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*Philip Oldfield (c.1541 - 15 Dec 1616), lawyer.<ref>''Journal of the Architectural, Archaeological, and Historic Society for the county and the city of Chester and North Wales, Volume 2'', Historic Society for the County, City, and Neighborhood of Chester, Chester and North Wales Archaeological and Historic Society, 1864 ([http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bjgGAAAAQAAJ&dq=Oldfield%20bradwall&pg=PA366-IA2#v=onepage&q=Oldfield%20bradwall&f=false page 366])</ref><ref>Earwaker (1890) [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofancient00earw#page/136/mode/2up/search/Oldfield pp. 136]</ref> |
*Philip Oldfield (c.1541 - 15 Dec 1616), lawyer.<ref>''Journal of the Architectural, Archaeological, and Historic Society for the county and the city of Chester and North Wales, Volume 2'', Historic Society for the County, City, and Neighborhood of Chester, Chester and North Wales Archaeological and Historic Society, 1864 ([http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bjgGAAAAQAAJ&dq=Oldfield%20bradwall&pg=PA366-IA2#v=onepage&q=Oldfield%20bradwall&f=false page 366])</ref><ref>Earwaker (1890) [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofancient00earw#page/136/mode/2up/search/Oldfield pp. 136]</ref> |
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*Sir William Venables (c.1245 - c.1292)<ref>"[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~havens5/p34830.htm William de Venables of Bradwell]", family tree</ref>, brother of the Baron of Kinderton.<ref>''The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 90, Part 1'', Publisher F. Jefferies, 1820. ([http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RrCkd23sStcC&dq=Venables%20bradwall&pg=PA330#v=onepage&q=Venables%20bradwall&f=false page 330])</ref><ref>Frederic Madden, Bulkeley Bandinel, John Gough Nichols (Editors), ''Collectanea topographica et genealogica, Volume 8'', Publisher J. B. Nichols and son, 1843. ([http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Kc4KAAAAYAAJ&dq=Venables%20bradwall&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q=Venables%20bradwall&f=falsepage 149])</ref><ref>Earwaker (1890) [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofancient00earw#page/128/mode/2up/search/Venables pp. 128]</ref> |
*Sir William Venables (c.1245 - c.1292)<ref>"[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~havens5/p34830.htm William de Venables of Bradwell]", family tree</ref>, brother of the Baron of Kinderton.<ref>''The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 90, Part 1'', Publisher F. Jefferies, 1820. ([http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RrCkd23sStcC&dq=Venables%20bradwall&pg=PA330#v=onepage&q=Venables%20bradwall&f=false page 330])</ref><ref>Frederic Madden, Bulkeley Bandinel, John Gough Nichols (Editors), ''Collectanea topographica et genealogica, Volume 8'', Publisher J. B. Nichols and son, 1843. ([http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Kc4KAAAAYAAJ&dq=Venables%20bradwall&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q=Venables%20bradwall&f=falsepage 149])</ref><ref>Earwaker (1890) [http://www.archive.org/stream/historyofancient00earw#page/128/mode/2up/search/Venables pp. 128]</ref> |
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===Notable seats=== |
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[[File:Berington of moorbarrow and bradwall arms.jpg|128px|Berington of Bradwall Arms.]] |
[[File:Berington of moorbarrow and bradwall arms.jpg|128px|Berington of Bradwall Arms.]] |
Revision as of 12:04, 23 April 2012
Bradwall | |
---|---|
Population | 166 [1] |
OS grid reference | SJ759635 |
Civil parish |
|
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | SANDBACH |
Postcode district | CW11 |
Dialling code | 01270 |
Police | Cheshire |
Fire | Cheshire |
Ambulance | North West |
UK Parliament | |
Bradwall is a small village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East, situated near Sandbach in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. According to the 2001 census, the population of the entire parish was 166.[1] The town is about two and a half miles north-west of Sandbach, and is supposed to have been waste at the time of the Domesday Survey, and attached to the Barony of Kinderton.[3]
History
3rd century Roman finds
Roman coins dating from not earlier than 270 A.D. were discovered in 1820, and described by historian George Ormerod (1785–1873):
- "A mole-catcher working at Brereton, at a short distance from the Brindley Moor's Farm and about four miles direct from the Roman station at Kinderton, at a point where a small brook is crossed by the footpath from Brereton to Sandbach. struck his paddle against something resembling a mass of fused metal, contained in a decayed box, but afterwards found to consist of about a thousand Roman coins, bound together by verdigris and rust. Nearly 600 of them are in my possession, which are partly broken and corroded, and partly good specimens of the denarii acrii of Gallienus, Claudius II., the Tetrici, Victorinus and Diocletian."[4][5]
Hollins and Hope hamlets
Hollins used to be a hamlet in Bradwall,[6] sometimes referred to as Bradwall-cum-Hollins.[7] There is now a Hollinsgreen.[8] There is mention of a water-powered corn mill (watercorn miln) there:
- "In 1589 there is mention of "a watercorn milne in Bradwall, called Hollynwood milne" and" Hollin Wood in Bradwall, formerly called Bradwall Wood. In the list of Cheshire Freeholders in 1579, Richard Halton of Hollins occurs."[9]
Hope also used to be a hamlet in Bradwall.[10][11] It is not to be confused with Bradwell in the parish of Hope, in Derbyshire.
- "A hamlet named HOPE in this township is referred to at an early period. By a charter without date, and so before the year 1300, William de Venables, formerly son and heir of Sir Roger de Venables, confirms the gift, which Hugh de Venables, formerly son of Sir William de Venables, had made to Reginald, his son, of the fourth part of Hope, according to the tenour of the charter which the said Hugh made to the said Roger; these being witnesses: Sir (dño) Thomas de Dutton, Sir (dño) John de Sandbach, Richard Starki, Ralph de Norton, Rauf de Brereton, John de Queloc [ Wheelock], Richard de Bradwall, and Richard Dodefyne. This Reginald appears to have called himself after the name of his estate, and in 1309, William, the son of Reginald de Hope, occurs. In the next century, I Edward IV., 1461, Richard del Hope grants to John, his son, certain lands in Bradwall."[9]
Bradwall Hall
Bradwall Hall was the seat of the Latham family. It is old, but of uncertain date. It was originally possessed by the Venables, who, before 1287, granted it out in two family, one of which too from the place itself the name of Bradwall.
A daughter and heiress of the Berington family conveyed it by marriage to William Oldfield, whose descendant, in 1719, sold it to Charles Ward, of Dublin; and he again in 1725 conveyed it to John Jervis as a marriage portion with his daughter, Grace. Dr. Latham, who purchased the estate from the executors of John Jervis in 1802.[12]
Bradwall Reformatory School for Boys
Bradwall Reformatory School [13] was built by George William Latham (1827–1886) on his own property at Bradwall Hall, in 1855:
- "The School is intended for the benefit of the County of Chester, a district partly agricultural but comprising also the manufacturing towns of Stockport, Macclesfield, Ashton and Staleybridge, the coal fields of Poynton, the salt works of Northwich, Middlewich and Nantwich, and the sea-ports of Birkenhead and Warrington — and is now about half finished, and will be in operation at the end of September or October. [..] Mr. George William Latham of Bradwall Hall, is the sole manager, there is no committee, and he has the entire responsibility and control. The school is built on his land, about half a mile from his house, and he will be able to add from time to time such land as is wanted for the industrial labour of the boys, and will charge the school with an agricultural rent for it. It is intended that the labour shall be entirely agricultural, and that as many of the boys as places can be found for, shall be apprenticed to farmers when their reform has sufficiently advanced to allow them to leave the school."[14]
In 1861, two eight year old boys, Peter Barratt and James Bradley, who had killed two-year-old George Burgess, were charge with manslaughter, and sentenced by the judge Sir Charles Compton to be sent to the Reformatory at Bradwall, which "was to rank as the most enlightened and successful institution of its kind in the country".[15] A report to the House of Commons in 1861 reported that:
- "There were 58 boys in the school when I inspected it. They looked well and healthy, and appeared much more bright and cheerful than formerly. The officers seemed also more kindly, and the whole of the establishment was in a very comfortable and satisfactory condition. The premises were in excellent order, and the farm much improved ; it now comprises 90 acres. I was glad to find that more of the ordinary farming processes were being resorted to ; the plough and other common agricultural machines employed, so that the training of the lads as farm servants would be gradually made more complete than the use of spade labour allows of. The books are well kept. The punishments had been much fewer, chiefly fines or loss of privilege. The boys passed a very good examination. Of 23 boys in the first class, most of whom had not been more than two years in the institution, 15 wrote from dictation with only one or two mistakes (5 of them with none), and 9 did eleven sums, extending to practice and rule of three, without a mistake, 9 others did nine or ten of these. The spelling and writing were equally good. The second class also acquitted themselves very fairly, and on the whole I have not examined any school during the year in which the instruction of the boys has been more successfully attended to. Much of this is no doubt to be attributed to the pains which the schoolmaster, Mr. Goode (now superintendent of the Glamorgan Reformatory), had bestowed on the duties of his office.
- The cost per head for the year was 18l. 9s. 11d., on an average of 58 boys. The parents' payments 65l. 7s. 3d. The loss on the farm was 110l. 15s. 4d.; but stock in hand had increased in value 265l. 10s. 3d. Of 24 admissions 12 were on first commitment."[16]
George William Latham's cousin, Charles Latham (1816-1907) was surgeon to the Bradwall Reformatory from its foundation until his retirement in 1903.
Parliamentary representation
Bradwall civil parish was originally part of Sandbach Ancient Parish, and was created a separate parish from it in 1866. It also was part of Nantwich Hundred, Congleton Poor Law Union, Rural Sanitary District, and (after 1866) it formed part of Congleton Rural District [17] until 1974, when it became part of the Borough of Congleton.
In terms of parliamentary representation, the Bradwall area (including the time when it was not a separate civil parish) was in the Cheshire Southern Division from 1832 to 1867; in the Cheshire Mid Division, from 1867 to 1885; in the Eddisbury Division, from 1885 to 1918; in the Northwich Division, from 1918 to 1948; from 1948 it was in Knutsford County Constituency,[17] but it is currently in Congleton County Constituency.[18]
Notable people
- Humphrey Berington (c.1535 - 1591), his son John Berington (1564-1603).[19] and his granddaughter Helen who married Philip Oldfield, resided at Bradwall Hall.[20]
- Edwin Foden, (1841–1911), vehicle manufacturer, died 31 August 1911 at his home, Elworth House, Bradwall.[21]
- William Foden (1868–1964), vehicle manufacturer, born 23 September 1868, Bradwall Green.[22]
- John Jervis (d.c.1747) who family was seated at Bradwall for two or three generations.[23]
- John Latham (1761–1843), physician, moved to Bradwall Hall in 1829, an died there in 1843.[24]
- Philip Oldfield (c.1541 - 15 Dec 1616), lawyer.[25][26]
- Sir William Venables (c.1245 - c.1292)[27], brother of the Baron of Kinderton.[28][29][30]
Notable seats
Berington of Bradwall Arms Arms: Sable, three greyhounds courant in pale Argent, collared Gules, within a bordure of the second. Crest: A greyhound's head Argent issuant from a ducal coronet Or, gorged with a collar Gules.[31] |
Latham of Bradwall Arms Arms: Erminois on a chief indented azure three bezants, over all a bend Gules. Crest: On a rock proper, an eagle with wings elevated Erminois preying on a child proper, swaddled Azure[32] |
Oldfield of Bradwall Arms Arms: Or on a bend Gules three cross patée fitchée Or. Crest: A demi-wivern with wings expanded Argent, crined Or, issuant from a ducal coronet of the second.[33] |
Venables of Bradwall Arms Arms: Azure two bars Argent, in chief two plates. Crest: A wyvern, with wings endorsed Argent, pierced with an arrow headed Or and feathered Argent, devouring a child proper. [Sometimes depicted standing on a weir.][34] |
Notes
- ^ a b Official 2001 Census Figures. Neighbourhood Statistics Website. Retrieval Date: 23 August 2007.
- ^ "Complete list of lost English country houses", Lost Heritage website, retrieved 8 Nov 2011
- ^ J H. Hanshall, The history of the county palatine of Chester, 1823 (page 594)
- ^ Earwaker, (1890) page 146
- ^ Transactions, Volumes 1-2, Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1855. Letter from George Ormerod. (page 212
- ^ Thomas Moule, The English Counties Delineated, Volume 2, Publisher Virtue, 1837, (page 287)
- ^ The Cambridge University Magazine, Volume 1, Issue 1, Publisher W.P. Grant, 1840. (page 377)
- ^ Hollinsgreen at Streetmap.co.uk, retrieved on 28 Nov 2011
- ^ a b Earwaker (1890) page 145
- ^ English Place-Name society, Volume 45, English Place-Name Society, Publisher The University Press, 1970. (ref)
- ^ The Thirty-Ninth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper, 1878 (ref)
- ^ John Bernard Burke (sir.), A visitation of the seats and arms of the noblemen and gentlemen of Great Britain, Publisher: Colburn, 1853 (page 127)
- ^ "Bradwall Reformatory School 1855 to 1920", a Local History Site. ([1])
- ^ The Irish quarterly review, Volume 5, Publisher W.B. Kelly, 1855. (page li)
- ^ Gitta Sereny, "A Child Murdered by Children", The Independent, Sun 23 April 1995
- ^ Reports from Commissioners, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, 1862 (page 33)
- ^ a b Youngs, F. A. (1991). page 8.
- ^ Election Maps website. Source for current Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries. Retrieval Date: 23 August 2007.
- ^ John Burke, A genealogical and heraldic history of the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank: but uninvested with heritable honours, Volume 4, Publisher: Published for Henry Colburn, by R. Bentley, 1838. (page 336)
- ^ Earwaker (1890) pp. 129
- ^ Adrian Room, ‘Foden, Edwin (1841–1911)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 28 Nov 2011
- ^ Richard A. Storey, ‘Foden, William (1868–1964)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 28 Nov 2011
- ^ Earwaker (1890) pp. 140
- ^ Norman Moore, ‘Latham, John (1761–1843)’, rev. Anita McConnell, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 28 Nov 2011
- ^ Journal of the Architectural, Archaeological, and Historic Society for the county and the city of Chester and North Wales, Volume 2, Historic Society for the County, City, and Neighborhood of Chester, Chester and North Wales Archaeological and Historic Society, 1864 (page 366)
- ^ Earwaker (1890) pp. 136
- ^ "William de Venables of Bradwell", family tree
- ^ The Gentleman's Magazine, Volume 90, Part 1, Publisher F. Jefferies, 1820. (page 330)
- ^ Frederic Madden, Bulkeley Bandinel, John Gough Nichols (Editors), Collectanea topographica et genealogica, Volume 8, Publisher J. B. Nichols and son, 1843. (149)
- ^ Earwaker (1890) pp. 128
- ^ Earwaker (1890) page 131
- ^ Earwaker (1890) page 142
- ^ Earwaker (1890) page 126
- ^ Earwaker, (1890) page 126
Bibliography
- John Parsons Earwaker, The History of the Ancient Parish of Sandbach, "Bradwall Township", Co. Chester including the two chapelries of Holmes Chapel and Goostrey from original records. (1890)
- "Reformatory Work at Bradwall", Cheshire Observer, Saturday, February 11, 1893; pg. 5; Issue 2114.
- Youngs, F. A. (1991). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume I: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0861931270.
External links
- "Bradwall Reformatory School" at The National Archives, retrieved 28 Nov 2011 (and also)
Media related to Bradwall at Wikimedia Commons
See also
Effigy of Philip Oldfield of Bradwall, effigy in the Church of St Mary-on-the-Hill, Chester. Ref. Earwaker, (1890) (page 133)