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! Country!! # of deaths!! Source !! Country<br />population<br />(in millions) || # of deaths per<br/>100,000<br/>population |
! Country!! # of deaths!! Source !! Country<br />population<br />(in millions) || # of deaths per<br/>100,000<br/>population |
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| Georgia || 9 ||<ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/georgia/ worldometers.info]; accessed 20 April 2020</ref> || 3.7 || '''0.2''' |
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| New Zealand || 21 ||<ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/new-zealand/ worldometers.info]; accessed 20 April 2020</ref> || 5.0 ||'''0.4''' |
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| Norway || 216 ||<ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/new-zealand/ worldometers.info]; accessed 20 April 2020</ref> || 5.3 ||'''3.9''' |
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| Slovenia || 93 ||<ref>[https://www.statista.com/statistics/1111779/coronavirus-death-rate-europe-by-country/ www.statista.com;] accessed 7 May 2020.</ref> || 2.0 ||'''4.7''' |
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| Austria || 606 ||<ref>[https://www.statista.com/statistics/1111779/coronavirus-death-rate-europe-by-country/ www.statista.com;] accessed 7 May 2020.</ref> || 8.9 ||'''6.8''' |
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| Republic of Ireland || 1,339 ||<ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ireland/ www.worldometers.info;] accessed 20 April 2020.</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=39 more people die with Covid-19, 493 additional cases|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0419/1132482-update-covid-19-ireland/|date=2020-04-19|language=en</ref> || 4.8 ||'''27.9''' |
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| Northern Ireland || 404 ||<ref>[https://www.gov.scot/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-daily-data-for-scotland/ www.gov.scot;] accessed 7 May 2020.</ref> || 1.8 ||'''22.4''' |
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| Scotland || 1,703 ||<ref>[https://www.gov.scot/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-daily-data-for-scotland/ www.gov.scot;] accessed 20 April 2020.</ref> || 5.4 ||'''31.5''' |
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| Wales || 1,044 ||<ref>[https://public.tableau.com/profile/public.health.wales.health.protection#!/vizhome/RapidCOVID-19virology-Public/Headlinesummary [[Public Health Wales]];] accessed 20 Ebrill 2020. </ref> || 3.2 ||'''32.6''' |
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| Italy || 29,684 ||<ref>[http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioContenutiNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=5351&area=nuovoCoronavirus&menu=vuoto www.salute.gov.it;] accessed 7 May 2020.</ref> <ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/new-zealand/ worldometers.info]; accessed 20 April 2020</ref> || 60.3 || '''48.5''' |
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| England || '''27,008''' ||<ref>[https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk ;] accessed 19 Ebrill 2020.</ref>|| '''53.0''' ||'''49.9''' |
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Revision as of 22:28, 8 May 2020
COVID-19 pandemic in England | |
---|---|
Disease | COVID-19 |
Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
Location | England |
First outbreak | China |
Confirmed cases | 131,932 (as of 7 May)[1][2] |
Deaths | 27,432 (as of 7 May)[1][3] |
Government website | |
Coronavirus in England |
The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to England with two cases among Chinese nationals staying in a hotel in York on 31 January 2020. The two main public bodies responsible for health in England are NHS England and Public Health England. NHS England oversees the budget, planning, delivery and day-to-day operation of the commissioning side of the NHS in England while PHE's mission is "to protect and improve the nation’s health and to address inequalities".
By 7 May 2020, 27,008 people had died and there were 118,343 positive cases in England.[1]
Timeline
January 2020
On 31 January, two members of a family of Chinese nationals staying in a hotel in York, one of whom studied at the University of York, became the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK. Upon confirmation, they were transferred from Hull University Teaching Hospital to a specialist isolation facility, a designated High Consequence Infectious Diseases Unit in Newcastle upon Tyne's Royal Victoria Infirmary.[4][5]
On the same day, an evacuation flight from Wuhan landed at RAF Brize Norton and the passengers, none of whom were showing symptoms, were taken to quarantine, in a staff residential block at Arrowe Park Hospital on the Wirral.[6] There had previously been contention over whether the government should assist the repatriation of UK passport holders from the most affected areas in China, or restrict travel from affected regions altogether.[7][8] Some British nationals in Wuhan had been informed that they could be evacuated but any spouses or children with mainland Chinese passports could not.[9] This was later overturned, but the delay meant that some people missed the flight.[6][10].
February 2020
On 6 February, a third confirmed case, a man who had recently travelled to Singapore prior to visiting a ski resort in the Haute-Savoie, France, was reported in Brighton. He had been the source of infection to six of his relatives during a stay in France, before returning to the UK on 28 January.[11][12] Following confirmation of his result, the UK's CMOs expanded the number of countries where a history of previous travel associated with flu-like symptoms – such as fever, cough and difficulty breathing – in the previous 14 days would require self-isolation and calling NHS 111. These countries included China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand.[13]
On 10 February, the total number of cases in the UK reached eight as four further cases were confirmed in people linked to the affected man from Brighton.[14][15] Globally, the virus had spread to 28 countries.[16] On the morning of 10 February, the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, announced the Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020, to give public health professionals "strengthened powers" to keep affected people and those believed to be a possible risk of having the virus, in isolation.[16] That day, the Arrowe Park Hospital, Merseyside, and the Kents Hill Park hotel and conference centre, Milton Keynes became designated isolation units.[17][16] The following day, two of the eight confirmed cases in the UK were reported by BBC News to be general practitioners.[14] A ninth case was confirmed in London on 11 February.[18]
March 2020
On 1 March, further cases were reported in Greater Manchester of which some are believed to be contacts of the case in Surrey who had no history of travel abroad.[19][20]
On 2 March, four further people in England tested positive. All four had recently travelled from Italy; they are from Hertfordshire, Devon and Kent.[17] The total number of UK cases was reported as having reached 40, though this was revised to 39 after additional testing.[21] The following day, when the total number of confirmed cases in the UK stood at 51, the UK Government unveiled their Coronavirus Action Plan, which outlined what the UK had done already and what it planned to do next.[17]
On 2 March, also occurred the first corona-virus death in a care home, but at that time care home data were not yet published.[22]
On 3 March occurred the first three hospital deaths in Nottingham, Essex and Buckinghamshire.[22]
On 15 March 2020, the COVID-19 Hospitalisation in England Surveillance System (CHESS) was initiated across all NHS Trusts.
On 17 March, NHS England announced that all non-urgent operations in England would be postponed from 15 April to free up 30,000 beds.[23] Also on 17 March, Chancellor Rishi Sunak announced that £330bn would be made available in loan guarantees for businesses affected by the pandemic.[24]
On the 18 March over 750 patients were in hospital with COVID-19, this number rapidly grew and by 31 March the number of patients had increased by around 10,000.[25] Admissions to hospital grew from around 600 a day on 20 March to more than 2,750 a day by 31 March.[26] Taken together, these data suggest that at least 4,500 patients were discharged from hospital in March. By 31 March, England was the worst affected country in the United Kingdom with over 21,000 confirmed infections[27] and at least 3,850 deaths in hospital.
April 2020
On 2 April the maximum number of hospital admissions was reached at more than 3,150 patients per day;[26] the number of hospital deaths was around 600.[28]
By 12 April the number of daily admissions with COVID-19 had reduced to less than 1,900[26] and the number of patients in hospital peaked at around 17,150;[25] more than 680 hospital deaths were recorded on that day.[28] Hospital deaths in each of the seven NHS England regions peaked around 9–13 April, except for the North West which peaked on 16 April.[29]
Up to 24 April, ONS death registrations for England and Wales showed 19,643 had occurred in hospital, 5,890 in care homes, 1,306 in private homes and 301 in hospices.[30] Of these deaths, 1,149 ocurred in Wales.
On 29 April the method of reporting deaths in England was changed.[31] Data from three sources are now cross checked against the list of people who have had a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by a Public Health England or NHS laboratory. The three sources are:
a) data supplied to NHS England by the Hospital Trusts,
b) data from Public Health England Health Protection teams (mainly deaths not in hospitals),
c) Information obtained by linking the Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS) to the NHS Demographic Batch Service.
After checking, the records are merged into one database and duplicates removed so there is no double counting.
The new method of counting deaths results in higher numbers than the previous method. On 29 April there were 19,740 deaths reported by NHS England. The new method identified 23,550 deaths of people who had a positive test result confirmed by a PHE or NHS laboratory.
The number of patients with COVID-19 in hospital steadily reduced until on 30 April it was less than 11,250;[32] at least 54,700 patients were admitted to hospital in April.[33] The total number of deaths in hospital during April exceeded 17,000;[25] these data suggest that there were around 26,400 patient discharges in April.
May 2020
By 3 May, daily admissions to hospital had further reduced to around 900, discharges continued to exceed admissions and thus the number of people in hospital was now less than 10,550.[33]
On 7 May the number of people in hospital finally fell below 10,000, with every region showing a reduction from the previous day;[34] the total number of deaths in hospital since 1 March has grown to at least 22,432.[35]
Hospital death statistics
Percentage deaths in hospital by age, up to 5 May.[35]
Age range | Pre-condition | No Known Pre-condition | Female | Male |
---|---|---|---|---|
0-19 years | 0.04% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.03% |
20-39 years | 0.58% | 0.13% | 0.31% | 0.39% |
40-59 years | 7.1% | 0.94% | 2.66% | 5.32% |
60-79 years | 36.6% | 2.18% | 13.06% | 25.70% |
80+ years | 50.7% | 1.84% | 22.24% | 30.25% |
ONS data
'All recorded deaths' and 'COVID-19 deaths' are the number of deaths recorded during each seven-day period and those where COVID-19 was mentioned on the death certificate. The total number of deaths will be greater as there is normally a delay between the day of death and when it is recorded. The five-year average is estimated from the data for England and Wales based on the percentage population living in England (94.69%).[36] Up to and including week ending 13 March, the number of deaths in England was around 445 fewer each week than the five-year average; the 'all recorded deaths' data for week ending 13 March is estimated from the deaths in England and Wales and all 5 COVID-19 deaths are attributed to England[30].
Week Ending | All Recorded Deaths | COVID-19 Deaths | Other Deaths | 5 Yr Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
13 March | 10,434 | 5 | 10,429 | 10,610 |
20 March[36] | 9,903 | 100 | 9,803 | 10,012 |
27 March[37] | 10,412 | 515 | 9,897 | 9,592 |
3 April[38] | 15,443 | 3,330 | 12,113 | 9.758 |
10 April[39] | 17,563 | 5,899 | 11,664 | 9,961 |
17 April[40] | 21,157 | 8,335 | 12,822 | 9.940 |
24 April[30] | 20,841 | 7,806 | 13,035 | 9,903 |
Comparison with other nations
Deaths per 100,000 population of all 4 countries of the UK, and others, for comparison (as at 7 May 2020).
Country | # of deaths | Source | Country population (in millions) |
# of deaths per 100,000 population |
---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia | 9 | [41] | 3.7 | 0.2 |
New Zealand | 21 | [42] | 5.0 | 0.4 |
Norway | 216 | [43] | 5.3 | 3.9 |
Slovenia | 93 | [44] | 2.0 | 4.7 |
Austria | 606 | [45] | 8.9 | 6.8 |
Republic of Ireland | 1,339 | [46] [47] | 4.8 | 27.9 |
Northern Ireland | 404 | [48] | 1.8 | 22.4 |
Scotland | 1,703 | [49] | 5.4 | 31.5 |
Wales | 1,044 | [50] | 3.2 | 32.6 |
Italy | 29,684 | [51] [52] | 60.3 | 48.5 |
England | 27,008 | [53] | 53.0 | 49.9 |
The military
The coronavirus pandemic affected British military deployments at home and abroad. Training exercises, including those in Canada and Kenya, had to be cancelled to free up personnel for the COVID Support Force.[54] The British training mission in Iraq, part of Operation Shader, had to be down-scaled.[55] An air base supporting this military operation also confirmed nine cases of coronavirus.[56] The British Army paused face-to-face recruitment and basic training operations, instead conducting them virtually.[57] Training locations, such as Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and HMS Raleigh, had to adapt their passing out parades. Cadets involved were made to stand 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) apart in combat dress and there were no spectators in the grandstands.[58][59] Ceremonial duties, such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace and the Gun Salute for the Queen's Official Birthday were either scaled-down or cancelled.[60][61] The Royal Air Force suspended all displays of its teams and bands, with some replaced by virtual displays.[62][63] The British Army deployed two experts to NATO to help counter disinformation around the pandemic.[64]
Elsewhere in defence, air shows, including the Royal International Air Tattoo at RAF Fairford, were cancelled.[65] Civilian airports, including Birmingham Airport, were used to practice transferring Coronavirus patients to local hospitals via helicopter.[66][67] Several defence and aerospace companies contributed to the national effort to produce more ventilators.[68] BAE Systems, the country's largest defence company, also loaned its Warton Aerodrome site to be used as a temporary morgue.[69] The Government's defence and security review, named the Integrated Review, was delayed.[70]
The armed forces assisted in the transportation of coronavirus patients in some of the country's remotest regions, such as Shetland and the Isles of Scilly.[71][72] On 23 March 2020, Joint Helicopter Command began assisting the coronavirus relief effort by transporting people and supplies. Helicopters were based at RAF Leeming to cover Northern England and Scotland, whilst helicopters based at RAF Benson, RAF Odiham and RNAS Yeovilton supported the Midlands and Southern England.[73]
On 24 March 2020, the armed forces helped plan and construct a field hospital at the ExCeL London conference centre, named NHS Nightingale Hospital London. Further critical care field hospitals were later built with military assistance in Birmingham, Manchester, Harrogate, Bristol, Exeter, Washington and Glasgow. These hospitals were staffed by military medics, alongside the NHS.[74][75]
See also
- COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
- COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland
- COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland
- COVID-19 pandemic in Wales
- COVID-19 pandemic in London
References
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