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'''Ashure''' or '''Noah's pudding''' is a sweet pudding that is made of a mixture consisting of various types of [[grain]]s, [[fruit|fresh]] and [[dried fruit]]s, and [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]]. |
'''Ashure''' or '''Noah's pudding''' is a sweet pudding of [[Eastern Mediterranean]] origin that is made of a mixture consisting of various types of [[grain]]s, [[fruit|fresh]] and [[dried fruit]]s, and [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]]. |
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[[Armenians]] make it as a [[Christmas pudding]] and for [[New Year's Day|New Year's]] celebrations, where it is a centerpiece,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford Symposium| isbn = 978-1-903018-89-7| last = McWilliams| first = Mark| title = Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011| date = 2012-07-01|chapter=Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!}}</ref> and in the [[Balkans]] and [[Turkey]], [[Sufi Muslims]] make the dish during the month of [[Muharram]] in which the [[Ashura|Day of Ashure]] takes place.<ref name=":1">{{cite book | last=Fieldhouse | first=P. | title=Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions [2 volumes] | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-61069-412-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-FqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 | access-date=August 11, 2017 | page=42}}</ref> |
[[Armenians]] make it as a [[Christmas pudding]] and for [[New Year's Day|New Year's]] celebrations, where it is a centerpiece,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford Symposium| isbn = 978-1-903018-89-7| last = McWilliams| first = Mark| title = Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011| date = 2012-07-01|chapter=Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!}}</ref> and in the [[Balkans]] and [[Turkey]], [[Sufi Muslims]] make the dish during the month of [[Muharram]] in which the [[Ashura|Day of Ashure]] takes place.<ref name=":1">{{cite book | last=Fieldhouse | first=P. | title=Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions [2 volumes] | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-61069-412-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-FqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 | access-date=August 11, 2017 | page=42}}</ref> [[Sephardic Jews]] prepare the dish to celebrate the Jewish holiday of [[Tu BiShvat]].<ref name=":2">Aylin Öney Tan, ‘''Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!''’, p. 352.</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Isin |first=Mary |date=2021 |title=Adam and Eve's Wheat Porridge |journal=[[Petits Propos Culinaires]] |issue=119 |pages=72-85}}</ref> |
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''Ashure'' was traditionally made and eaten during the colder months of the year due to its heavy and calorie rich nature, but now it is enjoyed year-round. The dish is traditionally made in large quantities to commemorate the ark's landing and is distributed to friends, relatives, neighbors, colleagues, classmates, and others, without regard to the recipient's religion or belief system as an offering of peace and love. |
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== History and traditions == |
== History and traditions == |
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=== Turkey === |
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In anecdotal history, it is claimed that when the [[Noah's Ark|ark]] came to rest on [[Mount Ararat]], the family of [[Noah in Islam|Nuh]] or [[Noah]] celebrated with a special dish. Since their supplies were nearly exhausted, what was left (primarily grains, dried fruits and the like) was cooked together to form a [[pudding]], what is now called ''ashure''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayden |first=Georgina |date=2022 |title=Nistisima: The secret to delicious vegan cooking from the Mediterranean and beyond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQZqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA254 |location=London, England |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |page=254 |isbn=978-1-5266-3068-1}}</ref> |
In anecdotal history, it is claimed that when the [[Noah's Ark|ark]] came to rest on [[Mount Ararat]], the family of [[Noah in Islam|Nuh]] or [[Noah]] celebrated with a special dish. Since their supplies were nearly exhausted, what was left (primarily grains, dried fruits and the like) was cooked together to form a [[pudding]], what is now called ''ashure''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hayden |first=Georgina |date=2022 |title=Nistisima: The secret to delicious vegan cooking from the Mediterranean and beyond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQZqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA254 |location=London, England |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |page=254 |isbn=978-1-5266-3068-1}}</ref> |
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Turkish families make ashure pudding to commemorate this event.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Univ of California Press| isbn = 978-0-520-28631-3| last = Laudan| first = Rachel| title = Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LawwDwAAQBAJ |date = 2015-04-03}}</ref> Ashure is distributed to the poor, as well as to neighbors, friends and relatives.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Halis Kutlu| last = Kutlu| first = Halis| title = Istanbul City Guide: Best Places Of Istanbul| date = 2014-05-26}}</ref> [[Evliya Çelebi]] says in his travelbook ''[[Seyahatname]]'' that "Ashure is a porridge (as) that should be cooked on the tenth of Muharram."<ref name="nisanyansozluk.com"/> |
Turkish families make ashure pudding to commemorate this event.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Univ of California Press| isbn = 978-0-520-28631-3| last = Laudan| first = Rachel| title = Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LawwDwAAQBAJ |date = 2015-04-03}}</ref> Ashure is distributed to the poor, as well as to neighbors, friends and relatives.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Halis Kutlu| last = Kutlu| first = Halis| title = Istanbul City Guide: Best Places Of Istanbul| date = 2014-05-26}}</ref> [[Evliya Çelebi]] says in his travelbook ''[[Seyahatname]]'' that "Ashure is a porridge (as) that should be cooked on the tenth of Muharram."<ref name="nisanyansozluk.com"/> |
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=== Armenia === |
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In Armenia, ''ashure'' may be garnished with pomegranate seeds and flavored with rose water, and the pudding is shared with neighbors during the Christmas season. The festive pudding is the centerpiece of the New Year's table, which is often decorated with dried fruits, nuts and pomegranates.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford Symposium| isbn = 978-1-903018-89-7| last = McWilliams| first = Mark| title = Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011| date = 2012-07-01|chapter=Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!}}</ref> |
In Armenia, ''ashure'' may be garnished with pomegranate seeds and flavored with rose water, and the pudding is shared with neighbors during the Christmas season. The festive pudding is the centerpiece of the New Year's table, which is often decorated with dried fruits, nuts and pomegranates.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford Symposium| isbn = 978-1-903018-89-7| last = McWilliams| first = Mark| title = Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011| date = 2012-07-01|chapter=Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!}}</ref> |
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=== Jewish cuisine === |
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[[Sephardic Jews]] prepare Ashure for the Jewish holiday of [[Tu BiShvat]]. The dish is also referred to as "trigo koço". It is made out of boiling wheat grains combined with sugar, crushed walnuts, and cinnamon. According to Aylin Tan, this practice may have originated from early [[Romaniote Jews|Jewish communities in Anatolia]] during the [[History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire|Byzantine era]] rather than being brought to Ottoman Turkey by Sephardic Jews who immigrated there in the late 15th century.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |
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== Ingredients == |
== Ingredients == |
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[[Category:Albanian cuisine]] |
[[Category:Albanian cuisine]] |
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[[Category:Mandaean ceremonial food and drink]] |
[[Category:Mandaean ceremonial food and drink]] |
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[[Category:Sephardi Jewish cuisine]] |
Revision as of 10:56, 19 February 2023
Alternative names | Ashura, anusabur (անուշապուր), aşure, Noah's pudding |
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Type | Porridge |
Course | Dessert |
Region or state | Turkey, Balkans, Armenia |
Main ingredients | Grains, fruits and nuts |
Ashure or Noah's pudding is a sweet pudding of Eastern Mediterranean origin that is made of a mixture consisting of various types of grains, fresh and dried fruits, and nuts.
Armenians make it as a Christmas pudding and for New Year's celebrations, where it is a centerpiece,[1] and in the Balkans and Turkey, Sufi Muslims make the dish during the month of Muharram in which the Day of Ashure takes place.[2] Sephardic Jews prepare the dish to celebrate the Jewish holiday of Tu BiShvat.[3][4]
Ashure was traditionally made and eaten during the colder months of the year due to its heavy and calorie rich nature, but now it is enjoyed year-round. The dish is traditionally made in large quantities to commemorate the ark's landing and is distributed to friends, relatives, neighbors, colleagues, classmates, and others, without regard to the recipient's religion or belief system as an offering of peace and love.
History and traditions
Turkey
In anecdotal history, it is claimed that when the ark came to rest on Mount Ararat, the family of Nuh or Noah celebrated with a special dish. Since their supplies were nearly exhausted, what was left (primarily grains, dried fruits and the like) was cooked together to form a pudding, what is now called ashure.[5]
Turkish families make ashure pudding to commemorate this event.[6] Ashure is distributed to the poor, as well as to neighbors, friends and relatives.[7] Evliya Çelebi says in his travelbook Seyahatname that "Ashure is a porridge (as) that should be cooked on the tenth of Muharram."[8]
Armenia
In Armenia, ashure may be garnished with pomegranate seeds and flavored with rose water, and the pudding is shared with neighbors during the Christmas season. The festive pudding is the centerpiece of the New Year's table, which is often decorated with dried fruits, nuts and pomegranates.[1]
Jewish cuisine
Sephardic Jews prepare Ashure for the Jewish holiday of Tu BiShvat. The dish is also referred to as "trigo koço". It is made out of boiling wheat grains combined with sugar, crushed walnuts, and cinnamon. According to Aylin Tan, this practice may have originated from early Jewish communities in Anatolia during the Byzantine era rather than being brought to Ottoman Turkey by Sephardic Jews who immigrated there in the late 15th century.[3][4]
Ingredients
Ashure porridge does not have a single recipe, as recipes vary between regions and families.[9]
Traditionally, it is said to have at least seven ingredients. Some say at least ten ingredients must be used, in keeping with the theme of "tenth", while Alevis always use twelve. Among these are wheat, barley, rice, white beans, chickpeas, pekmez, date molasses, pomegranate molasses, beet juice, dried fruits like dates, raisins, currants, apricots, figs, apples and nuts like pistachios, almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, pine nuts and sesame seeds. However, many renditions add orange, lemon and lime peel to add depth to the pudding. Anise seed, black cumin seeds, prunus mahaleb, pomegranate arils, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and allspice may be used as garnish, and some variations are flavored with anise liqueur, rose water and/or orange blossom water.
Etymology
The word Ashure comes from the Arabic word "Ashura" (Arabic: عَاشُوْرَاء ʿĀshūrāʾ ), meaning 'tenth'.[8]
See also
- Ashoriya, grains and cereals are eaten in remembrance for the drowned people of Noah's flood in Mandaeism.
References
- ^ a b McWilliams, Mark (2012-07-01). "Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!". Celebration: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2011. Oxford Symposium. ISBN 978-1-903018-89-7.
- ^ Fieldhouse, P. (2017). Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-61069-412-4. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- ^ a b Aylin Öney Tan, ‘Be Merry, Around a Wheat Berry!’, p. 352.
- ^ a b Isin, Mary (2021). "Adam and Eve's Wheat Porridge". Petits Propos Culinaires (119): 72–85.
- ^ Hayden, Georgina (2022). Nistisima: The secret to delicious vegan cooking from the Mediterranean and beyond. London, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-5266-3068-1.
- ^ Laudan, Rachel (2015-04-03). Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-28631-3.
- ^ Kutlu, Halis (2014-05-26). Istanbul City Guide: Best Places Of Istanbul. Halis Kutlu.
- ^ a b "aşure". www.nisanyansozluk.com.
- ^ "Noah's Pudding. Rumi Club. University of Massachusetts" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-11-25.