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==Influential people or branches of Azd== |
==Influential people or branches of Azd== |
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*The [[Nabataean Kingdom|Nabatean Kingdom]]<ref>نسب معد واليمن الكبير - الكلبي - الصفحة 268</ref><ref>النبي موسى وآخر أيام تل العمارنة - سيد القمني - المجلد الثاني - الصفحة </ref><ref>تاريخ الأدب السرياني - الصفحة 17</ref><ref>المسيحية والمسيحيون العرب أصول الموارنة - فرج الله صالح - الصفحة 28</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Teller|first=Matthew Jordan|date=02/09|title=Jordan|url=https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/9781848360662|journal=|volume=Rough Guides|pages=Page 265|via=}}</ref> |
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*The [[Ghassanids]] |
*The [[Ghassanids]] |
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*The [[Tanukhids|Banu Tanukh]] |
*The [[Tanukhids|Banu Tanukh]] |
Revision as of 19:59, 11 November 2020
Al-Azd is one of the biggest Arabian tribes that are descendants of Nābit (Nebaioth), they originate from west of the Arabian peninsula. The scholars have divided the tribe into 4 major divisions: Azd Shanū’ah, Azd Sarāht (Saraht Mountains), Azd Ghusān ( Ghassanid) , Azd Umān (Oman). Many tribes of Arabia pass their lineage towards one of the branches of Al Azd where over 26 major tribes descend from the tribe; These major tribes and their branches pass lineage through:
• Mazen |
• Nasr |
•Al-Heno |
•Abdullah |
• Amro |
Azd الأزد | |
---|---|
Nabataean | |
![]() | |
Ethnicity | Arab |
Nisba | Al-Azdi |
Location | Arab World |
Religion | Paganism, later Islam |
The Azd (Arabic: أَزْد) or Al-Azd (Arabic: ٱلْأَزْد) are an Arabian tribe[4] of Sabaean Arabs/Nabtaean Arabs. There’s an ongoing controversy between historians over the lineage of the tribe; Qahtanite or Adnanite. However, it is agreed upon that they descended from Nābit (Nebaioth).
According to DNA testing, Al-Azd was the first the first tribe to inhabit Arabia, (particularly, the northern part of the Arabian peninsula called the Fertile Crescent)[5], Before invading the lands of modern day Yemen from the Himyarites (modern day Yemeni people).They built a dam and settled there until the lands were irrigated by the Ma'rib Dam, which is thought by some to have been one of the engineering wonders of the ancient world because of its size. When the dam collapsed for the third time in the 1st century CE, much of the Azd tribe left Marib and dispersed.[6] The tribe descended through Ishmael (according to DNA testing).[7][8]
Azd branches
In the 3rd century CE the Azd branched into four sub-branches, each led by one of the sons of Amr bin Muzaikiyya.[9]
Imran Bin Amr
Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman, where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia. Later they invaded Karaman and Shiraz in Southern Persia, and these came to be known as "Azd Daba". Another branch headed west back to Yemen, and a group went further west all the way to Tihamah on the Red Sea. This group was to become known as "Azd Uman" after the emergence of Islam.[citation needed]
Jafna bin Amr
Jafna bin Amr and his family headed for Syria, where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids. They were so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria. This branch was to produce:
- The Ghassanid dynasty in Syria
- A Roman Emperor (Philip the Arab, a Ghassanid Arab from Syria, who ruled 244–249 CE)
- A Byzantine dynasty (the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian, also known as the Syrian, ruled 717-741 CE)
Thalabah bin Amr
Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe Al-Azd for the Hijaz and dwelt between Thalabiyah and Dhi Qar. When he gained strength, he headed for Yathrib, where he stayed. Of his seed is the great tribe Khazraj, sons of Haritha bin Thalabah. These were to be the Muslim Ansar and were to produce the last Arab dynasty in Spain (the Nasrids).
Haritha bin Amr
Haritha bin Amr led a branch of the Azd Qahtani tribes. He wandered with his tribe in the Hijaz until they came to the Tihamah. He had three sons Adi, Afsa and Lahi. Adiy was the father of Bariq, Lahi the father of Khuza'a and Afsa, the father of Aslam.[10][11]
Azd | .--------------+------------. | | Mazin Shahnvah | | .----------+----------. .--------+-----------. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Samala (Banu) Daws Haddan Thalabah Haritha Jafna | | (Ghassanids/The Ghassinids) .--+----. | | | |_________________ (Banu) Aws (Banu) Khuza'a/Khazraj | | .-----+---+----------. | | | Adi Afsa Lohay | | | Bariq Aslam (Banu) Khuza'a | | Salaman Mustalik
Zahran
The Zahran tribe is an ancient Arabian offshoot of the Azd tribe, also originating from the Kingdom of the Northern part of the Arabian peninsula. The shortage of water prompted them to relocate to Al-Bahah in the Arabian Peninsula. Of this tribe branched the tribe of Aws .Today members of the Zahran tribe can be found all over the Middle East and beyond. According to Arab scholars, the dialect used by the Hejazi tribes, the Zahran and the Ghamid, is the closest to classical Arabic.[12][13]
Azd 'Uman
The Azd 'Uman were the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern realms of the Caliphate and were the driving force in the conquest of Fars, Makran and Sindh.[14] They were the chief merchant group of Oman and Al-Ubulla, who organized a trading diaspora with settlements of Persianized Arabians on the coasts of Kirman and Makran, extending into Sindh since the days of Ardashir.[14] They were strongly involved in the western trade with India and with the expansion of the Muslim conquests they began to consolidate their commercial and political authority on the eastern frontier. During the early years of the Muslim conquests the Azdi ports of Bahrain and Oman were staging grounds for Muslim naval fleets headed to Fars and Hind.[14] From 637 CE the conquests of Fars and Makran were dominated by the Azdi and allied tribes from Oman. Between 665 CE and 683 CE the Azdi 'Uman became especially prominent due in Basra on account of favors from Ziyad ibn Abihi, the Governor of Muawiya I, and his son Ubaidullah.[14] When a member of their tribe Abu Said Al- Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra became governor their influence and wealth increased as he extended Muslim conquests to Makran and Sindh, where so many other Azdi were settled.[14] After his death in 702, though, they lost their grip on power with the rise of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf as governor of Iraq.[14] Al-Hajjaj pursued a systematic policy of breaking Umayyad power, as a result of which the Azdi also suffered.[14] With the death of Hajjaj and under Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik as Caliph, their fortunes reversed once again, with the appointment of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab.[14]
Influential people or branches of Azd
- The Nabatean Kingdom[15][16][17][18][19]
- The Ghassanids
- The Banu Tanukh
- Banu Ma'an (part of the Tanukhi tribal Confederation)
- The Nasrid dynasty of Al-Andalus
- The Al Said dynasty of Oman
- Bani Yas
- The Al Nahyan dynasty of Abu Dhabi in what is now the United Arab Emirates[citation needed]
- The Al Maktoum dynasty of Dubai[citation needed]
- Abu Dawood, collector of hadiths
- Ibn Duraid
- Kuthayyir,[20] Arab poet
- Jābir ibn Zayd, the co-founder of the Ibadi sect of Islam
- Tribe of Balgarn (Al Garni) or ( Al-Qarni)
- Ghamid
- Bani Shehr
- Zahran tribe
- Rawadids
- Tribe of Bariq
- Jābir ibn Hayyān
- Hudhayfah al-Bariqi
- Khalil ibn Ahmad
- Urwah al-Bariqi
- Arfaja al-Bariqi
- Humaydah al-Bariqi
- Ibn Al-Thahabi
- Ibn al-Banna
- Jamilah bint Adwan
- Asma bint Adiy al-Bariqiyyah
- Al Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah
- Mu'aqqir
- Fatimah bint Sa'd
- Suraqah al-Bariqi
- Ibn Al-Thahabi
- Banu Khazraj
- Billasmar (AL-Asmari)
- Jamilah bint Adwan
- Balahmer (Al-Ahmari)
- Bani Amr (Al-Amri)
- Amr ibn Khalid
- Umm al-Khair
- Dawasir (Al Dawasir)
- Bani Malik
- Al-Tahawi
See also
References
Citations
- ^ الأنساب للصحاري page 147.
- ^ جمهرة أنساب العرب لابن حزم page 156.
- ^ ابن الكلبي، جمهرة النسب
- ^ "Azd", G. Strenziok, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H. A. R. Gibb, J. H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provençal, J. Schacht (Brill, 1986), 811.
- ^ https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/haplogroup-jz640genetic-insight-into-the-levantine-bronze-age.pdf 10-07-2020 on the Wayback machine
- ^ "أزد - ويكيبيديا". ar.m.wikipedia.org (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- ^ "فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري الجزء السابع 17*24". Dar El Fikr for Printing publishing and distribution (S.A.L) – via دار الفكر للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع ش.م.ل. بيروت - لبنان. مؤرشف من الأصل في 26 فبراير 2020.
- ^ "الأحياء بعد النساء- الجزء الأول". ktab INC – via مؤرشف من الأصل في 26 فبراير 2020.
- ^ علي/المسعودي, أبي الحسن علي بن الحسين بن (2012-01-01). مروج الذهب ومعادن الجوهر 1-4 ج2 (in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 204.
- ^ Constructing Al-Azd: Tribal Identity and Society in the Early Islamic Centuries. ProQuest. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-549-63443-0. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
- ^ The Role of the Arab Tribes in the East During the Period of the Umayyads (40/660-132/749). Al-Jamea's Press. 1978. pp. 35, 34. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
- ^ Muhammad Suwaed (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Bedouins. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 261.
- ^ Cuddihy, Kathy (2001). An A to Z of Places and Things Saudi. London: Stacey International. p. 6. ISBN 9781900988407.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wink pg 51-52;"It is not accident that, among the Arabs, the Tribe of the Azd 'Uman were instrumental in the conquest of Fars, Makran and Sind, and that for some time they became the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern caliphate."
- ^ نسب معد واليمن الكبير - الكلبي - الصفحة 268
- ^ النبي موسى وآخر أيام تل العمارنة - سيد القمني - المجلد الثاني - الصفحة
- ^ تاريخ الأدب السرياني - الصفحة 17
- ^ المسيحية والمسيحيون العرب أصول الموارنة - فرج الله صالح - الصفحة 28
- ^ Teller, Matthew Jordan (02/09). "Jordan". Rough Guides: Page 265.
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(help) - ^ Ibn Khallikan wafayat alayan p. 524. alwarraq edition.
General sources
- Strenziok, G. (1960). "Azd". Encyclopedia of Islam. Vol. Volume 1. pp. 811–813.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
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has extra text (help) - Wink, Andre (1 August 2002). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-391-04173-8.