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Musiał's research of [[Soviet partisans]] in ''Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944'', was reviewed by [[Karel C. Berkhoff]] who praised Musial for having a great skill, noted that the book seems to have not printing errors, read easily, and will likely remain a comprehensive description of partisan warfare in Belarus due to its large source base. However the book has two key weaknesses. The first is not making the protagonists, never pictured, come alive as individuals with the book remaining too close to the sources. The second being Berkhoff criticizing ascribing independent partisans groups to "Soviet", questioning the use of "movement" to describe the partisans, the rejection of anti-Semitism with regard to the Polish Home Army units in Belarus which attack Jews, not exploring the degree of loyalty to Stalin's state, the propoganda issued by the groups, and lack of a comparison between the partisans described and other partisans in Belarus, Ukraine, or western Europe.<ref name=KB>{{cite journal |title=Bogdan Musial. Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944: Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2009. 592 S. ISBN 978-3-506-76687-8 |author=Reviewed by Karel Berkhoff |publisher=Published on H-Soz-u-Kult |date=October 2010 |url=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=31597}}</ref> |
Musiał's research of [[Soviet partisans]] in ''Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944'', was reviewed by [[Karel C. Berkhoff]] who praised Musial for having a great skill, noted that the book seems to have not printing errors, read easily, and will likely remain a comprehensive description of partisan warfare in Belarus due to its large source base. However the book has two key weaknesses. The first is not making the protagonists, never pictured, come alive as individuals with the book remaining too close to the sources. The second being Berkhoff criticizing ascribing independent partisans groups to "Soviet", questioning the use of "movement" to describe the partisans, the rejection of anti-Semitism with regard to the Polish Home Army units in Belarus which attack Jews, not exploring the degree of loyalty to Stalin's state, the propoganda issued by the groups, and lack of a comparison between the partisans described and other partisans in Belarus, Ukraine, or western Europe.<ref name=KB>{{cite journal |title=Bogdan Musial. Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944: Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2009. 592 S. ISBN 978-3-506-76687-8 |author=Reviewed by Karel Berkhoff |publisher=Published on H-Soz-u-Kult |date=October 2010 |url=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=31597}}</ref> |
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According to [[Joanna Michlic]], Musiał belongs to an ethno-nationalist school of thought in Poland that also includes [[Marek Jan Chodakiewicz]] and [[Tomasz Strzembosz]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=hW8pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA433&lpg=PA433&dq=Bogdan+Musia%C5%82+ethnonationalist&source=bl&ots=PfUVeWf9ms&sig=rDeaHJFasXclNCm4OvV7w5aBBXA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGkeGtufjZAhWhFZoKHSD8AB8Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=Bogdan%20Musia%C5%82&f=false Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe], edited by John-Paul Himka, Joanna Beata Michlic, page 433</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=_BbvQbiaqAEC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Bogdan+Musia%C5%82+ethnonationalist&source=bl&ots=tKpqU7lJfh&sig=mqU9bXmwG9AqJzZTQS8OOX1Y1dQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGkeGtufjZAhWhFZoKHSD8AB8Q6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=Musia%C5%82&f=false Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland], edited by Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, page 87</ref> |
According to [[Joanna Michlic]], Musiał belongs to an ethno-nationalist school of thought in Poland that also includes [[Marek Jan Chodakiewicz]] and [[Tomasz Strzembosz]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=hW8pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA433&lpg=PA433&dq=Bogdan+Musia%C5%82+ethnonationalist&source=bl&ots=PfUVeWf9ms&sig=rDeaHJFasXclNCm4OvV7w5aBBXA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGkeGtufjZAhWhFZoKHSD8AB8Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=Bogdan%20Musia%C5%82&f=false Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe], edited by John-Paul Himka, Joanna Beata Michlic, page 433</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=_BbvQbiaqAEC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Bogdan+Musia%C5%82+ethnonationalist&source=bl&ots=tKpqU7lJfh&sig=mqU9bXmwG9AqJzZTQS8OOX1Y1dQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGkeGtufjZAhWhFZoKHSD8AB8Q6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=Musia%C5%82&f=false Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland], edited by Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, page 87</ref> According to Michlic this groups treats the notion of [[Żydokomuna]] (Judeo-Communism) not as an [[antisemitic canard]] but rather an image rooted in historical reality, in which Jews were pro-Soviet and anti-Polish, basing their claims on primary wartime sources of various origins.<ref>[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=_BbvQbiaqAEC&pg=PA69&dq=Tomasz+Strzembosz+historiography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX2cz_t_nZAhUNYVAKHameAbAQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=Tomasz%20Strzembosz%20historiography&f=false Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland], edited by Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, page 69</ref> |
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[[Per Anders Rudling]], reviewing “Konterrevolutionäre Elemente sind zu erschießen”: Die Brutalisieung |
[[Per Anders Rudling]], reviewing “Konterrevolutionäre Elemente sind zu erschießen”: Die Brutalisieung |
Revision as of 22:42, 19 March 2018
Bogdan Musiał | |
---|---|
Cover of Sowjetische Partisanen. Mythos und Wirklichkeit by Bogdan Musiał | |
Born | 1960 |
Occupation | Historian, author |
Notable works | Sowjetische Partisanen. Mythos und Wirklichkeit (2009) |
Professor Bogdan Musiał (born 1960) is a Polish-German historian with Polish background and dual citizenship. Born in Poland, Musiał arrived to Germany as a political refugee in 1985 where he became a naturalized citizen, and returned to Poland in 2010. He specializes in the history of World War II.[1][2]
Career
Bogdan Musiał was born in 1960 in Wielopole, Dąbrowa County, Poland. He worked in Silesian mines and worked with the Polish Solidarność movement. On account of the latter involvement, he was persecuted by state security and in 1985 sought and received political asylum in the Federal Republic of Germany; in 1992 he was naturalized. He worked as a mechanic, and from 1990 to 1998 studied history, political science and sociology at the Leibniz University of Hannover and the University of Manchester. In 1998 he graduated with a thesis on the treatment of Jews in occupied Poland.
From 1991 to 1998, Musiał received a scholarship from Friedrich Ebert Foundation. During that time he was one of the main critics of the Wehrmachtsausstellung exhibition compiled by the Hamburg Institute for Social Research, which eventually had to be seriously revised before reopening to conform with his findings.[3]
Since 1998 he served as scientific researcher at the German Historical Institute in Warsaw where he has studied previously inaccessible sources about crimes of the Soviet NKVD during the Soviet retreat in 1941 which escalated violence.[1]
In 2008 he published the book Kampfplatz Deutschland. Since 2010 he lives in Poland and works at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw.[citation needed]
In 2008, Musiał published a controversial article in Rzeczpospolita, alleging that Polish historian Włodzimierz Borodziej's, who had advocated for new research into the Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II, father had been an officer in Służba Bezpieczeństwa and arranged for his son position in the German-Polish Textbook Commission, which per Musiał tarnish Borodziej's credibility as a historian.[4][5][6]
Musial is critical of work by the Holocaust writer Jan Gross, stating that rather then being a historic research it a commercial work, largely distorting history, according to Musial there are far more credible serious scholarly works, and Gross should be ignored as it only serves to give him publicity.[7]
Musial supports demanding war reparations from Germany for destruction and loss of life Poland endured from Nazi Germany which he views as unpaid (Germany claims the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany waived such claims).[8] He has been critical towards media productions he views as portraying Poles in negative and stereotypical way such as the book Inferno of Choices: Poles and the Holocaust[9][10][11] or widely criticized Aftermath film based on the events in the Jedwabne pogrom[12][13]
Criticism
Musiał's research of Soviet partisans in Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944, was reviewed by Karel C. Berkhoff who praised Musial for having a great skill, noted that the book seems to have not printing errors, read easily, and will likely remain a comprehensive description of partisan warfare in Belarus due to its large source base. However the book has two key weaknesses. The first is not making the protagonists, never pictured, come alive as individuals with the book remaining too close to the sources. The second being Berkhoff criticizing ascribing independent partisans groups to "Soviet", questioning the use of "movement" to describe the partisans, the rejection of anti-Semitism with regard to the Polish Home Army units in Belarus which attack Jews, not exploring the degree of loyalty to Stalin's state, the propoganda issued by the groups, and lack of a comparison between the partisans described and other partisans in Belarus, Ukraine, or western Europe.[14]
According to Joanna Michlic, Musiał belongs to an ethno-nationalist school of thought in Poland that also includes Marek Jan Chodakiewicz and Tomasz Strzembosz.[15][16] According to Michlic this groups treats the notion of Żydokomuna (Judeo-Communism) not as an antisemitic canard but rather an image rooted in historical reality, in which Jews were pro-Soviet and anti-Polish, basing their claims on primary wartime sources of various origins.[17]
Per Anders Rudling, reviewing “Konterrevolutionäre Elemente sind zu erschießen”: Die Brutalisieung des deutsch-sowjetischen Krieges im Sommer 1941. (“Counter-revolutionary Elements are to be Shot”: The Brutalization of the German-Soviet War in the Summer of 1941), wrote that book was not very well received by German Holocaust historians, receiving sharp criticism. Rudling notes that Musiał predicted in his introduction that "German liberal intellectuals are not going to like his book for political reasons. In his eyes, the sensitiveness surrounding the subject of the Holocaust and the National Socialist past has often worked as a block to a scholarly approach to the subject". Musiał places responsiblity for the outbreak of World War II both on Germany and on the Soviet Union, with Poland and Poles being the primary victims. Rudling criticizes Musiał for not describing how and why Poland ended up possession of Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia (east of the Curzon Line) as a result of the use of force in the Polish–Soviet War in violation of the principles of national self-determination set up by Wilson. Musiał fails to comment on possible reasons some members of the minorities in the east may have had to take revenge of their former Polish masters following the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. According to Rudling Musiał makes use of " controversial statistics, aimed at pointing out that Poles were singled out and subjected to uniquely harsh terror under Stalin, often at the hands of Jews. However, the statistics Musial relies on to back his claim seem somewhat exaggerated". Rudling concludes by saying that "By focusing on these tragic events, the book has stirred up a debate. It is a debate with unpleasant undertones of nationalism and ethnic hatred, and perhaps not at the level at which we may want to see academic debates conducted, but it is still a debate". Noting that the book in no way measures up to Jan T. Gross's Revolution from abroad, which stands unrivaled as the most complete study of the tragic events in 1939-41 in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. However despite its limitations, Musiał's book does add knowledge to the subject area.[18]
Bibliography
- "Aktion Reinhardt". Der Völkermord an den Juden im Generalgouvernement 1941-1944 (The Origins of “Operation Reinhard”: The Decision-Making Process for the Mass Murder of the Jews in the General Government) Osnabrück 2004
- Sowjetische Partisanen in Weißrußland. Innenansichten aus dem Gebiet Baranovici 1941-1944. Eine Dokumentation (Soviets partisans in Belarus). Oldenbourg Verlag, München 2004, ISBN 3-486-64588-9.[19]
- “The Origins of ‘Operation Reinhard’: The Decision-Making Process for the Mass Murder of the Jews in the Generalgouvernment.” Yad Vashem Studies 28 (2000): 113-153.
- Deutsche Zivilverwaltung und Judenverfolgung im Generalgouvernement. Eine Fallstudie zum Distrikt Lublin 1939-1944. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-447-04208-7.
- Kampfplatz Deutschland, Stalins Kriegspläne gegen den Westen (Battle-ground Germany, Stalin's plans of war against the West). Propyläen, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-549-07335-3.
- Sowjetische Partisanen 1941–1944: Mythos und Wirklichkeit (Soviet partisans. Myth and Reality), Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2009; 592 pages. ISBN 978-3-506-76687-8.[20]
- "Stalins Beutezug. Die Plünderung Deutschlands und der Aufstieg der Sowjetunion zur Weltmacht" (Stalin's plundering raid. The plundering of Germany and the rise of the Soviet Union to a Superpower),Propyläen, Berlin 2010. ISBN 978-3-549-07370-4.
References
- ^ a b Bogdan Musial, Konterrevolutionäre Elemente sind zu erschießen. Die Brutalisierung des deutsch-sowjetischen Krieges im Sommer 1941, Propyläen Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-549-07126-4.
- ^ Bogdan Musial (ed), Sowjetische Partisanen in Weißrußland by Marek Jan Chodakiewicz. Archived 2012-07-18 at the Wayback Machine The Sarmatian Review, April 2006 Issue.
- ^ "Crimes of the German Wehrmacht: Dimensions of a War of Annihilation 1941-1944" (PDF). Press releases, January to November 2000. Hamburg Institute for Social Research: 9–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2015. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
{{cite journal}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Post-Communist Poland – Contested Pasts and Future Identities, Ewa Ochman, page 172
- ^ Innocent Stalin and bad Poles, Rzeczpospolita, May 2008, Bogdan Musiał
- ^ How did the Institute of National Remembrance arrange for prof. Borodziej, Wyborcza, September 2008
- ^ http://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/opinie/prof-bogdan-musia-gross-porzuci-nauke-dla-komercji_175936.html
- ^ Striving for Historical Justice, 16 Jan 2018, Harvard Political Review
- ^ The truth in black and white, Frankfurter Allgemeine, 10 Aug 2012
- ^ The Ministry of Foreign Affairs promotes a book about Polish anti-Semitism, RP, 7 Aug 2012
- ^ Professor Bogdan Musiał: Harmful image of an anti-Semite Pole in the book "Inferno of Choices, wpolityce, 2012
- ^ The legacy of anti-Semites, Spiegel, 16 Jan 2013
- ^ Our interview: "Aftermath" reproduces historical falsity, Niezależna.pl, 14 Nov 2012
- ^ Reviewed by Karel Berkhoff (October 2010). "Bogdan Musial. Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944: Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2009. 592 S. ISBN 978-3-506-76687-8". Published on H-Soz-u-Kult.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe, edited by John-Paul Himka, Joanna Beata Michlic, page 433
- ^ Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland, edited by Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, page 87
- ^ Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland, edited by Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, page 69
- ^ Rudling, Per Anders. "Bogdan Musial and the Question of Jewish Responsibility for the Pogroms in Lviv in the Summer of 1941." East European Jewish Affairs 35.1 (2005): 69-89.
- ^ Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (January 23, 2005). "Review of Bogdan Musial, Sowjetische Partisanen in Weißrußland: Innenansichten aus dem Gebiet Baranoviči, 1941-1944". "The myth exposed." Scholarly book review. Washington, DC: The Institute of World Politics. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ Karel Berkhoff (October 2010). "Review of Musial, Bogdan, Sowjetische Partisanen 1941-1944: Mythos und Wirklichkeit". Scholarly review published by H-Net Reviews. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- Paweł Paliwoda (February 2, 2001), Bogdan Musiał interviewed by Paweł Paliwoda. Życie, Internet Archive.