rv. vandal |
AWB assisted re-categorisation per CFD |
||
Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
Furthermore, there is unease worldwide with the world's most populous country being controlled by an unelected single-party leadership. Many observers around the world increased their dislike of Chinese political machinations after watching the suppression of protesters during the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]] in Beijing and throughout much of urban China. Many Western observers worry about the lack of political and religious freedom available in modern China, and many find complicity in non-Chinese multi-national companies who choose business opportunities in the PRC at the expense of promoting a free exchange of information with the outside world. |
Furthermore, there is unease worldwide with the world's most populous country being controlled by an unelected single-party leadership. Many observers around the world increased their dislike of Chinese political machinations after watching the suppression of protesters during the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]] in Beijing and throughout much of urban China. Many Western observers worry about the lack of political and religious freedom available in modern China, and many find complicity in non-Chinese multi-national companies who choose business opportunities in the PRC at the expense of promoting a free exchange of information with the outside world. |
||
Finally, as China increases its military and economic strength through modernization, many foreign observers cringe at what they perceive to be an increase in displays of "hyper-Chinese nationalism" in sports, diplomacy, space exploration and in the economic realm. Although this development mirrors other nation's actions during a similar period of modernization (like the Soviet Union, Japan, and the US, France and the UK), the fact that an authoritarian Chinese government appears to be encouraging its appearance as a way to offset criticism towards itself is disturbing to many throughout the world, and is itself a source of increased resentment towards the People's Republic of China. |
Finally, as China increases its military and economic strength through modernization, many foreign observers cringe at what they perceive to be an increase in displays of "hyper-Chinese nationalism" in sports, diplomacy, space exploration and in the economic realm. Although this development mirrors other nation's actions during a similar period of modernization (like the Soviet Union, Japan, and the US, France and the UK), the fact that an authoritarian Chinese government appears to be encouraging its appearance as a way to offset criticism towards itself is disturbing to many throughout the world, and is itself a source of increased resentment towards the People's Republic of China. |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
[[zh:反华情绪]] |
[[zh:反华情绪]] |
Revision as of 22:07, 26 January 2006
Sinophobia is a consistent hostility toward people of Chinese origin, and may also refer to hostility of China's culture or history. The term describes the actions and attitudes of individuals as well as the policies and pronouncements of governments and other organizations.
While the term essentially denotes an ethnic bigotry it is often used in connection with politics and may not be confined to non-ethnic Chinese: protests against and criticism of China in Taiwan, for instance, are sometimes considered examples of Sinophobia. Many Chinese use the term "Sinophobia" in preference to "Anti-Chinese sentiment" as the former implies a racial bias or bigotry, which many Chinese see as implicit in Western criticism of China and the Chinese. Using the term "Sinophobia" makes it easy to dismiss the possibility that observers may have serious, non-racially motivated criticisms towards modern Chinese culture, customs and methods of government.
In Asia
Significant Chinese peoples exist in a number of South-East Asian countries, including minority populations in Malaysia and Indonesia and a majority one in Singapore. Generally urban and often wealthy businesses owners, these transplanted Chinese have traditionally controlled much capital and general economic activity in these countries despite their minority status. Resentment amongst the poorer majority has often led to anti-Chinese violence, such as in 1969 in Malaysia and as recently as 1998 in Indonesia. [1] Malaysia is in the unusual position of utilizing affirmative action to the benefit of members of the majority population rather than its minorities.
In the West
China has figured in the Western imagination for more than two millennia in a variety of ways: positively, as an inventive, well-organized alternative civilization and negatively as a monolithic and repressive society.
In modern times, China has been an ambivalent immigration source for the west and obviously Sinophobic policies (such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, the policies of Richard Seddon, and the White Australia policy) and pronouncements on the "yellow peril" were in evidence as late as the mid-20th century in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This has largely subsided however, and Chinese immigrants are often considered to be a model minority. In Russia, and especially in Siberia and Russian Far East, the sinophobia has evolved in last decade due to large amount of illegal Chinese immigrants. The fear of takeover of sparcely populated Russian area in East by Chinese is also widespread.
Internationally, China's booming economy and tremendous growth in power has been the subject of much speculation and apprehension with many believing that China could soon be in a position to challenge America as the sole superpower.
Furthermore, there is unease worldwide with the world's most populous country being controlled by an unelected single-party leadership. Many observers around the world increased their dislike of Chinese political machinations after watching the suppression of protesters during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in Beijing and throughout much of urban China. Many Western observers worry about the lack of political and religious freedom available in modern China, and many find complicity in non-Chinese multi-national companies who choose business opportunities in the PRC at the expense of promoting a free exchange of information with the outside world.
Finally, as China increases its military and economic strength through modernization, many foreign observers cringe at what they perceive to be an increase in displays of "hyper-Chinese nationalism" in sports, diplomacy, space exploration and in the economic realm. Although this development mirrors other nation's actions during a similar period of modernization (like the Soviet Union, Japan, and the US, France and the UK), the fact that an authoritarian Chinese government appears to be encouraging its appearance as a way to offset criticism towards itself is disturbing to many throughout the world, and is itself a source of increased resentment towards the People's Republic of China.