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|manufacturer= [[Boeing Defense, Space & Security]] |
|manufacturer= [[Boeing Defense, Space & Security]] |
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|designer= |
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|first flight= 25 April 2009<ref name=first_flight>[http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2009/q2/090426a_nr.html "Boeing P-8A Poseidon successfully completes 1st flight."] Boeing, 27 April 2009.</ref> |
|first flight= 25 April 2009<ref name=first_flight>[http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2009/q2/090426a_nr.html "Boeing P-8A Poseidon successfully completes 1st flight."] ''Boeing,'' 27 April 2009.</ref> |
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|introduced= [[Initial operating capability]] planned for 2013<ref name=FI_first_production/> |
|introduced= [[Initial operating capability]] planned for 2013<ref name=FI_first_production/> |
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|retired= |
|retired= |
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|primary user= [[United States Navy]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user. --> |
|primary user= [[United States Navy]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user. --> |
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|more users= [[Indian Navy]] <!-- Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br/>.--> |
|more users= [[Indian Navy]] <!-- Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br/>.--> |
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|number built= 7 as of March 2012<ref>Ramey, Chick and LaToya Graddy. [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2158 "Boeing delivers 1st P-8A Poseidon production aircraft to US Navy."] Boeing, 6 March 2012.</ref> |
|number built= 7 as of March 2012<ref>Ramey, Chick and LaToya Graddy. [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2158 "Boeing delivers 1st P-8A Poseidon production aircraft to US Navy."] ''Boeing,'' 6 March 2012.</ref> |
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|unit cost= |
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|developed from= [[Boeing 737 Next Generation]] |
|developed from= [[Boeing 737 Next Generation]] |
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===Origins=== |
===Origins=== |
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The [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]] ASW aircraft has been in service with the U.S. Navy since 1962.<ref name='USNavyFactFile'>[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1400&ct=1 "P-3C Orion long range ASW aircraft."] ''Navy.mil,'' 18 February 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> In the mid-1980s the Navy began studies for a replacement aircraft for the P-3, which had its range and time on station capabilities reduced because of increasing weight and was approaching the end of its airframe fatigue life. The Navy specification also required reduced operating and support costs. In 1989, the Navy awarded Lockheed a fixed-price contract to develop the [[Lockheed P-7|P-7]], but the project was canceled the following year.<ref>Bailey, John. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%202126.html "Lockheed loses to Survive."] ''Flight International'', 1–7 August 1990.</ref> |
The [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]] ASW aircraft has been in service with the U.S. Navy since 1962.<ref name='USNavyFactFile'>[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1400&ct=1 "P-3C Orion long range ASW aircraft."] ''Navy.mil,'' 18 February 2009. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> In the mid-1980s the Navy began studies for a replacement aircraft for the P-3, which had its range and time on station capabilities reduced because of increasing weight and was approaching the end of its airframe fatigue life. The Navy specification also required reduced operating and support costs. In 1989, the Navy awarded Lockheed a fixed-price contract to develop the [[Lockheed P-7|P-7]], but the project was canceled the following year.<ref>Bailey, John. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%202126.html "Lockheed loses to Survive."] ''Flight International'', 1–7 August 1990.</ref> |
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[[Boeing]] and [[Lockheed Martin]] were part of a new competition for a replacement aircraft begun in 2000. Lockheed submitted the [[Lockheed P-3 Orion#Variants|Orion 21]], an updated, new-build version of the P-3 [[turboprop]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100201033005/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRTypen/FR737MMA.htm "Boeing 737 MMA."] ''Flug Revue'', 17 June 2004.</ref> Boeing submitted a proposal centered around its [[Boeing 737 Next Generation|737-800]] airliner.<ref>Cortes, Lorenzo and Amy Butler. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6712/is_52_222/ai_n29104857/ "Boeing wins navy's $3.88 Billion MMA bid over Lockheed Martin."] ''Defense Daily'' |
[[Boeing]] and [[Lockheed Martin]] were part of a new competition for a replacement aircraft begun in 2000. Lockheed submitted the [[Lockheed P-3 Orion#Variants|Orion 21]], an updated, new-build version of the P-3 [[turboprop]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100201033005/http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/FRTypen/FR737MMA.htm "Boeing 737 MMA."] ''Flug Revue'', 17 June 2004.</ref> Boeing submitted a proposal centered around its [[Boeing 737 Next Generation|737-800]] airliner.<ref>Cortes, Lorenzo and Amy Butler. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6712/is_52_222/ai_n29104857/ "Boeing wins navy's $3.88 Billion MMA bid over Lockheed Martin."] ''Defense Daily,'' 15 June 2004.</ref> [[BAE Systems]] offered a new-build version of the [[BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4|Nimrod MRA4]], the newest version of the UK's indigenous jet-powered maritime patrol aircraft. However, BAE withdrew from the competition in October 2002, recognizing the political reality that the failure to find a US-based production partner made the bid unrealistic.<ref>Lewis, Paul. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2002/10/08/155930/bae-pulls-out-of-mma-competition.html "BAE pulls out of MMA competition; Lack of US partner prompts Nimrod MRA4 withdrawal."] ''Flight International,'' 8 October 2002, p. 5. Retrieved: 6 December 2006.</ref> |
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On 14 May 2004, Boeing was selected winner of the competition.<ref name="boeing_20040514">LeMond-Holman, Ellen et al. [http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2004/q2/nr_040614n.html "Boeing team wins $3.89 Billion multi-mission Maritime Aircraft Program."] Boeing, 14 May 2004. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> The following month the Navy awarded Boeing a development contract for MMA.<ref>[http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=13759 "Boeing to develop navy's multi-mission maritime aircraft."] ''U.S. Navy,'' 15 June 2004. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</ref> The project was planned to be for at least 108 airframes for the U.S. Navy.<ref name=P-8_Navy_fact_file/> More orders are possible from the other nations operating over 200 P-3s. Project value is expected to be worth at least $15 billion. [[Raytheon]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[Spirit AeroSystems]], [[GE Aviation Systems]], [[Marshall Aerospace]], [[CFM International|CFMI]], BAE Systems, and [[Marotta]] are major subcontractors.<ref>Lemond, Ellen, Chick Ramey and Debiie Gann. [http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/news/2007/q4/071212c_nr.html "Boeing-led Poseidon team begins production of first P-8A fuselage."] Boeing, 12 December 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> |
On 14 May 2004, Boeing was selected winner of the competition.<ref name="boeing_20040514">LeMond-Holman, Ellen et al. [http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2004/q2/nr_040614n.html "Boeing team wins $3.89 Billion multi-mission Maritime Aircraft Program."] ''Boeing'', 14 May 2004. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> The following month the Navy awarded Boeing a development contract for MMA.<ref>[http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=13759 "Boeing to develop navy's multi-mission maritime aircraft."] ''U.S. Navy,'' 15 June 2004. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.</ref> The project was planned to be for at least 108 airframes for the U.S. Navy.<ref name=P-8_Navy_fact_file/> More orders are possible from the other nations operating over 200 P-3s. Project value is expected to be worth at least $15 billion. [[Raytheon]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[Spirit AeroSystems]], [[GE Aviation Systems]], [[Marshall Aerospace]], [[CFM International|CFMI]], BAE Systems, and [[Marotta]] are major subcontractors.<ref>Lemond, Ellen, Chick Ramey and Debiie Gann. [http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/news/2007/q4/071212c_nr.html "Boeing-led Poseidon team begins production of first P-8A fuselage."] ''Boeing,'' 12 December 2007. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> |
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In July 2004, the U.S. Navy placed an order for five MMA aircraft. The first flight-test aircraft was to be completed in 2009 before beginning testing.<ref name=P-8_Navy_fact_file>[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1300&ct=1 "P-8A multi-mission maritime aircraft (MMA)."] ''U.S. Navy,'' 17 February 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> The first aircraft, a test aircraft, is to be converted to production standards at a later date. Boeing's MMA aircraft received the P-8A designation on 30 March 2005.<ref>Hatcher, Renee. [http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.PrintNewsStory&id=3157 "MMA is designated P-8A."] ''U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR)'', 1 April 2005. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</ref> The Navy later ordered another five aircraft. |
In July 2004, the U.S. Navy placed an order for five MMA aircraft. The first flight-test aircraft was to be completed in 2009 before beginning testing.<ref name=P-8_Navy_fact_file>[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1300&ct=1 "P-8A multi-mission maritime aircraft (MMA)."] ''U.S. Navy,'' 17 February 2009. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> The first aircraft, a test aircraft, is to be converted to production standards at a later date. Boeing's MMA aircraft received the P-8A designation on 30 March 2005.<ref>Hatcher, Renee. [http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.PrintNewsStory&id=3157 "MMA is designated P-8A."] ''U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR)'', 1 April 2005. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.</ref> The Navy later ordered another five aircraft. |
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===Design phase and testing=== |
===Design phase and testing=== |
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[[File:Boeing P-8A rollout 30 July 2009.jpg|thumb|Roll-out of the P-8 on 30 July 2009]] |
[[File:Boeing P-8A rollout 30 July 2009.jpg|thumb|Roll-out of the P-8 on 30 July 2009]] |
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The P-8 is based on a proven airframe design and will at first be equipped with legacy P-3 systems with later upgrades to more advanced technology. The [[Government Accountability Office]] has credited this incremental approach with keeping the project on schedule and on budget. Timely replacement of the P-3s is vital because their airframes are breaking down from age and use.<ref>Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. [http://defense.aol.com/2012/10/02/navys-p-8-sub-hunter-bets-on-high-altitude-high-tech-barf-bag/?icid=related3 "Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional."] 2 October 2012.</ref> |
The P-8 is based on a proven airframe design and will at first be equipped with legacy P-3 systems with later upgrades to more advanced technology. The [[Government Accountability Office]] has credited this incremental approach with keeping the project on schedule and on budget. Timely replacement of the P-3s is vital because their airframes are breaking down from age and use.<ref>Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. [http://defense.aol.com/2012/10/02/navys-p-8-sub-hunter-bets-on-high-altitude-high-tech-barf-bag/?icid=related3 "Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional."] ''AOL Defense,'' 2 October 2012.</ref> |
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In mid-2008, the [[Naval Air Systems Command]] (NAVAIR) deleted the requirement for the P-8A to be equipped with [[magnetic anomaly detector|magnetic anomaly detection]] (MAD) equipment. This was part of a NAVAIR-directed effort to reduce P-8A aircraft weight by {{convert|3500|lb|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} to improve aircraft range and endurance. P-8Is destined for the Indian Navy will continue to retain MAD. The P-8A will use a new hydrocarbon sensor to detect fuel vapors from diesel submarines and other conventionally powered ships.<ref>[http://www.gao.gov/htext/d09326sp.html GAO-09-326SP "Assessments of major weapon programs."] ''GAO'' |
In mid-2008, the [[Naval Air Systems Command]] (NAVAIR) deleted the requirement for the P-8A to be equipped with [[magnetic anomaly detector|magnetic anomaly detection]] (MAD) equipment. This was part of a NAVAIR-directed effort to reduce P-8A aircraft weight by {{convert|3500|lb|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} to improve aircraft range and endurance. P-8Is destined for the Indian Navy will continue to retain MAD. The P-8A will use a new hydrocarbon sensor to detect fuel vapors from diesel submarines and other conventionally powered ships.<ref>[http://www.gao.gov/htext/d09326sp.html GAO-09-326SP "Assessments of major weapon programs."] ''GAO.'' Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> |
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The P-8's first flight occurred on 25 April 2009.<ref name=first_flight/> The second and third P-8s have flown and begun flight testing by early August 2010.<ref name=T3_first_flight>Ramey, Chick and Doug Abbotts. [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1360 "Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft T3 enters flight test."] Boeing, 2 August 2010.</ref> On 11 August 2010, the U.S. DoD approved the P-8 for [[low rate initial production|low-rate production]].<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-p-8a-approved-to-launch-production-346153/ "Boeing P-8A approved to launch production."] ''Flight International'' |
The P-8's first flight occurred on 25 April 2009.<ref name=first_flight/> The second and third P-8s have flown and begun flight testing by early August 2010.<ref name=T3_first_flight>Ramey, Chick and Doug Abbotts. [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1360 "Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft T3 enters flight test."] ''Boeing,'' 2 August 2010.</ref> On 11 August 2010, the U.S. DoD approved the P-8 for [[low rate initial production|low-rate production]].<ref>Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-p-8a-approved-to-launch-production-346153/ "Boeing P-8A approved to launch production."] ''Flight International,'' 13 August 2010. Retrieved: 28 September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.airforcesmonthly.com/view_news.asp?ID=2422 "P-8A Poseidon milestone reached."] ''AirForces Monthly'', 13 August 2010.</ref> A P-8 deployed sonobuoys for the first time on 15 October 2010, dropping six sonobuoys in three separate low altitude passes.<ref>Goettee, Liz. [http://blog.seattlepi.com/aerospace/2010/10/22/u-s-navy-boeing-p-8a-poseidon-launches-first-sonobuoys/ "U.S. Navy Boeing P-8A Poseidon launches first sonobuoys."] ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer,'' 22 October 2010. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.</ref> |
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In 2011, it was found that the ice detection system on the P-8 was defective due to the use of several counterfeit components. It is alleged that these substandard parts had been poorly refurbished and sold to P-8 subcontractor BAE Systems as new by a supplier in China.<ref>Reed, John. [http://defensetech.org/2011/11/08/counterfeit-parts-found-on-new-p-8-posiedons/ "Counterfeit Parts found on the P-8."] ''defensetech.org,'' 8 November 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2012.</ref> |
In 2011, it was found that the ice detection system on the P-8 was defective due to the use of several counterfeit components. It is alleged that these substandard parts had been poorly refurbished and sold to P-8 subcontractor BAE Systems as new by a supplier in China.<ref>Reed, John. [http://defensetech.org/2011/11/08/counterfeit-parts-found-on-new-p-8-posiedons/ "Counterfeit Parts found on the P-8."] ''defensetech.org,'' 8 November 2011. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> |
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The first production P-8A was handed over to the Navy on 4 March 2012. It flew to [[Naval Air Station Jacksonville]], Florida, where it will be used for aircrew training with the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS), Patrol Squadron 30 (VP-30).<ref name=FI_first_production>Majumdar, Dave. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-boeing-delivers-first-production-p-8a-369279/ "Picture: Boeing delivers first production P-8A."] ''Flight International'', 8 March 2012.</ref> On 24 September 2012, Boeing announced it had received a $1.9 billion order for another 11 aircraft. It has delivered the first three P-8As.<ref>[http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2425 |
The first production P-8A was handed over to the Navy on 4 March 2012. It flew to [[Naval Air Station Jacksonville]], Florida, where it will be used for aircrew training with the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS), Patrol Squadron 30 (VP-30).<ref name=FI_first_production>Majumdar, Dave. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-boeing-delivers-first-production-p-8a-369279/ "Picture: Boeing delivers first production P-8A."] ''Flight International'', 8 March 2012.</ref> On 24 September 2012, Boeing announced it had received a $1.9 billion order for another 11 aircraft. It has delivered the first three P-8As.<ref>[http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2425 "Boeing Press Release."] ''Boeing'', 24 September 2012.</ref> |
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===Derivatives=== |
===Derivatives=== |
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Boeing approached the U.S. Air Force in 2010 about replacing the [[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS|E-8C Joint STARS]] fleet with a modified version of the P-8 at the same cost Northrop Grumman proposed for re-engining and upgrading the E-8s.<ref name=WRP_Uncertainty>Rector, Gene. [http://warnerrobinspatriot.com/view/full_story/12166701/article-Uncertainty--perseverance-characterize-local-Joint-STARS-mission?instance=special_coverage_bullets_right_column "Uncertainty, perseverance characterized local joint STARS mission."] ''The Warner Robins Patriot'' |
Boeing approached the U.S. Air Force in 2010 about replacing the [[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS|E-8C Joint STARS]] fleet with a modified version of the P-8 at the same cost Northrop Grumman proposed for re-engining and upgrading the E-8s.<ref name=WRP_Uncertainty>Rector, Gene. [http://warnerrobinspatriot.com/view/full_story/12166701/article-Uncertainty--perseverance-characterize-local-Joint-STARS-mission?instance=special_coverage_bullets_right_column "Uncertainty, perseverance characterized local joint STARS mission."] ''The Warner Robins Patriot,'' 4 March 2011.</ref><ref name="pitches">Trimble, Stephen. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/02/18/338619/boeing-pitches-p-8-variant-to-replace-jstars.html "Boeing pitches P-8 variant to replace JSTARS."] ''Flight International,'' 18 February 2010.</ref> The proposed version is named P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance (AGS) and would integrate an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, and have ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capabilities.<ref name="P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance">[http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8ags/ "Overview: P-8 airborne ground surveillance."] ''Boeing''. Retrieved: 3 February 2012.</ref> |
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The main distinguishing feature of the P-8 AGS is pod-mounted radar, fixed to the lower centerline of the fuselage; the pod is lowered so the engine nacelles do not interrupt the radar's line of sight. Two aft ventral fins on lower aft provide stability for the aircraft. The P-8 AGS also uses the P-8A's Raytheon [[AN/APY-10]] multi-mission surface search radar.<ref name="P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance"/> Boeing has campaigned for a fleet of P-8 AGS aircraft instead of re-engining the E-8s.<ref name=PI_looks_to_sell>Cohen, Aubrey. [http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Boeing-looks-to-sell-more-737-based-military-jets-1417659.php#photo-1043466 "Boeing looks to sell more 737-based military jets."] ''Seattle |
The main distinguishing feature of the P-8 AGS is pod-mounted radar, fixed to the lower centerline of the fuselage; the pod is lowered so the engine nacelles do not interrupt the radar's line of sight. Two aft ventral fins on lower aft provide stability for the aircraft. The P-8 AGS also uses the P-8A's Raytheon [[AN/APY-10]] multi-mission surface search radar.<ref name="P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance"/> Boeing has campaigned for a fleet of P-8 AGS aircraft instead of re-engining the E-8s.<ref name=PI_looks_to_sell>Cohen, Aubrey. [http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Boeing-looks-to-sell-more-737-based-military-jets-1417659.php#photo-1043466 "Boeing looks to sell more 737-based military jets."] ''Seattle PI,'' 9 June 2011.</ref> The Air Force’s Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) of the JSTARS platform began in March 2010 to review options for performing the JSTARS mission. An initial decision on the AOA was expected in September 2011.<ref>[https://www.herbb.hanscom.af.mil/esc_opps.asp?rfp=R2350#programinformation "Joint STARS mission area analysis of alternatives (AoA) RFI."] ''hanscom.af.mil.'' Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> |
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==Design== |
==Design== |
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{{externalimage |topic=P-8 Poseidon cutway showing weapons bay |width= |align=right |image1=[http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/militaryaviation1946-2006cutaways/images/72467/boeing-poseidon-p-8-cutaway-poster.jpg Cutaway of P-8 from] [[Flightglobal.com]]}} |
{{externalimage |topic=P-8 Poseidon cutway showing weapons bay |width= |align=right |image1=[http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/militaryaviation1946-2006cutaways/images/72467/boeing-poseidon-p-8-cutaway-poster.jpg Cutaway of P-8 from] [[Flightglobal.com]]}} |
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The P-8 is a militarized version of the [[Boeing 737 Next Generation#737-800|737-800]] with 737-900-based wings.<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/index.html "B-8A Poseidon: Overview."] Boeing. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> The airframe uses a 737-800-based fuselage that is similar to but longer than the 737-700-based [[Boeing C-40 Clipper|C-40 Clipper]]. The P-8 has a strengthened fuselage and [[Boeing 767|767-400ER]]-style [[raked wingtips]], instead of the [[Wingtip device#Blended winglets|blended winglets]] available on 737NG variants.<ref>Warwick, Graham. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-mma-wingtips-combat-icing-198887/ "New MMA wingtips combat icing."] ''Flight International'' |
The P-8 is a militarized version of the [[Boeing 737 Next Generation#737-800|737-800]] with 737-900-based wings.<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/index.html "B-8A Poseidon: Overview."] ''Boeing.'' Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> The airframe uses a 737-800-based fuselage that is similar to but longer than the 737-700-based [[Boeing C-40 Clipper|C-40 Clipper]]. The P-8 has a strengthened fuselage and [[Boeing 767|767-400ER]]-style [[raked wingtips]], instead of the [[Wingtip device#Blended winglets|blended winglets]] available on 737NG variants.<ref>Warwick, Graham. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-mma-wingtips-combat-icing-198887/ "New MMA wingtips combat icing."] ''Flight International,'' 7 June 2005. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> The five operator stations (two [[Naval Flight Officer]]s plus three enlisted Aviation Warfare Operators/Naval Aircrewman) are mounted in a sideways row, along the port side of the cabin. None of these crew stations have windows. One observer window is located on each side of the forward cabin. |
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The P-8 features the Raytheon [[AN/APY-10|APY-10]] multi-mission surface search radar.<ref name=Raytheon_APY-10>[http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/apy10/ "AN/APY-10 maritime, littoral and overland surveillance radar."] ''Raytheon'' |
The P-8 features the Raytheon [[AN/APY-10|APY-10]] multi-mission surface search radar.<ref name=Raytheon_APY-10>[http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/apy10/ "AN/APY-10 maritime, littoral and overland surveillance radar."] ''Raytheon,'' 2011.</ref> The P-8I will feature an international version of the APY-10.<ref>[http://theasiandefence.blogspot.com/2010/07/raytheon-to-develop-international.html "Raytheon to develop international version of APY-10 radar for P-8I."] ''Theasiandefence.blogspot.com'', 18 July 2010. Retrieved: 13 March 2011.</ref> A short bomb bay for torpedoes and other stores opens behind the wing. The aircraft also includes six additional body fuel tanks for extended range from [[Marshall Aerospace]]; three of the tanks are located in the forward cargo compartment and three in the rear. In-flight refueling is via a receptacle on top of the forward fuselage, just aft of the cockpit. |
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In U.S. service, the Poseidon will be complemented by the [[Broad Area Maritime Surveillance]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] system, which will provide continuous surveillance. The system is expected to enter service around 2010. Around 40 UAVs based on the [[RQ-4 Global Hawk]] will be used in the program. Because of the cancellation of [[Lockheed Martin]]'s [[Aerial Common Sensor]] project, Boeing will propose a [[signals intelligence]] variant of the P-8 to service the requirement for the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]].<ref name="fi_20060126">Wastnage, Justin. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-unveils-new-737-signals-intelligence-concept-204338/ "Boeing unveils new 737 signals intelligence concept."] ''[[Flight International]]'', 26 January 2006. Retrieved 12 September 2012.</ref> |
In U.S. service, the Poseidon will be complemented by the [[Broad Area Maritime Surveillance]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] system, which will provide continuous surveillance. The system is expected to enter service around 2010. Around 40 UAVs based on the [[RQ-4 Global Hawk]] will be used in the program. Because of the cancellation of [[Lockheed Martin]]'s [[Aerial Common Sensor]] project, Boeing will propose a [[signals intelligence]] variant of the P-8 to service the requirement for the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]].<ref name="fi_20060126">Wastnage, Justin. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-unveils-new-737-signals-intelligence-concept-204338/ "Boeing unveils new 737 signals intelligence concept."] ''[[Flight International]]'', 26 January 2006. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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[[File:P-8 over Pacific.jpg|thumb|P-8 flying over Washington State]] |
[[File:P-8 over Pacific.jpg|thumb|P-8 flying over Washington State]] |
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In February 2012, the P-8 made its mission debut during "[[Bold Alligator]]" 2012, an annual littoral warfare exercise.<ref>Cavas, Christopher P. [http://www.navytimes.com/news/2012/02/dn-p8a-makes-debut-in-bold-alligator-exercise-020712/ "P-8A makes debut in 'Bold Alligator' exercise."] ''Navy Times'' |
In February 2012, the P-8 made its mission debut during "[[Bold Alligator]]" 2012, an annual littoral warfare exercise.<ref>Cavas, Christopher P. [http://www.navytimes.com/news/2012/02/dn-p8a-makes-debut-in-bold-alligator-exercise-020712/ "P-8A makes debut in 'Bold Alligator' exercise."] ''Navy Times,'' 7 February 2012. Retrieved: 10 April 2012.</ref> In April 2012, the aircraft took part in Exercise Joint Warrior, flying out of [[RAF Lossiemouth]].<ref>Crowther, Stuart. [http://local.stv.tv/forres/news/armed-forces/35815-senior-raf-officer-reveals-mod-may-be-considering-nimrod-replacement/ "Senior RAF officer reveals MoD may be considering Nimrod replacement."] ''STV Local,'' 18 April 2012.</ref> During [[RIMPAC]] 2012 in the Hawaiian area, two P-8As participated in 24 exercise scenarios as part of Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One ([[VX-1]]) forward deployed at [[Marine Corps Base Hawaii]] in [[Kaneohe Bay]].<ref>[http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=68678 "VX-1 flies P-8 Poseidon during RIMPAC 2012 (NNS120729-04)."] ''RIMPAC Public Affairs,'' 29 July 2012. Retrieved: 30 July 2012.</ref> Initial operating capability is expected in 2013.<ref name=P-8_Navy_fact_file/> |
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U.S. Navy P-8s may rotate through American allies such as "the Philippines or Thailand to help those nations with maritime domain awareness."<ref>Shalal-Esa, Andrea and Eveline Danubrata. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/16/us-usa-navy-asia-idUSTRE7BF04Y20111216 "U.S. Navy may station ships in Singapore, Philippines."] Reuters, 16 December 2011.</ref> |
U.S. Navy P-8s may rotate through American allies such as "the Philippines or Thailand to help those nations with maritime domain awareness."<ref>Shalal-Esa, Andrea and Eveline Danubrata. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/16/us-usa-navy-asia-idUSTRE7BF04Y20111216 "U.S. Navy may station ships in Singapore, Philippines."] ''Reuters'', 16 December 2011.</ref> |
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===Exports and foreign involvement=== |
===Exports and foreign involvement=== |
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The [[U.S. Department of Defense]] wants to follow a program template similar to that of the [[F-35 Lightning II]] [[Joint Strike Fighter Program|Joint Strike Fighter]] (JSF) program, with international cooperation from prospective MMA users.<ref>Baglole, Joel. [http://usmilitary.about.com/od/antisubmarine/a/poseidon.htm "P-8 Poseidon: Future aircraft of the U.S. Navy."] About.com, 7 June 2011.</ref> Boeing publicly identified New Zealand as a potential customer.<ref>[http://www.nosi.org/2008/07/19/us-navy-p-8-program-already-looking-into-crystal-ball/ "Farnborough News: P-8 Program already looking into crystal ball."] ''Defense News''. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> Italy indicated interest in purchasing MMA aircraft, with fleet support provided by [[Alitalia]] in 2004.<ref name="avweek_20040621">"U.S. MMA decision reverberates in Italy". ''[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]'', 21 June 2004.</ref> However, in December 2008, Italy announced the purchase of four [[ATR 72]] turboprop aircraft to replace its aging [[Breguet Atlantic|Atlantic]] Maritime Patrol Aircraft,<ref>"Eyes Forward: Italy choses ATR 72s for sea surveillance, but still awaits UAV type selection". ''Aviation Week and Space Technology'', 15 December 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> possibly as a temporary solution because Italy remained interested in the P-8.<ref>Cenciotti, David. [http://cencio4.wordpress.com/2008/12/22/four-atr72mp-to-replace-the-ageing-italian-fleet-of-br1150-atlantic/ "Four ATR72MP to replace the ageing Italian fleet of Br.1150 Atlantic."] ''The Aviationist'' |
The [[U.S. Department of Defense]] wants to follow a program template similar to that of the [[F-35 Lightning II]] [[Joint Strike Fighter Program|Joint Strike Fighter]] (JSF) program, with international cooperation from prospective MMA users.<ref>Baglole, Joel. [http://usmilitary.about.com/od/antisubmarine/a/poseidon.htm "P-8 Poseidon: Future aircraft of the U.S. Navy."] ''About.com,'' 7 June 2011.</ref> Boeing publicly identified New Zealand as a potential customer.<ref>[http://www.nosi.org/2008/07/19/us-navy-p-8-program-already-looking-into-crystal-ball/ "Farnborough News: P-8 Program already looking into crystal ball."] ''Defense News''. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> Italy indicated interest in purchasing MMA aircraft, with fleet support provided by [[Alitalia]] in 2004.<ref name="avweek_20040621">"U.S. MMA decision reverberates in Italy". ''[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]'', 21 June 2004.</ref> However, in December 2008, Italy announced the purchase of four [[ATR 72]] turboprop aircraft to replace its aging [[Breguet Atlantic|Atlantic]] Maritime Patrol Aircraft,<ref>"Eyes Forward: Italy choses ATR 72s for sea surveillance, but still awaits UAV type selection". ''Aviation Week and Space Technology'', 15 December 2008. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> possibly as a temporary solution because Italy remained interested in the P-8.<ref>Cenciotti, David. [http://cencio4.wordpress.com/2008/12/22/four-atr72mp-to-replace-the-ageing-italian-fleet-of-br1150-atlantic/ "Four ATR72MP to replace the ageing Italian fleet of Br.1150 Atlantic."] ''The Aviationist,'' 22 December 2008.</ref><ref>Alegi, G. [http://www.dedalonews.it/it/index.php/12/2008/quattro-atr-72-da-pattugliamento-marittimo-per-laeronautica-militare Dedalonews "Quattro ATR 72 da pattugliamento marittimo" (in Italian).] ''l’Aeronautica Militare, '' 12 December 2008. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> |
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[[File:P 8 and P 3 over Pax River.jpg|thumb|A P-8A Poseidon flying along side a [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]], close to Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, in 2010.]] |
[[File:P 8 and P 3 over Pax River.jpg|thumb|A P-8A Poseidon flying along side a [[Lockheed P-3 Orion]], close to Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, in 2010.]] |
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;Australia |
;Australia |
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The [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Australian Minister for Defence]] announced on 20 July 2007 that the P-8A MMA had been selected as the preferred aircraft to replace the [[Royal Australian Air Force]]'s fleet of [[AP-3C Orion]]s in conjunction with a yet-to-be-selected [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]. The last RAAF AP-3C is scheduled to be retired in 2018, after nearly 30 years of service.<ref>[http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/NelsonMintpl.cfm?CurrentId=6875 "First pass approval for Orion replacement."] ''The Hon. Dr Brendan Nelson, Minister for Defence,'' 20 July 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.</ref> A [[memorandum of understanding]] (MOU) will be signed that will help Australia to gain access to classified data and help to input specific requirements.<ref>[http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-2009/Avalon-2009-Australia-looks-set-to-join-P-8-programme.html "Asia Pacific: Avalon 2009: Australia looks set to join P-8 programme."] ''Jane's.'' Retrieved 29 August 2012.</ref> In March 2009, Australia's Chief of Air Force stated that subject to anticipated government approval, the RAAF would begin to add the P-8 to their fleet in 2016.<ref>[http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2012/05/10/minister-for-defence-address-to-the-air-power-conference-canberra/ "Address to the Air Power Conference."] ''Minister of Defence (Australia)'', 10 May 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.</ref> In October 2012, Australia formalized its participation in the program with a commitment of A$73.9m ($81.1m) in an agreement with the U.S. Navy.<ref> |
The [[Minister for Defence (Australia)|Australian Minister for Defence]] announced on 20 July 2007 that the P-8A MMA had been selected as the preferred aircraft to replace the [[Royal Australian Air Force]]'s fleet of [[AP-3C Orion]]s in conjunction with a yet-to-be-selected [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]. The last RAAF AP-3C is scheduled to be retired in 2018, after nearly 30 years of service.<ref>[http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/NelsonMintpl.cfm?CurrentId=6875 "First pass approval for Orion replacement."] ''The Hon. Dr Brendan Nelson, Minister for Defence,'' 20 July 2007. Retrieved: 16 September 2007.</ref> A [[memorandum of understanding]] (MOU) will be signed that will help Australia to gain access to classified data and help to input specific requirements.<ref>[http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-2009/Avalon-2009-Australia-looks-set-to-join-P-8-programme.html "Asia Pacific: Avalon 2009: Australia looks set to join P-8 programme."] ''Jane's.'' Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> In March 2009, Australia's Chief of Air Force stated that subject to anticipated government approval, the RAAF would begin to add the P-8 to their fleet in 2016.<ref>[http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/2012/05/10/minister-for-defence-address-to-the-air-power-conference-canberra/ "Address to the Air Power Conference."] ''Minister of Defence (Australia)'', 10 May 2012. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> In October 2012, Australia formalized its participation in the program with a commitment of A$73.9m ($81.1m) in an agreement with the U.S. Navy.<ref>Waldron, Greg. [http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/australia-signs-a739m-deal-to-participate-in-p-8a-development-377324/ "Australia signs A$73.9m deal to participate in P-8A development."] ''flightglobal.com (Flight International)'', 5 October 2012. Retrieved: 6 October 2012.</ref> Eight P-8 aircraft are planned to replace the RAAF's AP-3C aircraft by 2017-18, with Initial Operational Capability (IOC) scheduled for the period FY2017-18 through FY2019-20.<ref>[http://www.airforce.gov.au/Technology/Future_Acquisitions/P8-A_Poseidon/?RAAF-Z4PUOpGXH/eLtWmc6qxYl9xYycb+rKng "P8-A Poseidon."] ''Royal Australian Air Force.'' Retrieved: 9 January 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/asd/air7000/air7000.cfm] ''Defense Department (Australian Government)'', 2 October 2012. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.</ref> |
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;India |
;India |
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In January 2008, Boeing proposed the P-8I, a customized export variant of the P-8A, for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>Pandit, Rajat. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India_eyes_2b_defence_deal_with_US/articleshow/2738886.cms "India eyes $2b defence deal with US."] '' |
In January 2008, Boeing proposed the P-8I, a customized export variant of the P-8A, for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>Pandit, Rajat. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India_eyes_2b_defence_deal_with_US/articleshow/2738886.cms "India eyes $2b defence deal with US."] ''Times of India,'' 29 January 2008. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> On 4 January 2009, India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] signed an agreement with Boeing for the supply of eight P-8Is at a total cost of US$2.1 billion. These aircraft would replace Indian Navy's aging [[Tupolev Tu-142|Tupolev Tu-142M]] maritime surveillance turboprops.<ref name=TOI090105>Pandit, Rajat. [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_inks_largest-ever_defence_deal_with_US/articleshow/3934357.cms "India inks largest-ever defence deal with US."] ''Times of India,'' 5 January 2009. Retrieved: 5 January 2009.</ref><ref>Ramey, Chick. [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2346 "2nd Boeing P-8I aircraft for India completes 1st flight."] ''Boeing'', 17 July 2012.</ref><ref>[http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/mar/17/india-us-to-ink-arms-deal-worth-rs-10700-crore.htm "India, US to ink arms deal worth Rs 10,700 crore."] ''Rediff News,'' 17 March 2012. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> Each aircraft has an average cost of about US$220 million.<ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/articles/20081229.aspx "P-8 replacing Tu-142."] ''strategypage.com,'' 29 December 2008. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> The deal makes India the first international customer of the P-8, and also marks Boeing's first military sale to India.<ref name=Boeing_sell_8_P-8Is>Ratnam, Gopal and Edmond Lococo. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aSj3PxUZAebM&refer=us "Boeing to sell eight reconnaissance planes to India."] ''bloomberg,'' 6 January 2009.</ref> In October 2010, India's Defence Acquisition Council of the Ministry of Defence approved the purchase of four additional P-8Is.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rs-20000-cr-booster-for-Navys-sea-lift-snooping-capabilities/articleshow/6694931.cms "Rs 20,000-cr booster for Navy's sea lift, snooping capabilities."] ''Times of India,'' 6 October 2010. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref><ref name=pib-68744>Raman, P.K. [http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=68744 "Navy stamps blue Water presence across IOR, bolsters capacity with induction of MiG-29k, INS Shivalik."] ''India: Press Information Bureau English Releases,'' 2010. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> In March 2011, it was reported that India was to order four additional P-8s from Boeing later in the year.<ref name=wsj-20110331>Gulati, Nikhil. [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703712504576234453144383930.html "India orders more Boeing maritime planes."] ''The Wall Street Journal,'' 31 March 2011.</ref> India plans to order another 12 P-8Is at a later time.<ref name=India_induct_24>Luthra, Gulshan. [http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories1272_Navy_to_induct_P8I.htm "Indian Navy to induct 24 Boeing P8-I maritime reconnaissance aircraft."] ''India Strategic,'' December 2011.</ref><ref name=DID_P-8i/> |
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The Data Link II communications technology for the P-8I was received by Boeing from [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] in April 2010. The communications system will enable exchange of tactical data and messages between Indian Navy aircraft, ships and shore establishments. Boeing will install the system during P-8I final assembly.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/69045/boeing-gets-equipment-bel-indian.html "Boeing gets equipment from BEL for Indian Navy aircraft."] ''Deccan Herald'' |
The Data Link II communications technology for the P-8I was received by Boeing from [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] in April 2010. The communications system will enable exchange of tactical data and messages between Indian Navy aircraft, ships and shore establishments. Boeing will install the system during P-8I final assembly.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/69045/boeing-gets-equipment-bel-indian.html "Boeing gets equipment from BEL for Indian Navy aircraft."] ''Deccan Herald,'' 12 May 2012. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.siasat.com/english/news/boeing-use-bel-designed-datalink-ii "Boeing to use BEL designed Datalink-II."] ''The Siasat Diary,'' 12 May 2010. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> The [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]], system from BEL was also handed over to Boeing for integration with P-8I in December 2010.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article971992.ece "BEL supplies P-8I aircraft equipment to Boeing."] ''thehindu.com,'' 23 December 2010. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> |
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Flight testing of P-8Is began in July 2012,<ref>http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=117296</ref> with deliveries planned to start in 2013.<ref name=DID_P-8i>[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/indias-navy-holding-maritime-patrol-aircraft-competition-updated-01991/ "P-8i: India’s Navy picks its future high-end maritime patrol aircraft."] ''Defense Industry Daily'', 14 February 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.</ref><ref>Wallace, James. [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/Boeing-wins-first-military-contract-with-India-1296693.php "Boeing wins first military contract with India."] ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 6 January 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2011.</ref> The first P-8I was handed over to an Indian naval team at the Boeing facility at Seattle on 19 December 2012.<ref name=TOI-P8I>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-gets-first-long-range-maritime-reconnaissance-aircraft/articleshow/17685604.cms Navy gets first long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft]</ref><ref>http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/boeing-p-8i-indian-navy-navy-anti-submarine-warfare-aircraft/1/238628.html</ref> The Indian Navy is to fly it to India along with the second and third aircraft after they handed over in May and June of next year.<ref name=TOI-P8I/> |
Flight testing of P-8Is began in July 2012,<ref>[http://flotprom.ru/news/?ELEMENT_ID=117296 "Боинг" начал программу летных испытаний первого самолета БПА Р-8I "Нептун" ВМС Индии: Boeing launched the first aircraft flight test program BKA p-8I "Neptune" Indian Navy (in Russian)."] ''flotprom,'' 13 July 2012. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.</ref> with deliveries planned to start in 2013.<ref name=DID_P-8i>[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/indias-navy-holding-maritime-patrol-aircraft-competition-updated-01991/ "P-8i: India’s Navy picks its future high-end maritime patrol aircraft."] ''Defense Industry Daily'', 14 February 2012. Retrieved: 28 November 2012.</ref><ref>Wallace, James. [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/Boeing-wins-first-military-contract-with-India-1296693.php "Boeing wins first military contract with India."] ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 6 January 2009. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.</ref> The first P-8I was handed over to an Indian naval team at the Boeing facility at Seattle on 19 December 2012.<ref name=TOI-P8I>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-gets-first-long-range-maritime-reconnaissance-aircraft/articleshow/17685604.cms "Navy gets first long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft."] ''Times of India.'' Retrieved: 9 January 2013.</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/boeing-p-8i-indian-navy-navy-anti-submarine-warfare-aircraft/1/238628.html "Indian Navy Anti-submarine aircraft."] ''India Today.'' Retrieved: 9 January 2013.</ref> The Indian Navy is to fly it to India along with the second and third aircraft after they handed over in May and June of next year.<ref name=TOI-P8I/> |
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;Others |
;Others |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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*'''P-8A Poseidon''' – Production variant for the U.S. Navy. |
*'''P-8A Poseidon''' – Production variant for the U.S. Navy. |
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*'''P-8I Neptune''' – Export variant for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>Hoyle, Craig. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/09/21/362335/picture-indias-first-737-based-p-8i-nears-flight-debut.html "Picture: India's first 737-based P-8I nears flight debut."] ''Flight'' |
*'''P-8I Neptune''' – Export variant for the [[Indian Navy]].<ref>Hoyle, Craig. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/09/21/362335/picture-indias-first-737-based-p-8i-nears-flight-debut.html "Picture: India's first 737-based P-8I nears flight debut."] ''Flight,'' 21 September 2011. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> |
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*'''P-8 AGS''' – An Airborne Ground Surveillance variant proposed to the [[U.S. Air Force]] in 2010 as an alternate to upgrades to the [[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS]] fleet.<ref name="pitches"/> Its design adds a pod-mounted, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar on the bottom of the fuselage.<ref name="P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance"/> |
*'''P-8 AGS''' – An Airborne Ground Surveillance variant proposed to the [[U.S. Air Force]] in 2010 as an alternate to upgrades to the [[Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS]] fleet.<ref name="pitches"/> Its design adds a pod-mounted, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar on the bottom of the fuselage.<ref name="P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance"/> |
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==Operators== |
==Operators== |
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{{USA}} |
{{USA}} |
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* [[United States Navy]] plans to acquire 117 aircraft.<ref>Moran, Captain Michael T. [http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.display&key=CFD01141-CD4E-4DB8-A6B2-7E8FBFB31B86 "P-8A Poseidon."] ''NAVAIR – U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command – Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation.'' Retrieved 29 August 2012.</ref> |
* [[United States Navy]] plans to acquire 117 aircraft.<ref>Moran, Captain Michael T. [http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.display&key=CFD01141-CD4E-4DB8-A6B2-7E8FBFB31B86 "P-8A Poseidon."] ''NAVAIR – U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command – Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation.'' Retrieved: 29 August 2012.</ref> |
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{{IND}} |
{{IND}} |
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* [[Indian Navy]] has 8 P-8I aircraft on order;<ref name=Boeing_sell_8_P-8Is/> deliveries began in December 2012.<ref name=TOI-P8I/><ref>http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2542</ref> |
* [[Indian Navy]] has 8 P-8I aircraft on order;<ref name=Boeing_sell_8_P-8Is/> deliveries began in December 2012.<ref name=TOI-P8I/><ref>Ramey, Chick and Amrita Dhindsa. [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2542 "Boeing Delivers 1st P-8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft."] ''Boeing''. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.</ref> |
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Section is only for operators who have ordered (on contract) the P-8 per [[WP:Air/PC#Operators]]. --> |
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|plane or copter?=plane |
|plane or copter?=plane |
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|jet or prop?=jet |
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|ref=U.S. Navy P-8A Fact File,<ref name="USN_Fact_File_P8A">[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1300&ct=1 "P-8A Multi-mission maritime aircraft."] ''[[United States Navy]]'', 25 January 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</ref> and Boeing<ref name="Boeing_P-8A_Specs">"[http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/specs.html P-8A Poseidon]". [[Boeing]]. Retrieved 6 July 2007.</ref><ref>Ramey, Chick. [http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/docs/P-8A_overview.pdf "P-8A Poseidon: Backgrounder."] Boeing, May 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.</ref> |
|ref=U.S. Navy P-8A Fact File,<ref name="USN_Fact_File_P8A">[http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=1300&ct=1 "P-8A Multi-mission maritime aircraft."] ''[[United States Navy]]'', 25 January 2007. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.</ref> and Boeing<ref name="Boeing_P-8A_Specs">"[http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/specs.html P-8A Poseidon]". [[Boeing]]. Retrieved: 6 July 2007.</ref><ref>Ramey, Chick. [http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/p8a/docs/P-8A_overview.pdf "P-8A Poseidon: Backgrounder."] ''Boeing,'' May 2012. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref> |
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|crew=Flight: 2; Mission: 7 |
|crew=Flight: 2; Mission: 7 |
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|capacity= |
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|armament= *(5 internal and 6 external) [[Standoff Land Attack Missile|SLAM-ER missiles]], Mines and Torpedoes. |
|armament= *(5 internal and 6 external) [[Standoff Land Attack Missile|SLAM-ER missiles]], Mines and Torpedoes. |
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|avionics= *[[Raytheon]] [[List of radars#AN/APY Series|APY-10]] multi-mission surface search radar<ref name=Raytheon_APY-10/> |
|avionics= *[[Raytheon]] [[List of radars#AN/APY Series|APY-10]] multi-mission surface search radar<ref name=Raytheon_APY-10/> |
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*(Advanced Airborne Sensor surface search radar and [[Signal intelligence|SIGINT]] package to be follow on system<ref>Conway, Thais C. [http://raytheon.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1351 "Raytheon secures prime development contract for advanced airborne sensor."] ''Raytheon'' |
*(Advanced Airborne Sensor surface search radar and [[Signal intelligence|SIGINT]] package to be follow on system<ref>Conway, Thais C. [http://raytheon.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1351 "Raytheon secures prime development contract for advanced airborne sensor."] ''Raytheon,'' 31 July 2009. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.</ref>) |
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Revision as of 15:00, 9 January 2013
P-8 Poseidon | |
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A P-8A lands at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland | |
Role | Anti-submarine warfare and anti-surface warfare |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | Boeing Defense, Space & Security |
First flight | 25 April 2009[1] |
Introduction | Initial operating capability planned for 2013[2] |
Status | Flight testing, initial production |
Primary users | United States Navy Indian Navy |
Number built | 7 as of March 2012[3] |
Developed from | Boeing 737 Next Generation |
The Boeing P-8 Poseidon (formerly the Multimission Maritime Aircraft or MMA) is a military aircraft currently being developed for the United States Navy (USN). The aircraft is being developed by Boeing Defense, Space & Security, modified from the 737-800.
The P-8 is intended to conduct anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and shipping interdiction and to engage in an electronic intelligence (ELINT) role. This will involve carrying torpedoes, depth charges, SLAM-ER anti-ship missiles, and other weapons. It will also be able to drop and monitor sonobuoys. It is designed to operate in conjunction with the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle. The P-8 has also been ordered by the Indian Navy.
Development
Origins
The Lockheed P-3 Orion ASW aircraft has been in service with the U.S. Navy since 1962.[4] In the mid-1980s the Navy began studies for a replacement aircraft for the P-3, which had its range and time on station capabilities reduced because of increasing weight and was approaching the end of its airframe fatigue life. The Navy specification also required reduced operating and support costs. In 1989, the Navy awarded Lockheed a fixed-price contract to develop the P-7, but the project was canceled the following year.[5]
Boeing and Lockheed Martin were part of a new competition for a replacement aircraft begun in 2000. Lockheed submitted the Orion 21, an updated, new-build version of the P-3 turboprop.[6] Boeing submitted a proposal centered around its 737-800 airliner.[7] BAE Systems offered a new-build version of the Nimrod MRA4, the newest version of the UK's indigenous jet-powered maritime patrol aircraft. However, BAE withdrew from the competition in October 2002, recognizing the political reality that the failure to find a US-based production partner made the bid unrealistic.[8]
On 14 May 2004, Boeing was selected winner of the competition.[9] The following month the Navy awarded Boeing a development contract for MMA.[10] The project was planned to be for at least 108 airframes for the U.S. Navy.[11] More orders are possible from the other nations operating over 200 P-3s. Project value is expected to be worth at least $15 billion. Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, Spirit AeroSystems, GE Aviation Systems, Marshall Aerospace, CFMI, BAE Systems, and Marotta are major subcontractors.[12]
In July 2004, the U.S. Navy placed an order for five MMA aircraft. The first flight-test aircraft was to be completed in 2009 before beginning testing.[11] The first aircraft, a test aircraft, is to be converted to production standards at a later date. Boeing's MMA aircraft received the P-8A designation on 30 March 2005.[13] The Navy later ordered another five aircraft.
Design phase and testing
The P-8 is based on a proven airframe design and will at first be equipped with legacy P-3 systems with later upgrades to more advanced technology. The Government Accountability Office has credited this incremental approach with keeping the project on schedule and on budget. Timely replacement of the P-3s is vital because their airframes are breaking down from age and use.[14]
In mid-2008, the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) deleted the requirement for the P-8A to be equipped with magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment. This was part of a NAVAIR-directed effort to reduce P-8A aircraft weight by 3,500 lb (1,600 kg) to improve aircraft range and endurance. P-8Is destined for the Indian Navy will continue to retain MAD. The P-8A will use a new hydrocarbon sensor to detect fuel vapors from diesel submarines and other conventionally powered ships.[15]
The P-8's first flight occurred on 25 April 2009.[1] The second and third P-8s have flown and begun flight testing by early August 2010.[16] On 11 August 2010, the U.S. DoD approved the P-8 for low-rate production.[17][18] A P-8 deployed sonobuoys for the first time on 15 October 2010, dropping six sonobuoys in three separate low altitude passes.[19]
In 2011, it was found that the ice detection system on the P-8 was defective due to the use of several counterfeit components. It is alleged that these substandard parts had been poorly refurbished and sold to P-8 subcontractor BAE Systems as new by a supplier in China.[20]
The first production P-8A was handed over to the Navy on 4 March 2012. It flew to Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, where it will be used for aircrew training with the Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS), Patrol Squadron 30 (VP-30).[2] On 24 September 2012, Boeing announced it had received a $1.9 billion order for another 11 aircraft. It has delivered the first three P-8As.[21]
Derivatives
Boeing approached the U.S. Air Force in 2010 about replacing the E-8C Joint STARS fleet with a modified version of the P-8 at the same cost Northrop Grumman proposed for re-engining and upgrading the E-8s.[22][23] The proposed version is named P-8 Airborne Ground Surveillance (AGS) and would integrate an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, and have ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) capabilities.[24]
The main distinguishing feature of the P-8 AGS is pod-mounted radar, fixed to the lower centerline of the fuselage; the pod is lowered so the engine nacelles do not interrupt the radar's line of sight. Two aft ventral fins on lower aft provide stability for the aircraft. The P-8 AGS also uses the P-8A's Raytheon AN/APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar.[24] Boeing has campaigned for a fleet of P-8 AGS aircraft instead of re-engining the E-8s.[25] The Air Force’s Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) of the JSTARS platform began in March 2010 to review options for performing the JSTARS mission. An initial decision on the AOA was expected in September 2011.[26]
Design
External image | |
---|---|
P-8 Poseidon cutway showing weapons bay | |
Cutaway of P-8 from Flightglobal.com |
The P-8 is a militarized version of the 737-800 with 737-900-based wings.[27] The airframe uses a 737-800-based fuselage that is similar to but longer than the 737-700-based C-40 Clipper. The P-8 has a strengthened fuselage and 767-400ER-style raked wingtips, instead of the blended winglets available on 737NG variants.[28] The five operator stations (two Naval Flight Officers plus three enlisted Aviation Warfare Operators/Naval Aircrewman) are mounted in a sideways row, along the port side of the cabin. None of these crew stations have windows. One observer window is located on each side of the forward cabin.
The P-8 features the Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar.[29] The P-8I will feature an international version of the APY-10.[30] A short bomb bay for torpedoes and other stores opens behind the wing. The aircraft also includes six additional body fuel tanks for extended range from Marshall Aerospace; three of the tanks are located in the forward cargo compartment and three in the rear. In-flight refueling is via a receptacle on top of the forward fuselage, just aft of the cockpit.
In U.S. service, the Poseidon will be complemented by the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance UAV system, which will provide continuous surveillance. The system is expected to enter service around 2010. Around 40 UAVs based on the RQ-4 Global Hawk will be used in the program. Because of the cancellation of Lockheed Martin's Aerial Common Sensor project, Boeing will propose a signals intelligence variant of the P-8 to service the requirement for the U.S. Navy.[31]
Operational history
In February 2012, the P-8 made its mission debut during "Bold Alligator" 2012, an annual littoral warfare exercise.[32] In April 2012, the aircraft took part in Exercise Joint Warrior, flying out of RAF Lossiemouth.[33] During RIMPAC 2012 in the Hawaiian area, two P-8As participated in 24 exercise scenarios as part of Air Test and Evaluation Squadron One (VX-1) forward deployed at Marine Corps Base Hawaii in Kaneohe Bay.[34] Initial operating capability is expected in 2013.[11]
U.S. Navy P-8s may rotate through American allies such as "the Philippines or Thailand to help those nations with maritime domain awareness."[35]
Exports and foreign involvement
The U.S. Department of Defense wants to follow a program template similar to that of the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program, with international cooperation from prospective MMA users.[36] Boeing publicly identified New Zealand as a potential customer.[37] Italy indicated interest in purchasing MMA aircraft, with fleet support provided by Alitalia in 2004.[38] However, in December 2008, Italy announced the purchase of four ATR 72 turboprop aircraft to replace its aging Atlantic Maritime Patrol Aircraft,[39] possibly as a temporary solution because Italy remained interested in the P-8.[40][41]
- Australia
The Australian Minister for Defence announced on 20 July 2007 that the P-8A MMA had been selected as the preferred aircraft to replace the Royal Australian Air Force's fleet of AP-3C Orions in conjunction with a yet-to-be-selected unmanned aerial vehicle. The last RAAF AP-3C is scheduled to be retired in 2018, after nearly 30 years of service.[42] A memorandum of understanding (MOU) will be signed that will help Australia to gain access to classified data and help to input specific requirements.[43] In March 2009, Australia's Chief of Air Force stated that subject to anticipated government approval, the RAAF would begin to add the P-8 to their fleet in 2016.[44] In October 2012, Australia formalized its participation in the program with a commitment of A$73.9m ($81.1m) in an agreement with the U.S. Navy.[45] Eight P-8 aircraft are planned to replace the RAAF's AP-3C aircraft by 2017-18, with Initial Operational Capability (IOC) scheduled for the period FY2017-18 through FY2019-20.[46][47]
- India
In January 2008, Boeing proposed the P-8I, a customized export variant of the P-8A, for the Indian Navy.[48] On 4 January 2009, India's Ministry of Defence signed an agreement with Boeing for the supply of eight P-8Is at a total cost of US$2.1 billion. These aircraft would replace Indian Navy's aging Tupolev Tu-142M maritime surveillance turboprops.[49][50][51] Each aircraft has an average cost of about US$220 million.[52] The deal makes India the first international customer of the P-8, and also marks Boeing's first military sale to India.[53] In October 2010, India's Defence Acquisition Council of the Ministry of Defence approved the purchase of four additional P-8Is.[54][55] In March 2011, it was reported that India was to order four additional P-8s from Boeing later in the year.[56] India plans to order another 12 P-8Is at a later time.[57][58]
The Data Link II communications technology for the P-8I was received by Boeing from Bharat Electronics Limited in April 2010. The communications system will enable exchange of tactical data and messages between Indian Navy aircraft, ships and shore establishments. Boeing will install the system during P-8I final assembly.[59][60] The IFF, system from BEL was also handed over to Boeing for integration with P-8I in December 2010.[61]
Flight testing of P-8Is began in July 2012,[62] with deliveries planned to start in 2013.[58][63] The first P-8I was handed over to an Indian naval team at the Boeing facility at Seattle on 19 December 2012.[64][65] The Indian Navy is to fly it to India along with the second and third aircraft after they handed over in May and June of next year.[64]
- Others
In August 2012, AirForces Monthly reported that in the long term, "Boeing sees the UK as a prime market for its P-8A Poseidon.[66]
Variants
- P-8A Poseidon – Production variant for the U.S. Navy.
- P-8I Neptune – Export variant for the Indian Navy.[67]
- P-8 AGS – An Airborne Ground Surveillance variant proposed to the U.S. Air Force in 2010 as an alternate to upgrades to the Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS fleet.[23] Its design adds a pod-mounted, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar on the bottom of the fuselage.[24]
Operators
- United States Navy plans to acquire 117 aircraft.[68]
- Indian Navy has 8 P-8I aircraft on order;[53] deliveries began in December 2012.[64][69]
Specifications (P-8A)
Data from U.S. Navy P-8A Fact File,[70] and Boeing[71][72]
General characteristics
- Crew: Flight: 2; Mission: 7
Performance
Armament
- (5 internal and 6 external) SLAM-ER missiles, Mines and Torpedoes.
Avionics
- Raytheon APY-10 multi-mission surface search radar[29]
- (Advanced Airborne Sensor surface search radar and SIGINT package to be follow on system[73])
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
Notes
- ^ a b "Boeing P-8A Poseidon successfully completes 1st flight." Boeing, 27 April 2009.
- ^ a b Majumdar, Dave. "Picture: Boeing delivers first production P-8A." Flight International, 8 March 2012.
- ^ Ramey, Chick and LaToya Graddy. "Boeing delivers 1st P-8A Poseidon production aircraft to US Navy." Boeing, 6 March 2012.
- ^ Bailey, John. "Lockheed loses to Survive." Flight International, 1–7 August 1990.
- ^ "Boeing 737 MMA." Flug Revue, 17 June 2004.
- ^ Cortes, Lorenzo and Amy Butler. "Boeing wins navy's $3.88 Billion MMA bid over Lockheed Martin." Defense Daily, 15 June 2004.
- ^ Lewis, Paul. "BAE pulls out of MMA competition; Lack of US partner prompts Nimrod MRA4 withdrawal." Flight International, 8 October 2002, p. 5. Retrieved: 6 December 2006.
- ^ LeMond-Holman, Ellen et al. "Boeing team wins $3.89 Billion multi-mission Maritime Aircraft Program." Boeing, 14 May 2004. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ "Boeing to develop navy's multi-mission maritime aircraft." U.S. Navy, 15 June 2004. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.
- ^ Lemond, Ellen, Chick Ramey and Debiie Gann. "Boeing-led Poseidon team begins production of first P-8A fuselage." Boeing, 12 December 2007. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ Hatcher, Renee. "MMA is designated P-8A." U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), 1 April 2005. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.
- ^ Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. "Navy's P-8 Sub Hunter Bets On High Altitude, High Tech; Barf Bags Optional." AOL Defense, 2 October 2012.
- ^ GAO-09-326SP "Assessments of major weapon programs." GAO. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ Ramey, Chick and Doug Abbotts. "Boeing P-8A Poseidon aircraft T3 enters flight test." Boeing, 2 August 2010.
- ^ Trimble, Stephen. "Boeing P-8A approved to launch production." Flight International, 13 August 2010. Retrieved: 28 September 2011.
- ^ "P-8A Poseidon milestone reached." AirForces Monthly, 13 August 2010.
- ^ Goettee, Liz. "U.S. Navy Boeing P-8A Poseidon launches first sonobuoys." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 22 October 2010. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.
- ^ Reed, John. "Counterfeit Parts found on the P-8." defensetech.org, 8 November 2011. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ "Boeing Press Release." Boeing, 24 September 2012.
- ^ Rector, Gene. "Uncertainty, perseverance characterized local joint STARS mission." The Warner Robins Patriot, 4 March 2011.
- ^ a b Trimble, Stephen. "Boeing pitches P-8 variant to replace JSTARS." Flight International, 18 February 2010.
- ^ a b c "Overview: P-8 airborne ground surveillance." Boeing. Retrieved: 3 February 2012.
- ^ Cohen, Aubrey. "Boeing looks to sell more 737-based military jets." Seattle PI, 9 June 2011.
- ^ "Joint STARS mission area analysis of alternatives (AoA) RFI." hanscom.af.mil. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ "B-8A Poseidon: Overview." Boeing. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ Warwick, Graham. "New MMA wingtips combat icing." Flight International, 7 June 2005. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ a b "AN/APY-10 maritime, littoral and overland surveillance radar." Raytheon, 2011.
- ^ "Raytheon to develop international version of APY-10 radar for P-8I." Theasiandefence.blogspot.com, 18 July 2010. Retrieved: 13 March 2011.
- ^ Wastnage, Justin. "Boeing unveils new 737 signals intelligence concept." Flight International, 26 January 2006. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Cavas, Christopher P. "P-8A makes debut in 'Bold Alligator' exercise." Navy Times, 7 February 2012. Retrieved: 10 April 2012.
- ^ Crowther, Stuart. "Senior RAF officer reveals MoD may be considering Nimrod replacement." STV Local, 18 April 2012.
- ^ "VX-1 flies P-8 Poseidon during RIMPAC 2012 (NNS120729-04)." RIMPAC Public Affairs, 29 July 2012. Retrieved: 30 July 2012.
- ^ Shalal-Esa, Andrea and Eveline Danubrata. "U.S. Navy may station ships in Singapore, Philippines." Reuters, 16 December 2011.
- ^ Baglole, Joel. "P-8 Poseidon: Future aircraft of the U.S. Navy." About.com, 7 June 2011.
- ^ "Farnborough News: P-8 Program already looking into crystal ball." Defense News. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ "U.S. MMA decision reverberates in Italy". Aviation Week & Space Technology, 21 June 2004.
- ^ "Eyes Forward: Italy choses ATR 72s for sea surveillance, but still awaits UAV type selection". Aviation Week and Space Technology, 15 December 2008. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ Cenciotti, David. "Four ATR72MP to replace the ageing Italian fleet of Br.1150 Atlantic." The Aviationist, 22 December 2008.
- ^ Alegi, G. Dedalonews "Quattro ATR 72 da pattugliamento marittimo" (in Italian). l’Aeronautica Militare, 12 December 2008. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ "First pass approval for Orion replacement." The Hon. Dr Brendan Nelson, Minister for Defence, 20 July 2007. Retrieved: 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Asia Pacific: Avalon 2009: Australia looks set to join P-8 programme." Jane's. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ "Address to the Air Power Conference." Minister of Defence (Australia), 10 May 2012. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Waldron, Greg. "Australia signs A$73.9m deal to participate in P-8A development." flightglobal.com (Flight International), 5 October 2012. Retrieved: 6 October 2012.
- ^ "P8-A Poseidon." Royal Australian Air Force. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ [1] Defense Department (Australian Government), 2 October 2012. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ Pandit, Rajat. "India eyes $2b defence deal with US." Times of India, 29 January 2008. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ Pandit, Rajat. "India inks largest-ever defence deal with US." Times of India, 5 January 2009. Retrieved: 5 January 2009.
- ^ Ramey, Chick. "2nd Boeing P-8I aircraft for India completes 1st flight." Boeing, 17 July 2012.
- ^ "India, US to ink arms deal worth Rs 10,700 crore." Rediff News, 17 March 2012. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ "P-8 replacing Tu-142." strategypage.com, 29 December 2008. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ a b Ratnam, Gopal and Edmond Lococo. "Boeing to sell eight reconnaissance planes to India." bloomberg, 6 January 2009.
- ^ "Rs 20,000-cr booster for Navy's sea lift, snooping capabilities." Times of India, 6 October 2010. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ Raman, P.K. "Navy stamps blue Water presence across IOR, bolsters capacity with induction of MiG-29k, INS Shivalik." India: Press Information Bureau English Releases, 2010. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Gulati, Nikhil. "India orders more Boeing maritime planes." The Wall Street Journal, 31 March 2011.
- ^ Luthra, Gulshan. "Indian Navy to induct 24 Boeing P8-I maritime reconnaissance aircraft." India Strategic, December 2011.
- ^ a b "P-8i: India’s Navy picks its future high-end maritime patrol aircraft." Defense Industry Daily, 14 February 2012. Retrieved: 28 November 2012.
- ^ "Boeing gets equipment from BEL for Indian Navy aircraft." Deccan Herald, 12 May 2012. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ "Boeing to use BEL designed Datalink-II." The Siasat Diary, 12 May 2010. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ "BEL supplies P-8I aircraft equipment to Boeing." thehindu.com, 23 December 2010. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ "Боинг" начал программу летных испытаний первого самолета БПА Р-8I "Нептун" ВМС Индии: Boeing launched the first aircraft flight test program BKA p-8I "Neptune" Indian Navy (in Russian)." flotprom, 13 July 2012. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ Wallace, James. "Boeing wins first military contract with India." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 6 January 2009. Retrieved: 7 June 2011.
- ^ a b c "Navy gets first long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft." Times of India. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ "Indian Navy Anti-submarine aircraft." India Today. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ "UK eyes maritime surveillance aircraft." AirForces Monthly, August 2012, p. 5.
- ^ Hoyle, Craig. "Picture: India's first 737-based P-8I nears flight debut." Flight, 21 September 2011. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Moran, Captain Michael T. "P-8A Poseidon." NAVAIR – U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command – Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation. Retrieved: 29 August 2012.
- ^ Ramey, Chick and Amrita Dhindsa. "Boeing Delivers 1st P-8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft." Boeing. Retrieved: 9 January 2013.
- ^ "P-8A Multi-mission maritime aircraft." United States Navy, 25 January 2007. Retrieved: 15 March 2011.
- ^ "P-8A Poseidon". Boeing. Retrieved: 6 July 2007.
- ^ Ramey, Chick. "P-8A Poseidon: Backgrounder." Boeing, May 2012. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
- ^ Conway, Thais C. "Raytheon secures prime development contract for advanced airborne sensor." Raytheon, 31 July 2009. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
Bibliography
- Endres, Günter. The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1125-0.
- Norris, Guy and Mark Wagner. Modern Boeing Jetliners. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0717-2.
- Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 737-300 to 800. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0699-0.
External links
- P-8 NAVAIR page and P-8 fact file on Navy.mil
- P-8A Poseidon – Australian International Airshow 2009
- MMA Page on Globalsecurity.org
- Boeing P-8A on Defense-Update.com
- P-8 Poseidon God of the Sea site
- "Navy Selects Three Teams To Develop Concepts For Follow-On To EP-3". Defense Daily, 8 February 2008.
- "U.S. OKs record $2.1 billion arms sale to India". Reuters, 16 March 2009
- "EP-X Program Starts To Take Shape". Aviation Week, 12 April 2009.