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{{Taxobox |
{{Taxobox |
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| image = ANTHEMIS_cotula_Köhler.png |
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| name = ''Anthemis cotula'' |
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| image_width = 240px |
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| image = Koeh-160.jpg |
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| image_caption = '''Stinking chamomile''' |
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] |
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] |
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Line 7: | Line 8: | ||
| ordo = [[Asterales]] |
| ordo = [[Asterales]] |
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| familia = [[Asteraceae]] |
| familia = [[Asteraceae]] |
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| tribus = [[Anthemideae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Anthemis]]'' |
| genus = ''[[Anthemis]]'' |
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| species = '''''A. cotula''''' |
| species = '''''A. cotula''''' |
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| binomial = ''Anthemis cotula'' |
| binomial = ''Anthemis cotula'' |
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], [[1753]] |
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], ([[Species Plantarum|1753]]) |
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| synonyms = |
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''Maruta cotula'' (L.) DC.<br/> |
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''Anthemis psorosperma'' Ten.<br/> |
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''Anthemis ramosa'' Spreng.<br/> |
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Sources: IPNI,<ref name="IPNI">{{IPNI |
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| id = 125517-3 |
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| date = 2008-06-17 |
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}}</ref> E+M<ref name="EUROMED">{{cite web |
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| url = http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=117655&PTRefFk=7000000 |
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| title = Details for: ''Anthemis cotula'' |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| author = Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem |
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| authorlink = Botanical Garden in Berlin |
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| format = HTML |
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| work = Euro+Med PlantBase |
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| publisher = [[Free University of Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin]] |
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}}</ref> UniProt<ref name="UniProt">{{UniProt Taxonomy |
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| name = Anthemis cotula |
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| id = 158220 |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Anthemis cotula''''' also known as '''stinking chamomile''',<ref name="Britten">{{cite book |
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'''''Anthemis cotula''''' ('''Dog-fennel''', '''Mayweed''', '''Pig-sty daisy''', '''Pig-sty-daisy''', or '''Stinking Chamomile''') is an annual flowering plant distinguished by its strong odour, which is often considered unpleasant. It can be found in northern [[Europe]] as well as [[North America]], growing on roadsides and beside fields. It may also invade cultivated soil and is therefore considered a [[weed]]. |
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| last = Britten |
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| first = James |
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| authorlink = James Britten |
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| coauthors = Robert Holland |
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| title = A Dictionary of English Plant-names |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=F3YKAAAAIAAJ |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| date = 1886 |
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| publisher = For the English Dialect Society, Trübner & Ludgate Hill |
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| pages = 618 pages |
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| chapter = Page 84 |
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| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=F3YKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84 |
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}}</ref> mather, dog- or hog's-fennel, dog-finkle, dog-daisy. pig-sty-daisy, chigger-weed,<ref name="Britton">{{cite book |
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| last = Britton |
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| first = Nathaniel Lord |
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| authorlink = Nathaniel Lord Britton |
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| coauthors = [[Addison Brown]] |
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| title = An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundray of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-YgCAAAAYAAJ |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| edition = Second Edition -- Revised and Enlarged |
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| series = Volume III Gentianaceae to Compositae -- Gentian to Thistle |
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| date = 1913 |
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| publisher = [[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |
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| location = New York |
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| chapter = BORAGE FAMILY |
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| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?pg=RA3-PA88&lpg=RA3-PA88 |
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}}</ref> mayweed, maroute, Maruta cotula, Cotula Maruta foetida, Manzanilla loca, wild chamomile, Camomille puante. Foetid Chamomile or Mayweed, maithes, maithen, mathor <ref name="mayweed">{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/m/maywee26.html |
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| title = Mayweed |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| author = M. Grieve |
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| authorlink = Maud Grieve |
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| year = 1931 |
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| format = HTML |
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| work = A Modern Herbal |
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| publisher = © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com |
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}}</ref> mayweed chamomile, camomille des chiens, camomille puante, stinkende Hundskamille, camomila-de-cachorro, macéla-fétida, and manzanilla hedionda is an flowering [[annual plant]] distinguished by its strong odor, which is often considered unpleasant. A native of [[Europe]] and [[North Africa]] it has escaped and naturalized in [[North America]], [[Southern Africa]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?103883 |
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| title = Taxon: ''Anthemis cotula'' L. |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) |
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| authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network |
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| date = 1992-05-02 |
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| format = HTML |
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| work = Taxonomy for Plants |
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| publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland |
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}}</ref> growing in fields, waste places and along roadsides,<ref name="Britton"/> it may also invade cultivated soil and is therefore considered a [[weed]].<ref name="GRIN"/> |
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The name "cotula" as assigned to this plant in 1753 by [[Carolus Linnaeus]] in [[Species Plantarum]] is from a Greek word meaning 'a cup,' as inspired by the shape of the flowers.<ref name="Dunglison">{{cite book |
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| last = Dunglison |
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| first = Robley |
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| authorlink = Robley Dunglison |
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| coauthors = Richard James Dunglison |
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| title = A Dictionary of Medical Science; Containing a Concise Explanation of the Various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Medical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, and Dentistry; Notices of Climate, and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations; with the Accentuation and Etymology of the Terms, and the French and Other Synonyms |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=RjIAAAAAQAAJ |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| date = 1876 |
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| publisher = Churchill |
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| pages = 1131 pages |
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| chapter = Section 22 Costohyoideus thru Cough |
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| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA266&lpg=PA266 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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Common in waste places, ''Anthemis cotula'' resembles true Chamomile (''[[Anthemis nobilis]]'') with its large single flowers on straight stems but differs by having no membraneous scales at the base of the flowers and by their odor. "Much cut" leaves that resemble fennel (''[[Foeniculum vulgare]]'') gained this species one of its common names: Dog's Fennel.<ref name="Grieve">{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/chammo49.html#sti |
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| title = Chamomile Stinking |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| author = M. Grieve |
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| authorlink = Maud Grieve |
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| year = 1931 |
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| format = HTML |
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| work = A Modern Herbal |
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| publisher = © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com |
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}}</ref> |
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Mostly hairless (sometimes with fine soft hairs on the upper side) ''Anthemis cotula'' is glandular, emits a fetid order and has an acrid taste. This [[annual plant]] achieves heights from 12 [[inch]]es (28 [[centimeter]]s) to 24 inches (56 centimeters) tall.<ref name="Britton"/> |
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;Leaves: [[leaf|Leaves]] are mostly attached directly to the base without a leaf stalk. Each leaf is 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) long and are finely pinnate and dissected into narrow almost threadlike acute lobes.<ref name="Britton"/> |
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;Flowers: Numerous [[flower]] heads, each about 1 inch (2.34 centimeters) wide. The [[Calybium|involucre]] [[bract]]s are oblong and slightly with soft hairs. 10 to 18 3-toothed [[white]] rays, that bend backwards towards the outer end and rarely with fruitless [[pistil]]s. Bristly bracts extend under and at a right angle to the central flowers.<ref name="Britton"/> |
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;Fruits: [[Achene]]s are 10-ribbed, wrinkly and covered with small rounded glandular protuberances. No [[pappus]]. |
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==Distribution== |
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;Native: |
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:;[[Palearctic]]: |
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::'''Macaronesia''': [[Azores]], [[Canary Islands]], [[Madeira Islands]] |
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::'''Northern Africa''': [[Algeria]], [[Egypt]], [[Libya]], [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]] |
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::'''Western Asia''': [[Cyprus]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Israel]], [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Turkey]] |
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::'''Caucasus''': [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[North Caucasus]], [[Dagestan]] |
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::'''Northern Europe''': [[Denmark]], [[Ireland]], [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[England]] |
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::'''Middle Europe''': [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Netherlands]], [[Poland]], [[Switzerland]] |
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::'''East Europe''': [[Belarus]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]], [[Krym]] |
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::'''Southeastern Europe''': [[Albania]], [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Greece]], [[Crete]], [[Italy]], [[Republic of Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Romania]], [[Sardinia]], [[Serbia]], [[Sicily]], [[Slovenia]] |
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::'''Southwestern Europe''': [[France]] [[Corsica]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[Baleares]] |
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Source: GRIN<ref name="GRIN"/> |
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<br clear="all"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Image:Anthemis cotula-linedrawing.png|thumb|Illustration from [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Addison Brown|Brown]] [[1913]].]] |
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* {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons-inline}} |
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ANCO2 USDA Plants Profile: ''Anthemis cotula''] |
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{{wikispecies-inline}} |
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{{ |
*{{ITIS|ID=36330 |taxon=''Anthemis cotula'' L.|year=2008|date=17 June}} |
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*{{NRCS Plants Profile |
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{{wikispecies|Anthemis cotula}} |
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| name = Anthemis cotula |
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| symbol = ANCO2 |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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}} |
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* {{aut|[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]]}} (1917): ''[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]].'' [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8866 HTML or TXT fulltext] at [[Project Gutenberg]] |
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*{{cite book |
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| last = Phillpotts |
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| first = Eden |
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| authorlink = Eden Phillpotts |
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| title = Sons of the Morning |
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| accessdate = 2008-06-17 |
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| origdate = 1900 |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=hzb63eYDcyQC |
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| publisher = [[G. P. Putnam's Sons|Putnam]] |
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| pages = page 61-71 of 492 pages |
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| chapter = ANTHEMIS COTULA |
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| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=hzb63eYDcyQC&pg=PA61 |
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}} |
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[[Category:Anthemis]] |
[[Category:Anthemis]] |
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[[Category:Invasive plant species]] |
[[Category:Invasive plant species]] |
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{{Asteraceae-stub}} |
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[[fr:Anthémis fétide]] |
[[fr:Anthémis fétide]] |
Revision as of 22:19, 17 June 2008
Anthemis cotula | |
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Stinking chamomile | |
Scientific classification | |
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Division: | |
Class: | |
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Family: | |
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Genus: | |
Species: | A. cotula
|
Binomial name | |
Anthemis cotula | |
Synonyms | |
Maruta cotula (L.) DC. |
Anthemis cotula also known as stinking chamomile,[4] mather, dog- or hog's-fennel, dog-finkle, dog-daisy. pig-sty-daisy, chigger-weed,[5] mayweed, maroute, Maruta cotula, Cotula Maruta foetida, Manzanilla loca, wild chamomile, Camomille puante. Foetid Chamomile or Mayweed, maithes, maithen, mathor [6] mayweed chamomile, camomille des chiens, camomille puante, stinkende Hundskamille, camomila-de-cachorro, macéla-fétida, and manzanilla hedionda is an flowering annual plant distinguished by its strong odor, which is often considered unpleasant. A native of Europe and North Africa it has escaped and naturalized in North America, Southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand[7] growing in fields, waste places and along roadsides,[5] it may also invade cultivated soil and is therefore considered a weed.[7]
The name "cotula" as assigned to this plant in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus in Species Plantarum is from a Greek word meaning 'a cup,' as inspired by the shape of the flowers.[8]
Description
Common in waste places, Anthemis cotula resembles true Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) with its large single flowers on straight stems but differs by having no membraneous scales at the base of the flowers and by their odor. "Much cut" leaves that resemble fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) gained this species one of its common names: Dog's Fennel.[9]
Mostly hairless (sometimes with fine soft hairs on the upper side) Anthemis cotula is glandular, emits a fetid order and has an acrid taste. This annual plant achieves heights from 12 inches (28 centimeters) to 24 inches (56 centimeters) tall.[5]
- Leaves
- Leaves are mostly attached directly to the base without a leaf stalk. Each leaf is 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) long and are finely pinnate and dissected into narrow almost threadlike acute lobes.[5]
- Flowers
- Numerous flower heads, each about 1 inch (2.34 centimeters) wide. The involucre bracts are oblong and slightly with soft hairs. 10 to 18 3-toothed white rays, that bend backwards towards the outer end and rarely with fruitless pistils. Bristly bracts extend under and at a right angle to the central flowers.[5]
- Fruits
- Achenes are 10-ribbed, wrinkly and covered with small rounded glandular protuberances. No pappus.
Distribution
- Native
-
- Palearctic
- Macaronesia: Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira Islands
- Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
- Western Asia: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
- Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, North Caucasus, Dagestan
- Northern Europe: Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, England
- Middle Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
- East Europe: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Krym
- Southeastern Europe: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Crete, Italy, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia
- Southwestern Europe: France Corsica, Portugal, Spain, Baleares
Source: GRIN[7]
References
- ^ "Anthemis cotula". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. 2008-06-17.
- ^ Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Anthemis cotula" (HTML). Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ UniProt. "Anthemis cotula". Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Britten, James (1886). "Page 84". A Dictionary of English Plant-names. For the English Dialect Society, Trübner & Ludgate Hill. pp. 618 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
{{cite book}}
: External link in
(help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=
|chapterurl=
ignored (|chapter-url=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e Britton, Nathaniel Lord (1913). "BORAGE FAMILY". An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundray of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. Volume III Gentianaceae to Compositae -- Gentian to Thistle (Second Edition -- Revised and Enlarged ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
{{cite book}}
: External link in
(help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=
|chapterurl=
ignored (|chapter-url=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ M. Grieve (1931). "Mayweed" (HTML). A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ a b c Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1992-05-02). "Taxon: Anthemis cotula L." (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Dunglison, Robley (1876). "Section 22 Costohyoideus thru Cough". A Dictionary of Medical Science; Containing a Concise Explanation of the Various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Medical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, and Dentistry; Notices of Climate, and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations; with the Accentuation and Etymology of the Terms, and the French and Other Synonyms. Churchill. pp. 1131 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
{{cite book}}
: External link in
(help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=
|chapterurl=
ignored (|chapter-url=
suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ M. Grieve (1931). "Chamomile Stinking" (HTML). A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
External links
Media related to Anthemis cotula at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Anthemis cotula at Wikispecies
- "Anthemis cotula L." Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 17 June.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
and|year=
/|date=
mismatch (help) - USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Anthemis cotula". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- Blanchan, Neltje (1917): Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. HTML or TXT fulltext at Project Gutenberg
- Phillpotts, Eden. "ANTHEMIS COTULA". Sons of the Morning. Putnam. pp. page 61-71 of 492 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
{{cite book}}
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has extra text (help); External link in
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