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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|name=Beit 'Anan |
| name = Beit 'Anan |
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| translit_lang1 = Arabic |
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|image=Beit 'Anan.jpg |
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| translit_lang1_type = [[Arabic script|Arabic]] |
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|caption=Beit 'Anan in the past |
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| translit_lang1_info = بيت عنان |
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| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Latin script|Latin]] |
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| translit_lang1_info1 = Bayt I'nan (official) |
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| type = [[Municipality (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type C]] |
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|palgrid=160/140 |
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| image_skyline = File:DuquAnan7549.jpg |
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|founded= |
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| image_caption = |
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|type=munc |
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| pushpin_map = Palestine |
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|typefrom= |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Beit 'Anan within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] |
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|altOffSp=Bayt I'nan |
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| image_map = |
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|altUnoSp= |
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| map_caption = |
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|population=3,941 |
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| grid_name = [[Palestine grid|Palestine grid]] |
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|popyear=2007 |
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| grid_position = 160/140 |
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|area= |
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| subdivision_type = State |
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|areakm= |
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| subdivision_name = [[State of Palestine]] |
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|mayor= |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]] |
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| established_title = Founded |
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| established_date = |
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| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| government_type = [[Municipality (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality]] |
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| leader_title = |
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| leader_name = |
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| unit_pref = dunam |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = |
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| area_total_dunam = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = |
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| elevation_min_m = |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref> |
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| population_total = 4210 |
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| population_as_of = 2017 |
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| population_note = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning |
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| website = |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Beit 'Anan''' ({{lang-ar| |
'''Beit 'Anan''' ({{lang-ar|بيت عنان}}) is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] village in the [[Quds Governorate]], located northwest of [[Jerusalem]]. In 2017, it had a population of 4,210.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /> Some residents of Beit 'Anan hold [[Israeli identity card]]s, while others hold [[Palestinian identity card]]s. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 1159, |
In 1159, ''Bethanam'' is mentioned in [[Crusader states|Crusader]] sources in connection with defining the borders between it and [[Parva Mahomeria]].<ref>Pringle, 1998, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA167 167]- [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA168 168]</ref><ref>Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n94/mode/1up 88], no 338</ref> |
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In 1883, ''Survey of Western Palestine'' suggested that Beit 'Anan was identical with the Crusader village of ''Beithumen'', a [[fief]] of the [[Holy Sepulchre]] in the twelfth century.<ref name=SWP11>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref> |
In 1883, ''Survey of Western Palestine'' suggested that Beit 'Anan was identical with the Crusader village of ''Beithumen'', a [[fief]] of the [[Holy Sepulchre]] in the twelfth century.<ref name=SWP11>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/11/mode/1up 11]</ref> However, in 1887 [[Reinhold Röhricht|Röhricht]] thought it was a more likely that [[Beitunia]] was ''Beithumen'',<ref>Röhricht, 1887, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/205/mode/1up 205]</ref> and in 1890 [[Claude Reignier Conder|Conder]] agreed fully with Röhricht.<ref>Conder, 1890, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme21pale#page/30/mode/1up 30]</ref> |
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===Ottoman era=== |
===Ottoman era=== |
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Beit 'Anan |
Beit 'Anan was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the [[Defter|tax registers]] as being in the ''[[Nahiya]]'' of Quds of the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|Liwa]]'' of [[Al-Quds|Quds]]. It had a population of 28 households, all [[Muslim]], who paid a fixed tax sum of 3,400 [[akçe]].<ref name=Hutteroth132>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 121</ref> |
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Around 1740 [[Richard Pococke]] noted Beit 'Anan after travelling from [[Nabi Samwil]].<ref>Pococke, 1743, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n80/mode/1up 49]-50; identified in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n82/mode/1up 65]</ref> |
Around 1740 [[Richard Pococke]] noted Beit 'Anan after travelling from [[Nabi Samwil]].<ref>Pococke, 1743, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n80/mode/1up 49]-50; identified in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n82/mode/1up 65]</ref> |
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In 1838 it was noted as a |
In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village, located in the ''Beni Malik'' area, west of Jerusalem.<ref name=Robinson124>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/124/mode/1up 124]</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n82/mode/1up 65]</ref> |
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In |
In 1863 [[Victor Guérin]] visited the village, and estimated that it had 600 inhabitants,<ref>Guérin, 1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/348/mode/1up 348]</ref> while an official Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that "Bet 'Anan" had 59 houses and a population of 220, though the population count included only men.<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/145/mode/1up 145]</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n926/mode/1up 118]</ref> In 1883, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' (SWP) described the village as "a small village on top of a flat ridge; near a main road to the west are remains of a [[Caravanserai|Khan]] with water, and about a mile to the east is a spring."<ref name=SWP16>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/16/mode/1up 16]</ref> |
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===British Mandate era=== |
===British Mandate era=== |
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Beit 'Anan was captured by British forces in the [[Battle of Jerusalem (1917)|1917 Battle for Jerusalem]] during their campaign in Palestine against the Ottomans.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3SVvryoR2A0C&pg=PA188 The battle for Palestine 1917, John D. Grainger]</ref> It was described as a village situated on the hill commanding [[Beit Duqqu|Dukka]] from the south, on the road to [[Kubeibeh]], identified as ancient [[Emmaus]].<ref>[http://www.bigenealogy.com/5thbattalion/cavalry_entered_jaffa.htm Cavalry entered Jaffa]</ref> |
Beit 'Anan was captured by British forces in the [[Battle of Jerusalem (1917)|1917 Battle for Jerusalem]] during their campaign in Palestine against the Ottomans.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3SVvryoR2A0C&pg=PA188 The battle for Palestine 1917, John D. Grainger]</ref> It was described as a village situated on the hill commanding [[Beit Duqqu|Dukka]] from the south, on the road to [[Kubeibeh]], identified as ancient [[Emmaus]].<ref>[http://www.bigenealogy.com/5thbattalion/cavalry_entered_jaffa.htm Cavalry entered Jaffa]</ref> |
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In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted |
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], "Bait 'Inan" had a population of 509 [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n17/mode/1up 15]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to a population of 654 Muslims, in 162 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 38]</ref> |
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In the |
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] Beit I'nan had a population of 820, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p24>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p24.jpg 24]</ref> with 10,105 [[dunam]]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jerusalem/Page-056.jpg 56]</ref> Of this, 2,015 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,471 used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jerusalem/Page-101.jpg 101]</ref> while 63 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jerusalem/Page-151.jpg 151]</ref> |
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===Jordanian era=== |
===Jordanian era=== |
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[[Image:Beit 'Anan.jpg|thumb|Old Beit 'Anan]] |
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In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Beit 'Anan came under [[Jordan]]ian rule. |
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Beit 'Anan came under [[Jordan]]ian rule. It was [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexed by Jordan]] in 1950. |
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In 1961, the population of ''Beit I'nan'' was 1,255.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p23.pdf 23]</ref> |
In 1961, the population of ''Beit I'nan'' was 1,255.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p23.pdf 23]</ref> |
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===Post-1967=== |
===Post-1967=== |
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Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Beit 'Anan has been under [[Israel]]i occupation. The population of ''Beit Inan'' in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 1,261, of whom 212 originated from the Israeli territory.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |access-date=24 January 2018 }}</ref> |
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After the |
After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], about 12.9% of the land (or 1,309 dunams) was classified as [[Palestinian enclaves|Area B]], and the remaining 87.1% (or 8,797 dunams) as [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]].<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Beit'Anan_EN.pdf Beit 'Anan Town Profile], ARIJ, 2012, p. 16</ref> |
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The Israeli plans for the [[Segregation Wall]] will isolate a total of 1,009 |
The Israeli plans for the [[Segregation Wall|Separation Wall]] will isolate a total of 1,009 dunams of village land on, or behind the wall, out of reach for its Palestinian owners.<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Beit'Anan_EN.pdf Beit 'Anan Town Profile], ARIJ, 2012, p. 17</ref> |
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In 2012 |
In 2012 the Beit Anan population was near five thousand with four thousand more migrants and their descendants. There are nearly 2,000 living in Jordan, most in Zarqa. More than 2,000 live in the United States, most of whom live in the Paterson, New Jersey area. Others live in Louisiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Florida, with a few living in Michigan. Some of their descendants live in Brazil. Migration from Beit Anan began in the early fifties. Then, nearly all headed to Brazil via the sea. Since the late sixties and until today migration from Beit Anan has been nearly entirely to the United States.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}} |
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⚫ | Beit 'Anan has an [[UNRWA]] school for girls with 560 students, two elementary schools for boys and three kindergartens. The Abu Ayob al-Ansary mosque is located in Beit 'Anan. The village has two health clinics and several sports clubs. |
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====Biddu enclave==== |
====Biddu enclave==== |
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Beit 'Anan along with [[Biddu, Jerusalem|Biddu]], [[Beit Duqqu]], [[Beit Sirik|Beit Surik]], [[Qatanna]], [[al Qubeida]], [[Beit Ijza]], Kharayib Umm al Lahim and [[At-Tira (Ramallah)|at Tira]] form the "Biddu enclave." |
Beit 'Anan along with [[Biddu, Jerusalem|Biddu]], [[Beit Duqqu]], [[Beit Sirik|Beit Surik]], [[Qatanna]], [[al Qubeida]], [[Beit Ijza]], Kharayib Umm al Lahim and [[At-Tira (Ramallah)|at Tira]] form the "Biddu enclave." The enclave will be linked to [[Ramallah]]{{when|date=May 2018}} by underpasses and a fenced road.<ref>[http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/ochaHU0605_En.pdf OCHA] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051112041506/http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/ochaHU0605_En.pdf |date=November 12, 2005 }}</ref> |
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====West Bank barrier==== |
====West Bank barrier==== |
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In July 2004, the [[Israeli High Court of Justice]] cancelled military orders for the confiscation of hundreds of dunams of village land to build the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|separation barrier]].<ref name=Barzilai>{{cite news| author = Amnon Barzilai | title = New separation fence route to annex less West Bank land | newspaper = Haaretz | date = November 29, 2004 | url = http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/new-separation-fence-route-to-annex-less-west-bank-land-1.141639}}</ref><ref name=HCJ>High Court of Justice, Beit Sourik Village Council versus the Government of Israel and the Commander of the IDF Forces in the West Bank, [http://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files/hc2056_04_beit_surik_barrier_ruling.doc HCJ 2056/04], June 30, 2004.</ref> The barrier would have passed close to Beit 'Anan and cut off the village from a lot of its land.<ref name=HCJ/> Following the ruling, the barrier was rerouted at a greater distance from the village.<ref name=Barzilai/> |
In July 2004, the [[Israeli High Court of Justice]] cancelled military orders for the confiscation of hundreds of dunams of village land to build the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|separation barrier]].<ref name=Barzilai>{{cite news| author = Amnon Barzilai | title = New separation fence route to annex less West Bank land | newspaper = Haaretz | date = November 29, 2004 | url = http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/new-separation-fence-route-to-annex-less-west-bank-land-1.141639}}</ref><ref name=HCJ>High Court of Justice, Beit Sourik Village Council versus the Government of Israel and the Commander of the IDF Forces in the West Bank, [http://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files/hc2056_04_beit_surik_barrier_ruling.doc HCJ 2056/04] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805094935/http://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files/hc2056_04_beit_surik_barrier_ruling.doc |date=2012-08-05 }}, June 30, 2004.</ref> The barrier would have passed close to Beit 'Anan and cut off the village from a lot of its land.<ref name=HCJ/> Following the ruling, the barrier was rerouted at a greater distance from the village.<ref name=Barzilai/> |
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== |
==Demography== |
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Residents of Beit 'Anan, along with residents in nearby villages in the [[Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate|Ramallah Governorate]] such as [[At-Tira (Ramallah)|At-Tira]], [[Beit Ur al-Fauqa]], and [[Dura al-Qar']], trace back their ancestry to the town of [[Dura, Hebron|Dura]], southwest of [[Hebron]].<ref>Grossman, D. "The expansion of the settlement frontier of Hebron's western and southern fringes". ''[[Geography Research Forum]]'', 5, 1982, p. 64.</ref> |
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Families in the village include the Jumhoor, Rabee' and Hmeid families.<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Beit'Anan_EN.pdf Beit 'Anan Town Profile], ARIJ, p. 7</ref> [[Tsvi Misinai]] reports that within the Rabee' clan, there is a tradition of lighting [[Shabbat candles|Shabbat lamps]] on Friday evening using olive oil and wicks, a practice inherited, uncommonly, through paternal lineage. Additionally, the clan uses the first name [[Zadoc (given name)|Zadoc]] and observes the custom of reciting [[Tefilat HaDerech]], a Jewish prayer for safe travel, before going on a journey.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Misinai |first=Tsvi |title=The New Clothes of the People |publisher=Liad |year=2023 |edition=6th |pages=196 |language=he}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Beit 'Anan has an [[UNRWA]] school for girls with 560 students, two elementary schools for boys and three kindergartens. The Abu Ayob al-Ansary mosque is located in Beit 'Anan. The village has two health clinics and several sports clubs. In 2009, a four-day culture festival was held in Beit Anan and was attended by more than 15,000 people.<ref name="Alquds2009.org">{{Cite web |title=Promoting Palestinian culture presents challenge to occupation and celebrates heritage |url=http://alquds2009.org/etemplate.php?id=273 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180701/https://alquds2009.org/etemplate.php?id=273 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |access-date=2010-09-11 |publisher=Alquds2009.org}}</ref> |
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== Shrine of Abu Yamin == |
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''Abu Yamin'' ({{lang-ar|أبو يمين|links=no}}), or ''a-Naby Yamin'', is a shrine located in Beit 'Anan. It is situated inside a cemetery dedicated to a saint of the same name and houses the tombs of this saint, his son, and his grandson, who according to local legend was gifted with foresight. More of his descendants' tombs surround the location. Tradition holds that ''Abu Yamin'' had [[Egypt|Egyptian]] origins and it is said he appeared wearing a green crown. The residents of the village consider him to be the village's founding father. He was allegedly seen floating above the village to the sound of a band of musicians. According to local tradition, ''Abu Yamin''<nowiki/>'s descendants were a [[Chosen people|people chosen]] by [[God in Islam|Allah]].<ref name="Tal2023">{{Cite book |last=Tal |first=Uri |title=Muslim Shrines in Eretz Israel: History, Religion, Traditions, Folklore |publisher=[[Yad Ben Zvi|Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi]] |year=2023 |isbn=978-965-217-452-9 |location=Jerusalem |pages=213 |language=he}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist|25em}} |
{{reflist|25em}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book | editor =Barron, |
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.| |
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H. H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}} |
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*{{cite journal | author = Conder, C. R.| |
*{{cite journal | author = Conder, C. R.| author-link=Claude Reignier Conder| title = Norman Palestine | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 22 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme21pale/page/29 29]–37 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme21pale| year = 1890}} |
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*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}} |
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945 |
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.| |
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01gu|volume=1: Judee, pt. 1|year=1868|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi| |
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre}} |
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*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| |
*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ/page/n131 102]–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}} |
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*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal | last2=Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}} |
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal | last2=Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}} |
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*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}} |
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.| |
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} |
||
*{{cite book|last=Pococke|first=R.| |
*{{cite book|last=Pococke|first=R.|author-link=Richard Pococke|year=1745|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009339611 |title=A description of the East, and some other countries|volume=2|location=London |publisher=Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer}} |
||
*{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC| |
*{{cite book|title= The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC| last= Pringle |first= D.|author-link=Denys Pringle|year=1998|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=0521390370}} |
||
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.| |
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}} |
||
*{{cite journal | author = Röhricht, R.| |
*{{cite journal | author = Röhricht, R.| author-link=Reinhold Röhricht | title = Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 10 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde09deut/page/195 195]–344 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde09deut| year = 1887}} |
||
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R.| |
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht|title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}} |
||
*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| |
*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| author-link = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut/page/120 120]–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}} |
||
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| |
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut/page/135 135]–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/images/english/Beit%20'Anan_ap_en.jpg Beit 'Anan aerial photo], ARIJ |
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/images/english/Beit%20'Anan_ap_en.jpg Beit 'Anan aerial photo], ARIJ |
||
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Beit'Anan.pdf Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Beit 'Anan], ARIJ |
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Beit'Anan.pdf Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Beit 'Anan], ARIJ |
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{{Jerusalem Governorate}} |
{{Jerusalem Governorate}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]] |
[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]] |
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[[Category:Jerusalem Governorate]] |
[[Category:Jerusalem Governorate]] |
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[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]] |
Revision as of 05:13, 2 April 2024
Beit 'Anan | |
---|---|
Arabic transcription(s) | |
• Arabic | بيت عنان |
• Latin | Bayt I'nan (official) |
Location of Beit 'Anan within Palestine | |
Coordinates: 31°51′10″N 35°06′38″E / 31.85278°N 35.11056°E | |
Palestine grid | 160/140 |
State | State of Palestine |
Governorate | Jerusalem |
Government | |
• Type | Municipality |
Population (2017)[1] | |
• Total | 4,210 |
Name meaning | "The house of 'Anan"[2] |
Beit 'Anan (Arabic: بيت عنان) is a Palestinian village in the Quds Governorate, located northwest of Jerusalem. In 2017, it had a population of 4,210.[1] Some residents of Beit 'Anan hold Israeli identity cards, while others hold Palestinian identity cards.
History
In 1159, Bethanam is mentioned in Crusader sources in connection with defining the borders between it and Parva Mahomeria.[3][4]
In 1883, Survey of Western Palestine suggested that Beit 'Anan was identical with the Crusader village of Beithumen, a fief of the Holy Sepulchre in the twelfth century.[5] However, in 1887 Röhricht thought it was a more likely that Beitunia was Beithumen,[6] and in 1890 Conder agreed fully with Röhricht.[7]
Ottoman era
Beit 'Anan was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 28 households, all Muslim, who paid a fixed tax sum of 3,400 akçe.[8]
Around 1740 Richard Pococke noted Beit 'Anan after travelling from Nabi Samwil.[9]
In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Malik area, west of Jerusalem.[10][11]
In 1863 Victor Guérin visited the village, and estimated that it had 600 inhabitants,[12] while an official Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that "Bet 'Anan" had 59 houses and a population of 220, though the population count included only men.[13][14] In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as "a small village on top of a flat ridge; near a main road to the west are remains of a Khan with water, and about a mile to the east is a spring."[15]
In 1896 the population of Beit 'Anan was estimated to be about 450 persons.[16]
British Mandate era
Beit 'Anan was captured by British forces in the 1917 Battle for Jerusalem during their campaign in Palestine against the Ottomans.[17] It was described as a village situated on the hill commanding Dukka from the south, on the road to Kubeibeh, identified as ancient Emmaus.[18]
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, "Bait 'Inan" had a population of 509 Muslims,[19] increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 654 Muslims, in 162 houses.[20]
In the 1945 statistics Beit I'nan had a population of 820, all Muslims,[21] with 10,105 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[22] Of this, 2,015 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,471 used for cereals,[23] while 63 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[24]
Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beit 'Anan came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.
In 1961, the population of Beit I'nan was 1,255.[25]
Post-1967
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit 'Anan has been under Israeli occupation. The population of Beit Inan in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 1,261, of whom 212 originated from the Israeli territory.[26]
After the 1995 accords, about 12.9% of the land (or 1,309 dunams) was classified as Area B, and the remaining 87.1% (or 8,797 dunams) as Area C.[27]
The Israeli plans for the Separation Wall will isolate a total of 1,009 dunams of village land on, or behind the wall, out of reach for its Palestinian owners.[28]
In 2012 the Beit Anan population was near five thousand with four thousand more migrants and their descendants. There are nearly 2,000 living in Jordan, most in Zarqa. More than 2,000 live in the United States, most of whom live in the Paterson, New Jersey area. Others live in Louisiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Florida, with a few living in Michigan. Some of their descendants live in Brazil. Migration from Beit Anan began in the early fifties. Then, nearly all headed to Brazil via the sea. Since the late sixties and until today migration from Beit Anan has been nearly entirely to the United States.[citation needed]
Biddu enclave
Beit 'Anan along with Biddu, Beit Duqqu, Beit Surik, Qatanna, al Qubeida, Beit Ijza, Kharayib Umm al Lahim and at Tira form the "Biddu enclave." The enclave will be linked to Ramallah[when?] by underpasses and a fenced road.[29]
West Bank barrier
In July 2004, the Israeli High Court of Justice cancelled military orders for the confiscation of hundreds of dunams of village land to build the separation barrier.[30][31] The barrier would have passed close to Beit 'Anan and cut off the village from a lot of its land.[31] Following the ruling, the barrier was rerouted at a greater distance from the village.[30]
Demography
Residents of Beit 'Anan, along with residents in nearby villages in the Ramallah Governorate such as At-Tira, Beit Ur al-Fauqa, and Dura al-Qar', trace back their ancestry to the town of Dura, southwest of Hebron.[32]
Families in the village include the Jumhoor, Rabee' and Hmeid families.[33] Tsvi Misinai reports that within the Rabee' clan, there is a tradition of lighting Shabbat lamps on Friday evening using olive oil and wicks, a practice inherited, uncommonly, through paternal lineage. Additionally, the clan uses the first name Zadoc and observes the custom of reciting Tefilat HaDerech, a Jewish prayer for safe travel, before going on a journey.[34]
Education and culture
Beit 'Anan has an UNRWA school for girls with 560 students, two elementary schools for boys and three kindergartens. The Abu Ayob al-Ansary mosque is located in Beit 'Anan. The village has two health clinics and several sports clubs. In 2009, a four-day culture festival was held in Beit Anan and was attended by more than 15,000 people.[35]
Shrine of Abu Yamin
Abu Yamin (Arabic: أبو يمين), or a-Naby Yamin, is a shrine located in Beit 'Anan. It is situated inside a cemetery dedicated to a saint of the same name and houses the tombs of this saint, his son, and his grandson, who according to local legend was gifted with foresight. More of his descendants' tombs surround the location. Tradition holds that Abu Yamin had Egyptian origins and it is said he appeared wearing a green crown. The residents of the village consider him to be the village's founding father. He was allegedly seen floating above the village to the sound of a band of musicians. According to local tradition, Abu Yamin's descendants were a people chosen by Allah.[36]
References
- ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 286
- ^ Pringle, 1998, pp. 167- 168
- ^ Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 88, no 338
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
- ^ Röhricht, 1887, p. 205
- ^ Conder, 1890, p. 30
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 121
- ^ Pococke, 1743, pp. 49-50; identified in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 65
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 124
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 65
- ^ Guérin, 1874, p. 348
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 145
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 118
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 16
- ^ Schick, 1896, p. 126
- ^ The battle for Palestine 1917, John D. Grainger
- ^ Cavalry entered Jaffa
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 38
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 24
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 56
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 101
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 151
- ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 23
- ^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
- ^ Beit 'Anan Town Profile, ARIJ, 2012, p. 16
- ^ Beit 'Anan Town Profile, ARIJ, 2012, p. 17
- ^ OCHA Archived November 12, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Amnon Barzilai (November 29, 2004). "New separation fence route to annex less West Bank land". Haaretz.
- ^ a b High Court of Justice, Beit Sourik Village Council versus the Government of Israel and the Commander of the IDF Forces in the West Bank, HCJ 2056/04 Archived 2012-08-05 at the Wayback Machine, June 30, 2004.
- ^ Grossman, D. "The expansion of the settlement frontier of Hebron's western and southern fringes". Geography Research Forum, 5, 1982, p. 64.
- ^ Beit 'Anan Town Profile, ARIJ, p. 7
- ^ Misinai, Tsvi (2023). The New Clothes of the People (in Hebrew) (6th ed.). Liad. p. 196.
- ^ "Promoting Palestinian culture presents challenge to occupation and celebrates heritage". Alquds2009.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
- ^ Tal, Uri (2023). Muslim Shrines in Eretz Israel: History, Religion, Traditions, Folklore (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi. p. 213. ISBN 978-965-217-452-9.
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Conder, C. R. (1890). "Norman Palestine". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 22: 29–37.
- Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1868). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Pococke, R. (1745). A description of the East, and some other countries. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer.
- Pringle, D. (1998). The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521390370.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Röhricht, R. (1887). "Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 10: 195–344.
- Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
- Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
External links
- Beit 'Anan website (Arabic)
- Welcome To Bayt I'nan
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Beit 'Anan Town (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Beit 'Anan Town Profile, ARIJ
- Beit 'Anan aerial photo, ARIJ
- Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Beit 'Anan, ARIJ