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The '''Armenian National Congress''' ({{lang-hy|Հայոց Ազգային Խորհուրդ}}) was a political assembly established in 1917 to provide representation for [[Russian Armenia|Armenians of the Russian Empire]].<ref>Adalian p.76</ref><ref name=Herzig>{{cite book|last=Herzig|first=edited by Edmund|title=The Armenians : past and present in the making of national identity|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=9780700706396|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kEVR88DKpGgC&dq|edition=1. publ.|coauthors=Kurkchiyan, Marina|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=95}}</ref> It first met at the Artistic Theatre in [[Tbilisi]] on 11 October of that year.<ref>Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref><ref name=Uras>{{cite book|last=Uras|first=Esat|title=The Armenians in history and the Armenian question|year=1988|publisher=Documentary Publications|location=Ankara|isbn=9789757555001|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5AhuAAAAMAAJ&q|edition=English translation of the rev. and expanded 2. ed.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=905}}</ref> Its formation was prompted by the opportunities the Russian Revolution provided towards for [[Armenians]] by the end of [[World War One]].<ref name=Herzig /> |
The '''Armenian National Congress''' ({{lang-hy|Հայոց Ազգային Խորհուրդ}}) was a political assembly established in 1917 to provide representation for [[Russian Armenia|Armenians of the Russian Empire]].<ref>Adalian p.76</ref><ref name=Herzig>{{cite book|last=Herzig|first=edited by Edmund|title=The Armenians : past and present in the making of national identity|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon|location=London [u.a.]|isbn=9780700706396|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kEVR88DKpGgC&dq|edition=1. publ.|coauthors=Kurkchiyan, Marina|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=95}}</ref><ref name=Derogy /> It first met at the Artistic Theatre in [[Tbilisi]] on 11 October of that year.<ref>Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref><ref name=Uras>{{cite book|last=Uras|first=Esat|title=The Armenians in history and the Armenian question|year=1988|publisher=Documentary Publications|location=Ankara|isbn=9789757555001|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5AhuAAAAMAAJ&q|edition=English translation of the rev. and expanded 2. ed.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=905}}</ref> Its formation was prompted by the opportunities the Russian Revolution provided towards for [[Armenians]] by the end of [[World War One]].<ref name=Herzig /> |
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The congress included more than 200 members from all over the Russian Empire, with only Armenian [[Bolsheviks]] refusing to take part for ideological reasons.<ref>Hovannisian ''Republic'', pp.16-17</ref> It was dominated by the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation|Dashnak Party]], who had 113 representatives.<ref>Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kurkjian|first=Vahan M.|title=A history of Armenia|year=2008|publisher=Indo-European Publishing|location=Los Angeles, CA|isbn=9781604440126}}</ref> |
The congress included more than 200 members from all over the Russian Empire, with only Armenian [[Bolsheviks]] refusing to take part for ideological reasons.<ref>Hovannisian ''Republic'', pp.16-17</ref> It was dominated by the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation|Dashnak Party]], who had 113 representatives.<ref>Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Kurkjian|first=Vahan M.|title=A history of Armenia|year=2008|publisher=Indo-European Publishing|location=Los Angeles, CA|isbn=9781604440126}}</ref> |
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Since a real government did not exist in the [[Yerevan]] province of [[Armenia]], the Armenian National Congress served as a government for the province.<ref name=Oksen>{{cite book|last=Teghtsoonian|first=Oksen Teghtsoonian ; Robert|title=From Van to Toronto : a life in two worlds|year=2003|publisher=IUniverse, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=9780595274154|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9F-kdzhwh7YC&dq|coauthors=editors, Christopher Teghtsoonian,}}</ref> According to [[Richard Hovannisian]], the Congress was "the most comprehensive Eastern Armenian gathering since the Russian conquest of [[Transcaucasia]]".<ref>Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref> The immediate objectives of the Congress was to devise a strategy for the war effort, provide relief for refugees, and provide local autonomy for various Armenian runned institutions throughout the [[Caucausus]].<ref name=Herzig /> The Congress also called for the militarization of the Caucasus front.<ref name=Marshall>{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=Alex|title=The Caucasus under Soviet rule|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=9780415410120|pages=387|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F0mlUS7rlhcC&dq|edition=1. publ.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=86}}</ref> The Armenian National Congress supported the policies of the [[Russian Provisional Government]] concerning the war, and also suggested redrawing provincial boundaries along ethnic lines.<ref>Hovannisian ''Republic'', pp.17-18</ref> The Congress was instrumental in the [[secularization]] of Armenian schools and the nationalization of secondary Armenian schools.<ref name=Marshall /> |
Since a real government did not exist in the [[Yerevan]] province of [[Armenia]], the Armenian National Congress served as a government for the province.<ref name=Oksen>{{cite book|last=Teghtsoonian|first=Oksen Teghtsoonian ; Robert|title=From Van to Toronto : a life in two worlds|year=2003|publisher=IUniverse, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=9780595274154|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9F-kdzhwh7YC&dq|coauthors=editors, Christopher Teghtsoonian,}}</ref> According to [[Richard Hovannisian]], the Congress was "the most comprehensive Eastern Armenian gathering since the Russian conquest of [[Transcaucasia]]".<ref>Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref> The immediate objectives of the Congress was to devise a strategy for the war effort, provide relief for refugees, and provide local autonomy for various Armenian runned institutions throughout the [[Caucausus]].<ref name=Herzig /> The Congress also called for the militarization of the Caucasus front.<ref name=Marshall>{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=Alex|title=The Caucasus under Soviet rule|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=9780415410120|pages=387|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F0mlUS7rlhcC&dq|edition=1. publ.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=86}}</ref> The Armenian National Congress supported the policies of the [[Russian Provisional Government]] concerning the war, and also suggested redrawing provincial boundaries along ethnic lines.<ref>Hovannisian ''Republic'', pp.17-18</ref> The Congress was instrumental in the [[secularization]] of Armenian schools and the nationalization of secondary Armenian schools.<ref name=Marshall /> |
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It created an executive body called the Armenian National Council, headed by [[Avetis Aharonian]].<ref name=Derogy>{{cite book|last=Derogy|first=Jacques|title=Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations|year=1990|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412833165|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C&dq}}</ref><ref name=Kevork>{{cite book|last=Bardakjian|first=Kevork B.|title=A reference guide to modern Armenian literature, 1500-1920 : with an introductory history|year=2000|publisher=Wayne State Univ. Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814327470|pages=714|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&dq|coauthors=Bardakjian, with an introduction by Kevork B.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=263-264}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=J. Hacikyan|first=Agop|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times.|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State Univ Pr|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214}}</ref> This council eventually declared independence for Russian Armenia in May 1918.<ref>Adalian p.76</ref><ref name=Herzig /> |
It created an executive body called the Armenian National Council, headed by [[Avetis Aharonian]].<ref name=Derogy>{{cite book|last=Derogy|first=Jacques|title=Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations|year=1990|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412833165|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C&dq}}</ref><ref name=Kevork>{{cite book|last=Bardakjian|first=Kevork B.|title=A reference guide to modern Armenian literature, 1500-1920 : with an introductory history|year=2000|publisher=Wayne State Univ. Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814327470|pages=714|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&dq|coauthors=Bardakjian, with an introduction by Kevork B.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=263-264}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=J. Hacikyan|first=Agop|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times.|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State Univ Pr|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214}}</ref> This council eventually declared independence for Russian Armenia in May 1918.<ref>Adalian p.76</ref><ref name=Herzig /><ref name=Derogy /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 22:49, 9 February 2013
The Armenian National Congress (Armenian: Հայոց Ազգային Խորհուրդ) was a political assembly established in 1917 to provide representation for Armenians of the Russian Empire.[1][2][3] It first met at the Artistic Theatre in Tbilisi on 11 October of that year.[4][5] Its formation was prompted by the opportunities the Russian Revolution provided towards for Armenians by the end of World War One.[2]
The congress included more than 200 members from all over the Russian Empire, with only Armenian Bolsheviks refusing to take part for ideological reasons.[6] It was dominated by the Dashnak Party, who had 113 representatives.[7][8]
Since a real government did not exist in the Yerevan province of Armenia, the Armenian National Congress served as a government for the province.[9] According to Richard Hovannisian, the Congress was "the most comprehensive Eastern Armenian gathering since the Russian conquest of Transcaucasia".[10] The immediate objectives of the Congress was to devise a strategy for the war effort, provide relief for refugees, and provide local autonomy for various Armenian runned institutions throughout the Caucausus.[2] The Congress also called for the militarization of the Caucasus front.[11] The Armenian National Congress supported the policies of the Russian Provisional Government concerning the war, and also suggested redrawing provincial boundaries along ethnic lines.[12] The Congress was instrumental in the secularization of Armenian schools and the nationalization of secondary Armenian schools.[11]
It created an executive body called the Armenian National Council, headed by Avetis Aharonian.[3][13][14] This council eventually declared independence for Russian Armenia in May 1918.[15][2][3]
References
- ^ Adalian p.76
- ^ a b c d Herzig, edited by Edmund (2005). The Armenians : past and present in the making of national identity (1. publ. ed.). London [u.a.]: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 95. ISBN 9780700706396. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
:|first=
has generic name (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Derogy, Jacques (1990). Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412833165.
- ^ Hovannisian Armenia on the Road to Independence, p.87
- ^ Uras, Esat (1988). The Armenians in history and the Armenian question (English translation of the rev. and expanded 2. ed. ed.). Ankara: Documentary Publications. p. 905. ISBN 9789757555001. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
:|edition=
has extra text (help) - ^ Hovannisian Republic, pp.16-17
- ^ Hovannisian Armenia on the Road to Independence, p.87
- ^ Kurkjian, Vahan M. (2008). A history of Armenia. Los Angeles, CA: Indo-European Publishing. ISBN 9781604440126.
- ^ Teghtsoonian, Oksen Teghtsoonian ; Robert (2003). From Van to Toronto : a life in two worlds. New York: IUniverse, Inc. ISBN 9780595274154.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hovannisian Armenia on the Road to Independence, p.87
- ^ a b Marshall, Alex (2008). The Caucasus under Soviet rule (1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. p. 86. ISBN 9780415410120. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
: More than one of|pages=
and|page=
specified (help) - ^ Hovannisian Republic, pp.17-18
- ^ Bardakjian, Kevork B. (2000). A reference guide to modern Armenian literature, 1500-1920 : with an introductory history. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press. p. 263-264. ISBN 9780814327470. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
: More than one of|pages=
and|page=
specified (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ J. Hacikyan, Agop (2005). The Heritage of Armenian Literature From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times. Detroit: Wayne State Univ Pr. ISBN 9780814332214.
- ^ Adalian p.76
Sources
- Richard G. Hovannisian Armenia on the Road to Independence (University of California, 1967)
- Richard G. Hovanissian The Republic of Armenia: The First Year 1918-19 (University of California, 1971)
- Rouben Paul Adalian Historical Dictionary of Armenia (Scarecrow Press, 2010)