (i.e., the fused head and [[thorax]], as distinct from the [[abdomen]] behind). Where it projects forward beyond the eyes, this projection is called a [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]]. The carapace is [[Calcification|calcified]] to varying degrees in different crustaceans.<ref>{{ |
In [[crustacean]]s, the carapace functions as a protective cover over the [[cephalothorax]] (i.e., the fused head and [[thorax]], as distinct from the [[abdomen]] behind). Where it projects forward beyond the eyes, this projection is called a [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]]. The carapace is [[Calcification|calcified]] to varying degrees in different crustaceans.<ref>{{Cite web |editor-last=Pentcheff |editor-first=Dean |title=Carapace |url=http://atiniui.nhm.org/glossary/define.html?term=Carapace |access-date=17 June 2012 |website=Crustacea Glossary |publisher=[[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]]}}</ref> |
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[[Zooplankton]] within the phylum Crustacea also have a carapace. These include [[Cladocera]], [[ostracod]]s, and [[Isopoda|isopods]], but isopods only have a developed "cephalic shield" carapace covering the head. |
[[Zooplankton]] within the phylum Crustacea also have a carapace. These include [[Cladocera]], [[ostracod]]s, and [[Isopoda|isopods]], but isopods only have a developed "cephalic shield" carapace covering the head. |
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{{See also|Spider anatomy}} |
{{See also|Spider anatomy}} |
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[[File:Arachnid carapace.jpg|thumb|200px|Diagram of an [[arachnid]], with the carapace highlighted in purple]] |
[[File:Arachnid carapace.jpg|thumb|200px|Diagram of an [[arachnid]], with the carapace highlighted in purple]] |
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In [[arachnid]]s, the carapace is formed by the fusion of prosomal [[tergite]]s into a single [[Plate (animal anatomy)|plate]] which carries the eyes, ocularium, [[ozopore]]s (a pair of openings of the scent gland of [[Opiliones]]) and diverse phaneres.<ref>{{ |
In [[arachnid]]s, the carapace is formed by the fusion of prosomal [[tergite]]s into a single [[Plate (animal anatomy)|plate]] which carries the eyes, ocularium, [[ozopore]]s (a pair of openings of the scent gland of [[Opiliones]]) and diverse phaneres.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beccaloni |first=Jan |title=Arachnids |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-520-26140-2}}</ref> |
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In a few orders, such as [[Solifugae]] and [[Schizomida]], the carapace may be subdivided. In Opiliones, some authors prefer to use the term carapace interchangeably with the term cephalothorax, which is incorrect usage, because carapace refers only to the dorsal part of the exoskeleton of the cephalothorax. |
In a few orders, such as [[Solifugae]] and [[Schizomida]], the carapace may be subdivided. In Opiliones, some authors prefer to use the term carapace interchangeably with the term cephalothorax, which is incorrect usage, because carapace refers only to the dorsal part of the exoskeleton of the cephalothorax. |
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[[File:cmglee_Horniman_turtle_carapace_skeleton_bottom.jpg|thumb|A Greek tortoise shell opened to show the skeleton from below]] |
[[File:cmglee_Horniman_turtle_carapace_skeleton_bottom.jpg|thumb|A Greek tortoise shell opened to show the skeleton from below]] |
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{{Main|Turtle shell}} |
{{Main|Turtle shell}} |
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The carapace is the [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] (back) convex part of the shell structure of a [[turtle]], consisting primarily of the animal's [[rib]] cage, dermal armor, and [[scute]]s.<ref name=rom56>{{ |
The carapace is the [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] (back) convex part of the shell structure of a [[turtle]], consisting primarily of the animal's [[rib]] cage, dermal armor, and [[scute]]s.<ref name="rom56">{{Cite book |last=Romer |first=A. S. |title=Osteology of the Reptiles |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1956 |author-link=Alfred Romer}}</ref><ref name="zang69">{{Cite book |last=Zangerl |first=R. |title=Biology of the Reptilia |publisher=Academic Press |year=1969 |editor-last=Gans |editor-first=C. |volume=1 |location=London |pages=311–340 |chapter=The turtle shell |editor-last2=Bellairs |editor-first2=D. d'A. |editor-last3=Parsons |editor-first3=T. A.}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |