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| products = Professional services |
| products = Professional services |
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| homepage = [http://www.crai.com/ www.crai.com] |
| homepage = [http://www.crai.com/ www.crai.com] |
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}}'''Charles River Associates''' (legally '''CRA International, Inc.''') is a global consulting firm headquartered in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/filingFrameset.asp?FilingID=13034585&RcvdDate=11/1/2018&CoName=CRA+INTERNATIONAL,+INC.&FormType=8-K&View=html|title=NASDAQ - SEC Filing|website=secfilings.nasdaq.com|accessdate=27 January 2019 |
}}'''Charles River Associates''' (legally '''CRA International, Inc.''') is a global consulting firm headquartered in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/filingFrameset.asp?FilingID=13034585&RcvdDate=11/1/2018&CoName=CRA+INTERNATIONAL,+INC.&FormType=8-K&View=html|title=NASDAQ - SEC Filing|website=secfilings.nasdaq.com|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
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Working on behalf of the fossil fuel industry, CRA has played an important role in weakening, delaying, or defeating a wide range of policies intended to mitigate [[climate change]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Franta|first=Benjamin|date=2021|title=Weaponizing economics: Big Oil, economic consultants, and climate policy delay|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636|journal=Environmental Politics|doi=10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636|issn=0964-4016|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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CRA works with businesses, law firms, accounting firms, and governments to provide economic and financial analysis with expertise in litigation and regulatory support, business strategy and planning, market and demand forecasting, policy analysis, and engineering and technology strategy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charles River Associates|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/charles-river-associates/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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CRA was founded in 1965<ref>{{Cite web|title=CRA International Inc - Company Profile and News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/CRAI:US|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> by Jerry Kraft, John Kaler, and Alan Willens in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. |
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In April 1998, CRA completed its Initial Public Offering. Charles River Associates stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol CRAI.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CRA International, Inc. (CRAI) Stock Price, Quote & News|url=https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/crai/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Stock Analysis|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, CRA ended the fiscal year at $451 million, generating its highest annual revenue growth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charles River Associates (CRA) Reports Fourth-quarter and Full-year 2019 Financial Results {{!}} CRA International Inc.|url=https://crainternationalinc.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/charles-river-associates-cra-reports-fourth-quarter-and-full-1/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=crainternationalinc.gcs-web.com|language=en}}</ref> |
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'''Recent History''' |
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In July 2021, CRA established a new hydrogen service offering to focus on opportunities in energy transition to a lower carbon future. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Charles River Associates (CRA) Establishes New Hydrogen Service Offering|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210713005097/en/Charles-River-Associates-CRA-Establishes-New-Hydrogen-Service-Offering|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Practice areas== |
==Practice areas== |
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⚫ | Their practices include: Aerospace & Defense, Antitrust & Competition Economics, Auctions & Competitive Bidding, Climate & Sustainability, Energy & Environment, Enterprise Risk Management, Financial Accounting & Valuation, Financial Markets, Financial Economics, Forensic Services, Insurance Economics, [[Intellectual Property]], Labor & Employment, Life Sciences, Mergers & Acquisitions, [[Transfer pricing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile/CRAI.O|title=${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Company Profile - Reuters.com|last=Editorial|first=Reuters|website=U.S.|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
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CRA offers consulting services in two broad areas: litigation, regulatory, and financial consulting, and management consulting.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editorial|first=Reuters|title=CRAI.O - CRA International, Inc. Profile {{!}} Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.comundefined/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.reuters.comundefined|language=en}}</ref> CRA's employee consultants have backgrounds in a range of disciplines, including economics, business, corporate finance, materials sciences, accounting, and engineering.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CRA International Inc. Reports - GuruFocus.com|url=https://www.gurufocus.com/news/82931/read|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.gurufocus.com}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
''Litigation, Regulatory, and Financial Consulting'' |
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In its litigation, regulatory, and financial consulting practices, the company typically works with law firms on behalf of one or more companies involved in litigation or regulatory proceedings in such areas as antitrust, damages, and labor and employment. Many of the lawsuits and regulatory proceedings involve regulatory approval of a pending merger or analyzing possible damages awards in a [[class action]] case. |
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''Management Consulting'' |
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CRA’s management consulting practices offer industry expertise to help companies address strategic, organizational, and operational business problems. CRA advises clients in a range of industries on how to succeed in uncertain and rapidly changing business environments by generating growth, creating value, and enhancing shareholder value. |
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CRA has functional expertise in the areas of auctions and competitive bidding; corporate and business strategy; enterprise risk management; environmental and energy strategy; [[intellectual property]] and technology management; organization and performance improvement; and transaction advisory services. |
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'''ESG and Sustainability''' |
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CRA provides services related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters, including strategies regarding associated standards and regulations. CRA and its subsidiary Marakon<ref>{{Cite web|title=CRA International Acquires Marakon Associates {{!}} Mergr|url=https://mergr.com/cra-international-acquires-marakon-associates|access-date=2021-09-21|website=mergr.com}}</ref> work with business executives, corporate boards, and business units to develop sustainability agendas that reflect an organization’s impact on a broad set of stakeholders. |
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⚫ | CRA's work forecasting the impact on employment of the 2003 [[Climate Stewardship Acts|Climate Stewardship Act]] was criticized in 2005 for using unrealistic economic assumptions and producing directionally incorrect estimates.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=February 2005|title=Jobs and the Climate Stewardship Act: How Curbing Global Warming Can Increase Employment|url=https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/CSAjobs.pdf|journal=|publisher=Natural Resources Defense Council|pages=21}}</ref> A 2021 study concluded their work from the 1990s to the 2010s overestimated predicted costs and ignored potential policy benefits, and was often presented as independent rather than sponsored by the fossil fuel industry.<ref name=":0" |
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== Acquisitions == |
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In 1998, CRA acquired the Tilden Group, a privately held consulting firm founded by [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California-Berkeley]] professors Michael Katz and Carl Shapiro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/1998/12/14/daily8.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
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In 2004, CRA acquired InteCap, Inc., an intellectual property consulting, provides economic, financial, valuation, and strategic advises to clients.<ref>{{Cite web|title=InteCap - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding|url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/intecap|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Crunchbase|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2004, CRA acquired Network Economics Consulting Group Pty Ltd, an Australian based firm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2004/11/15/daily56.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
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CRA acquired economic consultancy firm Lexecon in 2005'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-06-16|title=CRA International Completes Acquisition of the Former Lexecon Ltd Business; Acquisition of U.K.-Based Economic Consulting Firm Expands CRA's Global Reach And Strengthens Competition Practice|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050616005712/en/CRA-International-Completes-Acquisition-Lexecon-Business-Acquisition|access-date=2020-08-23|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref> |
CRA acquired economic consultancy firm Lexecon in 2005'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2005-06-16|title=CRA International Completes Acquisition of the Former Lexecon Ltd Business; Acquisition of U.K.-Based Economic Consulting Firm Expands CRA's Global Reach And Strengthens Competition Practice|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050616005712/en/CRA-International-Completes-Acquisition-Lexecon-Business-Acquisition|access-date=2020-08-23|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2005, CRA acquired Lee & Allen Consulting Ltd, a London based forensic accounting firm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2005/04/25/daily63.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
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Marakon, which CRA acquired in 2009, forms part of their management consulting practice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090610005583/en/CRA-International-Acquires-Marakon-Associates-Leading-Management|title=CRA International Acquires Marakon Associates, A Leading Value Management Consultancy|date=2009-06-10|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref> Marakon Associates was founded in 1978 and pioneered [[value-based management]] (VBM) from the mid 1980s based on the academic work of Dr. Bill Alberts.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kilroy|first1=Denis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjUyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|title=Customer Value, Shareholder Wealth, Community Wellbeing: A Roadmap for Companies and Investors|last2=Schneider|first2=Marvin|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=9783319547749|pages=5, 12–16, 24–25|language=en|quote=The shift towards this approach gained momentum with the publication of The Value Imperative by McTaggart, Kontes and Mankins in 1994. ... Peter Kontes (a co-founder of Marakon Associates and one of the originators of MFV) pointed out … the central problem with EPS growth as standalone financial performance measure is that it can be purchased at any price. … the same telling point that Marakon partners first made with their clients in the mid-1980s. ... Marakon Associates, the firm that first developed the plan-based approach.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUsGQmGfnGIC&q=marakon&pg=PA817|title=Financial Management|last=Chandra|first=Prasanna|date=2007|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=9780070656659|pages=817|language=en|quote=Marakon Associates, an international management consulting firm founded in 1978, has done pioneering work in the area of value based management.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=Glen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKpWAAAAYAAJ&q=marakon+mctaggart|title=Value-based Management: Context and Application|last2=Davies|first2=Matt|publisher=Wiley|year=2000|isbn=9780471899860|pages=39, 186|language=en|quote=In terms of differences in application, McTaggart et al. (1994) particularly emphasise both the process and content of strategic planning under their version of VBM. ... There was a further development in 1992 when [Lloyds Bank] hired the services of the strategy consultants Marakon Associates (McTaggart et al., 1994) and started a more serious and disciplined approach to VBM. It was at this time that the concept of economic profit was introduced to Lloyds managers.}}</ref> This management principle, also known as managing for value (MFV), states that management should first and foremost consider the interests of shareholders when making management decisions.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ehrhardt|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yrkNIbEzgvQC&q=marakon|title=Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach|last2=Brigham|first2=Eugene|date=2008|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9780324655681|pages=448|language=en|quote=Marakon Associates, a leading advocate of value-based management prides itself on having a single-minded view that a company should have one, and only one, goal – to increase shareholder wealth.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Keuleneer|first1=Luc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umU0Eop4FfsC&q=marakon&pg=PA136|title=Recent Trends in Valuation: From Strategy to Value|last2=Verhoog|first2=Willem|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2005|isbn=9780470862315|pages=136|language=en|quote=The partners of Marakon Associates … [are] convinced that top management needs to take responsibility for continuous reinforcement of VBM ideas through their communication and decisions.}}</ref> Under this principle, senior executives should set performance targets in terms of delivering shareholder returns (stock price and dividends payments) and managing to achieve them.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fernandez|first=Pablo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIzV5TbXCikC&pg=PA265|title=Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation|publisher=Elsevier|year=2002|isbn=9780080520377|pages=265|language=en|quote=Measuring a firm’s “value creation” for its shareholders … EP (economic profit), which is the book profit less the equity’s book value multiplied by the required return to equity … Also called residual income. See McTaggart, Kontes, and Makins (1994, page 317), a book published by the Marakon Associates.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gillis|first1=Scott|last2=McTaggart|first2=James|date=1998|title=Setting targets to maximize shareholders value|journal=Strategy & Leadership|volume=26|issue=2|pages=18–21|doi=10.1108/eb054614|issn=1087-8572}}</ref> |
Marakon, which CRA acquired in 2009, forms part of their management consulting practice.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090610005583/en/CRA-International-Acquires-Marakon-Associates-Leading-Management|title=CRA International Acquires Marakon Associates, A Leading Value Management Consultancy|date=2009-06-10|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref> Marakon Associates was founded in 1978 and pioneered [[value-based management]] (VBM) from the mid 1980s based on the academic work of Dr. Bill Alberts.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kilroy|first1=Denis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjUyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|title=Customer Value, Shareholder Wealth, Community Wellbeing: A Roadmap for Companies and Investors|last2=Schneider|first2=Marvin|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=9783319547749|pages=5, 12–16, 24–25|language=en|quote=The shift towards this approach gained momentum with the publication of The Value Imperative by McTaggart, Kontes and Mankins in 1994. ... Peter Kontes (a co-founder of Marakon Associates and one of the originators of MFV) pointed out … the central problem with EPS growth as standalone financial performance measure is that it can be purchased at any price. … the same telling point that Marakon partners first made with their clients in the mid-1980s. ... Marakon Associates, the firm that first developed the plan-based approach.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUsGQmGfnGIC&q=marakon&pg=PA817|title=Financial Management|last=Chandra|first=Prasanna|date=2007|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=9780070656659|pages=817|language=en|quote=Marakon Associates, an international management consulting firm founded in 1978, has done pioneering work in the area of value based management.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=Glen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKpWAAAAYAAJ&q=marakon+mctaggart|title=Value-based Management: Context and Application|last2=Davies|first2=Matt|publisher=Wiley|year=2000|isbn=9780471899860|pages=39, 186|language=en|quote=In terms of differences in application, McTaggart et al. (1994) particularly emphasise both the process and content of strategic planning under their version of VBM. ... There was a further development in 1992 when [Lloyds Bank] hired the services of the strategy consultants Marakon Associates (McTaggart et al., 1994) and started a more serious and disciplined approach to VBM. It was at this time that the concept of economic profit was introduced to Lloyds managers.}}</ref> This management principle, also known as managing for value (MFV), states that management should first and foremost consider the interests of shareholders when making management decisions.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ehrhardt|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yrkNIbEzgvQC&q=marakon|title=Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach|last2=Brigham|first2=Eugene|date=2008|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=9780324655681|pages=448|language=en|quote=Marakon Associates, a leading advocate of value-based management prides itself on having a single-minded view that a company should have one, and only one, goal – to increase shareholder wealth.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Keuleneer|first1=Luc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umU0Eop4FfsC&q=marakon&pg=PA136|title=Recent Trends in Valuation: From Strategy to Value|last2=Verhoog|first2=Willem|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2005|isbn=9780470862315|pages=136|language=en|quote=The partners of Marakon Associates … [are] convinced that top management needs to take responsibility for continuous reinforcement of VBM ideas through their communication and decisions.}}</ref> Under this principle, senior executives should set performance targets in terms of delivering shareholder returns (stock price and dividends payments) and managing to achieve them.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fernandez|first=Pablo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIzV5TbXCikC&pg=PA265|title=Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation|publisher=Elsevier|year=2002|isbn=9780080520377|pages=265|language=en|quote=Measuring a firm’s “value creation” for its shareholders … EP (economic profit), which is the book profit less the equity’s book value multiplied by the required return to equity … Also called residual income. See McTaggart, Kontes, and Makins (1994, page 317), a book published by the Marakon Associates.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gillis|first1=Scott|last2=McTaggart|first2=James|date=1998|title=Setting targets to maximize shareholders value|journal=Strategy & Leadership|volume=26|issue=2|pages=18–21|doi=10.1108/eb054614|issn=1087-8572}}</ref> |
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⚫ | CRA's work forecasting the impact on employment of the 2003 [[Climate Stewardship Acts|Climate Stewardship Act]] was criticized in 2005 for using unrealistic economic assumptions and producing directionally incorrect estimates.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=February 2005|title=Jobs and the Climate Stewardship Act: How Curbing Global Warming Can Increase Employment|url=https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/CSAjobs.pdf|journal=|publisher=Natural Resources Defense Council|pages=21}}</ref> A 2021 study concluded their work from the 1990s to the 2010s overestimated predicted costs and ignored potential policy benefits, and was often presented as independent rather than sponsored by the fossil fuel industry.<ref name=":0" /> |
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In 2017, CRA acquired C1 Consulting, a life sciences strategy consulting firm.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-31|title=Charles River Associates (CRA) Acquires C1 Consulting, A Life Sciences Strategy Consulting Firm|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170131005700/en/Charles-River-Associates-CRA-Acquires-C1-Consulting-A-Life-Sciences-Strategy-Consulting-Firm|access-date=2021-09-21|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Ranking == |
== Ranking == |
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* 2021, Global Arbitration Review Power Index – Ranked in top 10 for international arbitration<ref>[https://media.crai.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/07121622/Global-Arbitration-Review-GAR-100-14th-Edition-Expert-firms.pdf 7/1/2021 Global Arbitration Review - GAR 100 - 14th Edition]</ref> |
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* 2021, Forbes - America’s Best Management Consulting Firms<ref>{{Cite web|title=America's Best Management Consulting Firms 2021|url=https://www.forbes.com/best-management-consulting-firms/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> |
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* 2021, Chambers - Litigation Support<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charles River Associates, Litigation Support {{!}} Chambers Profiles|url=https://chambers.com/law-firm/charles-river-associates-litigation-support-58:233341|access-date=2021-09-21|website=chambers.com}}</ref> |
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* 2021, Chambers – Crisis & Risk Management, Global-wide Environmental, Social & Governance Risk<ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmental, Social & Governance Risk (Agencies), Global-wide, Crisis & Risk Management {{!}} Chambers Rankings|url=https://chambers.com/legal-rankings/environmental-social-governance-risk-global-wide-96:3142:15649:1|access-date=2021-09-21|website=chambers.com}}</ref> |
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* 2021, Vault – Ranked in several categories:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Associates|url=https://www.vault.com/company-profiles/management-strategy/charles-river-associates|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Vault|language=en}}</ref> o Consulting (#50) o Best Consulting Firms for Economic Consulting (#9) o Best Consulting Firms for Energy Consulting (#12) |
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* 2020 – Global Arbitration Review’s Expert Witness Firms’ Index in Investor-State Arbitrations and Energy-Related Hearings<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Arbitration Review - GAR 100 - 13th Edition|url=https://globalarbitrationreview.com/survey/gar-100/2020/article/expert-witnesses|access-date=2021-09-21|website=globalarbitrationreview.com|language=en}}</ref> |
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CRA is ranked in several categories in Vault's 2014 surveys:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vault.com/rankings-reviews/company-profile/management-strategy/charles-river-associates/vault-verdict.aspx|title=Charles River Associates-Company Review-Vault.com|website=Vault|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
CRA is ranked in several categories in Vault's 2014 surveys:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vault.com/rankings-reviews/company-profile/management-strategy/charles-river-associates/vault-verdict.aspx|title=Charles River Associates-Company Review-Vault.com|website=Vault|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:08, 21 September 2021
Company type | Public |
---|---|
Nasdaq: CRAI Russell 2000 Component | |
Industry | Litigation and management consulting |
Founded | 1965 |
Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. 21 offices internationally |
Key people | Paul Maleh (President and CEO) |
Products | Professional services |
Website | www.crai.com |
Charles River Associates (legally CRA International, Inc.) is a global consulting firm headquartered in Boston.[1]
Working on behalf of the fossil fuel industry, CRA has played an important role in weakening, delaying, or defeating a wide range of policies intended to mitigate climate change.[2]
Practice areas
Their practices include: Aerospace & Defense, Antitrust & Competition Economics, Auctions & Competitive Bidding, Climate & Sustainability, Energy & Environment, Enterprise Risk Management, Financial Accounting & Valuation, Financial Markets, Financial Economics, Forensic Services, Insurance Economics, Intellectual Property, Labor & Employment, Life Sciences, Mergers & Acquisitions, Transfer pricing.[3]
CRA acquired economic consultancy firm Lexecon in 2005.[4]
Marakon, which CRA acquired in 2009, forms part of their management consulting practice.[5] Marakon Associates was founded in 1978 and pioneered value-based management (VBM) from the mid 1980s based on the academic work of Dr. Bill Alberts.[6][7][8] This management principle, also known as managing for value (MFV), states that management should first and foremost consider the interests of shareholders when making management decisions.[9][10] Under this principle, senior executives should set performance targets in terms of delivering shareholder returns (stock price and dividends payments) and managing to achieve them.[11][12]
CRA's work forecasting the impact on employment of the 2003 Climate Stewardship Act was criticized in 2005 for using unrealistic economic assumptions and producing directionally incorrect estimates.[13] A 2021 study concluded their work from the 1990s to the 2010s overestimated predicted costs and ignored potential policy benefits, and was often presented as independent rather than sponsored by the fossil fuel industry.[2]
Ranking
CRA is ranked in several categories in Vault's 2014 surveys:[14]
- Economic Consulting (#6)
- Energy Consulting (#11)
- The Best Consulting Firms: Prestige to work for (#26)
- Vault Consulting 50 (#13)
Alumni
CRA
- Carl Shapiro
- Cutler J. Cleveland (advisor)
- Donald B. Marron Jr.
- George C. Eads
- Glenn Ellison
- James A. Wilcox
- James R. Kearl
- Malcolm Baker
- Nancy Killefer
- Scott Meadow (advisor)
Marakon
Lexecon
See also
- Analysis Group
- Bates White
- Berkeley Research Group
- Brattle Group
- Compass Lexecon
- Cornerstone Research
- Climate change denial
- NERA Economic Consulting
- Frontier Economics
References
- ^ "NASDAQ - SEC Filing". secfilings.nasdaq.com. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
- ^ a b Franta, Benjamin (2021). "Weaponizing economics: Big Oil, economic consultants, and climate policy delay". Environmental Politics. doi:10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636. ISSN 0964-4016.
- ^ Editorial, Reuters. "${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Company Profile - Reuters.com". U.S. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
has generic name (help) - ^ "CRA International Completes Acquisition of the Former Lexecon Ltd Business; Acquisition of U.K.-Based Economic Consulting Firm Expands CRA's Global Reach And Strengthens Competition Practice". www.businesswire.com. 2005-06-16. Retrieved 2020-08-23.
- ^ "CRA International Acquires Marakon Associates, A Leading Value Management Consultancy". www.businesswire.com. 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
- ^ Kilroy, Denis; Schneider, Marvin (2017). Customer Value, Shareholder Wealth, Community Wellbeing: A Roadmap for Companies and Investors. Springer. pp. 5, 12–16, 24–25. ISBN 9783319547749.
The shift towards this approach gained momentum with the publication of The Value Imperative by McTaggart, Kontes and Mankins in 1994. ... Peter Kontes (a co-founder of Marakon Associates and one of the originators of MFV) pointed out … the central problem with EPS growth as standalone financial performance measure is that it can be purchased at any price. … the same telling point that Marakon partners first made with their clients in the mid-1980s. ... Marakon Associates, the firm that first developed the plan-based approach.
- ^ Chandra, Prasanna (2007). Financial Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 817. ISBN 9780070656659.
Marakon Associates, an international management consulting firm founded in 1978, has done pioneering work in the area of value based management.
- ^ Arnold, Glen; Davies, Matt (2000). Value-based Management: Context and Application. Wiley. pp. 39, 186. ISBN 9780471899860.
In terms of differences in application, McTaggart et al. (1994) particularly emphasise both the process and content of strategic planning under their version of VBM. ... There was a further development in 1992 when [Lloyds Bank] hired the services of the strategy consultants Marakon Associates (McTaggart et al., 1994) and started a more serious and disciplined approach to VBM. It was at this time that the concept of economic profit was introduced to Lloyds managers.
- ^ Ehrhardt, Michael; Brigham, Eugene (2008). Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach. Cengage Learning. p. 448. ISBN 9780324655681.
Marakon Associates, a leading advocate of value-based management prides itself on having a single-minded view that a company should have one, and only one, goal – to increase shareholder wealth.
- ^ Keuleneer, Luc; Verhoog, Willem (2005). Recent Trends in Valuation: From Strategy to Value. John Wiley & Sons. p. 136. ISBN 9780470862315.
The partners of Marakon Associates … [are] convinced that top management needs to take responsibility for continuous reinforcement of VBM ideas through their communication and decisions.
- ^ Fernandez, Pablo (2002). Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation. Elsevier. p. 265. ISBN 9780080520377.
Measuring a firm's "value creation" for its shareholders … EP (economic profit), which is the book profit less the equity's book value multiplied by the required return to equity … Also called residual income. See McTaggart, Kontes, and Makins (1994, page 317), a book published by the Marakon Associates.
- ^ Gillis, Scott; McTaggart, James (1998). "Setting targets to maximize shareholders value". Strategy & Leadership. 26 (2): 18–21. doi:10.1108/eb054614. ISSN 1087-8572.
- ^ "Jobs and the Climate Stewardship Act: How Curbing Global Warming Can Increase Employment" (PDF). Natural Resources Defense Council. February 2005: 21.
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(help) - ^ "Charles River Associates-Company Review-Vault.com". Vault. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
Further reading
- McTaggert, James M.; Kontes, Peter W.; Mankins, Michael C. (1994). Value Imperative: Managing for Superior Shareholder Returns. Free Press. ISBN 978-0029206706.
- Dodd, Dominic; Favaro, Ken (2007). The Three Tensions: Winning the Struggle to Perform Without Compromise. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-7879-8894-4.
- Kontes, Peter (2010). The CEO, Strategy, and Shareholder Value: Making the Choices That Maximize Company Performance. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-87592-6.