→Economy: fixed link |
m code formatting |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} |
||
{{Infobox power station |
{{Infobox power station |
||
| name |
| name = Anholt Offshore Wind Farm |
||
| name_official |
| name_official = |
||
| image |
| image = Anholt September 2014.jpg |
||
| image_size |
| image_size = |
||
| image_caption |
| image_caption = |
||
| image_alt |
| image_alt = |
||
| location_map |
| location_map = Denmark |
||
| location_map_size = |
| location_map_size = |
||
| location_map_caption |
| location_map_caption = |
||
| coordinates = {{coord|56|36|0|N|11|12|36|E|type:landmark_region:DK|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|56|36|0|N|11|12|36|E|type:landmark_region:DK|display=inline,title}} |
||
| coordinates_ref |
| coordinates_ref =<ref name="4cDKanholt"/> |
||
| country |
| country = [[Denmark]] |
||
| location |
| location = [[Kattegat]] near [[Norddjurs Municipality|Norddjurs]] |
||
| status |
| status = O |
||
| construction_began = 2012 |
| construction_began = 2012 |
||
| commissioned |
| commissioned = 4 September 2013 |
||
| decommissioned |
| decommissioned = |
||
| cost |
| cost = 10 billion [[Danish krone]]r |
||
| owner |
| owner = [[DONG Energy]] |
||
| operator |
| operator = |
||
| ps_units_operational |
| ps_units_operational = 111 |
||
| ps_units_manu_model |
| ps_units_manu_model = [[Siemens Wind Power]]: SWT-3.6-120<ref>[http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/power-generation/renewables/wind-power/E50001-W310-A135-V1-4A00_WS_Offshore%20References_US.pdf Siemens - Offshore wind power projects] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065157/http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/pool/hq/power-generation/renewables/wind-power/E50001-W310-A135-V1-4A00_WS_Offshore%20References_US.pdf |date=16 July 2011 }}</ref> |
||
| wind_hub_height |
| wind_hub_height = |
||
| wind_rotor_diameter |
| wind_rotor_diameter = |
||
| wind_rated_speed |
| wind_rated_speed = |
||
| wind_farm_type |
| wind_farm_type = |
||
| wind_site_area |
| wind_site_area = |
||
| wind_offshore_depth |
| wind_offshore_depth = {{convert|14|-|17|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |
||
| wind_offshore_distance |
| wind_offshore_distance = {{convert|21|km|0|abbr=on}} |
||
| ps_electrical_capacity = |
| ps_electrical_capacity = 400 MW |
||
| ps_electrical_cap_fac |
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 48.7 %<ref name="Energy NumbersIII">{{cite web|url=http://energynumbers.info/capacity-factors-at-danish-offshore-wind-farms|title=Capacity factors at Danish offshore wind farms| date=2014-09-23|work=energynumbers.info/| accessdate= 2014-11-09}}</ref> |
||
| website |
| website = |
||
| extra |
| extra = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Anholt Offshore Wind Farm''' is a [[Denmark|Danish]] [[offshore wind power]] [[wind farm]] in the [[Kattegat]], between [[Djursland]] and [[Anholt (Denmark)|Anholt]] island. |
'''Anholt Offshore Wind Farm''' is a [[Denmark|Danish]] [[offshore wind power]] [[wind farm]] in the [[Kattegat]], between [[Djursland]] and [[Anholt (Denmark)|Anholt]] island. With a [[nameplate capacity]] of 400 [[megawatt]]s (MW), it is one of the [[List of offshore wind farms|largest offshore wind farm in the world]] (along with [[BARD Offshore 1]]) and the largest in Denmark. A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island.<ref name="ensAnholt1">[http://www.ens.dk/da-DK/UndergrundOgForsyning/VedvarendeEnergi/Vindkraft/Havvindmoeller/Udbudaf400MWmellemDjurslandogAnholt/Sider/Forside.aspx Anholt offshore wind farm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108032552/http://www.ens.dk/da-DK/UndergrundOgForsyning/VedvarendeEnergi/Vindkraft/Havvindmoeller/Udbudaf400MWmellemDjurslandogAnholt/Sider/Forside.aspx |date=8 November 2010 }} (in Danish) ''[[Danish Energy Agency]]''. Accessed: 27 November 2010.</ref> |
||
== Project == |
== Project == |
||
Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
===Technology=== |
===Technology=== |
||
DONG contracted [[Siemens Wind Power]] to supply 111 3.6 MW [[wind turbine]]s for the project,<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-22/siemens-wins-111-offshore-wind-turbine-order-in-denmark-from-dong-energy.html | title= Siemens Wins 111 Offshore Wind-Turbine Order in Denmark From Dong Energy |last= van Loon |first= Jeremy |date= 22 June 2010 |work= |publisher= [[Bloomberg L.P.]] | accessdate= 23 June 2010 }}</ref> placed in {{convert|14|m}} water depth.<ref name="4cDKanholt">{{cite web | url= http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/djursland-anholt-denmark-dk13.html | title= Djursland Anholt | date= |publisher= 4C Offshore Limited | accessdate= 2010-06-23}}</ref> |
|||
DONG contracted [[Siemens Wind Power]] to supply 111 3.6 MW [[wind turbine]]s for the project,<ref> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
| url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-22/siemens-wins-111-offshore-wind-turbine-order-in-denmark-from-dong-energy.html |
|||
| title= Siemens Wins 111 Offshore Wind-Turbine Order in Denmark From Dong Energy |
|||
|last= van Loon |first= Jeremy |date= 22 June 2010 |work= |publisher= [[Bloomberg L.P.]] |
|||
| accessdate= 23 June 2010 }} |
|||
</ref> placed in {{convert|14|m}} water depth.<ref name="4cDKanholt">{{cite web | url= http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/djursland-anholt-denmark-dk13.html | title= Djursland Anholt | date= |publisher= 4C Offshore Limited | accessdate= 2010-06-23}}</ref> |
|||
A platform holds 3 transformers which increase voltage from 33 to 220 kV for transporting the [[alternating current]] power {{convert|25|km}} to land through a single 3-conductor cable (diameter {{convert|26|cm|disp=or|abbr=on}})<ref name="seacable">Kvarts, Thomas. [http://energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-vands/Sider/Om-soekablet.aspx About the seacable] (in Danish) ''[[Energinet.dk]]''. Accessed: 27 November 2010.</ref> and a further {{convert|56|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="landcable">Kvarts, Thomas. [http://energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-lands/Sider/Om-landkablet.aspx About the landcable] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129124837/http://energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-lands/Sider/Om-landkablet.aspx |date=29 November 2010 }} (in Danish) ''[[Energinet.dk]]''. Accessed: 27 November 2010.</ref> to Trige (near [[Aarhus]]) where a 400 kV main power hub can distribute the power.<ref name="trafo">Damgaard, Poul. [http://www.energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-vands/Sider/Om-transformerplatformen.aspx About the transformator platform] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129112716/http://www.energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-vands/Sider/Om-transformerplatformen.aspx |date=29 November 2010 }} (in Danish) ''[[Energinet.dk]]'', 20 August 2010. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.</ref><ref name="grid">Gaardestrup, Rikke Bille. [https://projects.energinet.dk/Anlaegsrapport/Lists/Elprojekter/DispForm.aspx?ID=126 Connection of offshore wind farm Anholt] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122616/https://projects.energinet.dk/Anlaegsrapport/Lists/Elprojekter/DispForm.aspx?ID=126 |date=19 July 2011 }} ''[[Energinet.dk]]'', 30 November 2009. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.</ref> There are [[switchyard reactor]]s along the cable to provide [[AC power#Reactive power|reactive power]] to compensate for line capacitance.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.anlaegsrapport.dk/2012_2013/eltransmission/Sider/Nettilslutningafhavm%C3%B8llervedAnholt.aspx |title=Nettilslutning af havmøller ved Anholt|publisher=[[Energinet.dk]] |date=26 November 2012|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref> |
A platform holds 3 transformers which increase voltage from 33 to 220 kV for transporting the [[alternating current]] power {{convert|25|km}} to land through a single 3-conductor cable (diameter {{convert|26|cm|disp=or|abbr=on}})<ref name="seacable">Kvarts, Thomas. [http://energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-vands/Sider/Om-soekablet.aspx About the seacable] (in Danish) ''[[Energinet.dk]]''. Accessed: 27 November 2010.</ref> and a further {{convert|56|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="landcable">Kvarts, Thomas. [http://energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-lands/Sider/Om-landkablet.aspx About the landcable] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129124837/http://energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-lands/Sider/Om-landkablet.aspx |date=29 November 2010 }} (in Danish) ''[[Energinet.dk]]''. Accessed: 27 November 2010.</ref> to Trige (near [[Aarhus]]) where a 400 kV main power hub can distribute the power.<ref name="trafo">Damgaard, Poul. [http://www.energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-vands/Sider/Om-transformerplatformen.aspx About the transformator platform] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129112716/http://www.energinet.dk/DA/ANLAEG-OG-PROJEKTER/Anlaegsprojekter-el/Nettilslutning-af-Anholt-havmoellepark/Anlaeg-til-vands/Sider/Om-transformerplatformen.aspx |date=29 November 2010 }} (in Danish) ''[[Energinet.dk]]'', 20 August 2010. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.</ref><ref name="grid">Gaardestrup, Rikke Bille. [https://projects.energinet.dk/Anlaegsrapport/Lists/Elprojekter/DispForm.aspx?ID=126 Connection of offshore wind farm Anholt] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122616/https://projects.energinet.dk/Anlaegsrapport/Lists/Elprojekter/DispForm.aspx?ID=126 |date=19 July 2011 }} ''[[Energinet.dk]]'', 30 November 2009. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.</ref> There are [[switchyard reactor]]s along the cable to provide [[AC power#Reactive power|reactive power]] to compensate for line capacitance.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.anlaegsrapport.dk/2012_2013/eltransmission/Sider/Nettilslutningafhavm%C3%B8llervedAnholt.aspx |title=Nettilslutning af havmøller ved Anholt|publisher=[[Energinet.dk]] |date=26 November 2012|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref> |
||
The agreement required first power to be produced before the end of 2012, and be fully commissioned before the end of 2013.<ref name="4cDKanholt"/> |
The agreement required first power to be produced before the end of 2012, and be fully commissioned before the end of 2013.<ref name="4cDKanholt"/> |
||
In March 2011, DONG Energy sold 50% of the Anholt wind farm to a consortium consisting of PensionDanmark (30%) and PKA (Pensionskassernes Administration, 20%) for DKK 6 billion (US$1.14 billion) payable in 4 rates between 2011 and 2013.<ref>{{cite web |
In March 2011, DONG Energy sold 50% of the Anholt wind farm to a consortium consisting of PensionDanmark (30%) and PKA (Pensionskassernes Administration, 20%) for DKK 6 billion (US$1.14 billion) payable in 4 rates between 2011 and 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/PensionDanmarkandPKAtobecomeco-ownersofDenmark%27slargestoffshorewindfarm.aspx | title= PensionDanmark and PKA to become co-owners of Denmark's largest offshore wind | date= 28 March 2011 | publisher= DONG Energy | accessdate= 30 March 2011 }}</ref><ref name=sale>Pedersen, Lars Dalsgård. [http://www.energy-supply.dk/article/view/61860/dong_saelger_halvdelen_af_anholt_havmollepark DONG sells half of Anholt wind farm] ''Energy Supply'', 28 March 2011. Accessed: 10 December 2011.</ref> |
||
| url= http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/PensionDanmarkandPKAtobecomeco-ownersofDenmark%27slargestoffshorewindfarm.aspx |
|||
| title= PensionDanmark and PKA to become co-owners of Denmark's largest offshore wind |
|||
| date= 28 March 2011 | publisher= DONG Energy |
|||
| accessdate= 30 March 2011 }}</ref><ref name=sale>Pedersen, Lars Dalsgård. [http://www.energy-supply.dk/article/view/61860/dong_saelger_halvdelen_af_anholt_havmollepark DONG sells half of Anholt wind farm] ''Energy Supply'', 28 March 2011. Accessed: 10 December 2011.</ref> |
|||
Usually, turbines are placed in a grid pattern of lines and rows. But the turbines of AOWF are placed in an unusual pattern, governed by two principles: put most of them along the edges, and put most in undisturbed airflow from the main direction, which is [[West-southwest]]. This would increase production by 1.5%, a lifetime value of more than 100m DKK.<ref>Sanne Wittrup. "[http://ing.dk/artikel/ny-placering-af-havmoller-ved-anholt-giver-kaempe-bonus-118690 Bonus for new pattern of turbines]" (in Danish) [[Ingeniøren]], 2 May 2011. Accessed: 4 September 2013.</ref> |
Usually, turbines are placed in a grid pattern of lines and rows. But the turbines of AOWF are placed in an unusual pattern, governed by two principles: put most of them along the edges, and put most in undisturbed airflow from the main direction, which is [[West-southwest]]. This would increase production by 1.5%, a lifetime value of more than 100m DKK.<ref>Sanne Wittrup. "[http://ing.dk/artikel/ny-placering-af-havmoller-ved-anholt-giver-kaempe-bonus-118690 Bonus for new pattern of turbines]" (in Danish) [[Ingeniøren]], 2 May 2011. Accessed: 4 September 2013.</ref> |
||
==Construction== |
==Construction== |
||
On 31 December 2011, the heavy lift vessel (HLV) ''Svanen'' placed the first foundation monopile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-January2012.aspx |title=Anholt Offshore Wind Farm Newsletter, January 2012 |date=January 2012 |publisher=[[DONG Energy]] |accessdate=16 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610093441/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-January2012.aspx |archivedate=10 June 2012 }}</ref> |
|||
On 31 December 2011, the heavy lift vessel (HLV) ''Svanen'' placed the first foundation monopile.<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-January2012.aspx |
|||
|title=Anholt Offshore Wind Farm Newsletter, January 2012 |
|||
|date=January 2012 |
|||
|publisher=[[DONG Energy]] |
|||
|accessdate=16 January 2012 |
|||
|deadurl=yes |
|||
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610093441/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-January2012.aspx |
|||
|archivedate=10 June 2012 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
Official construction of the wind farm started on 13 January 2012.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Media/Newsroom/News/Pages/Today-westartconstructionofAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |title=Today we start construction of Anholt Offshore Wind Farm |date=13 January 2012 |publisher=DONG Energy |accessdate=16 January 2012 |deadurl=yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000129/http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Media/Newsroom/News/Pages/Today-westartconstructionofAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |archivedate=5 October 2013 }}</ref> |
|||
Official construction of the wind farm started on 13 January 2012.<ref>{{cite press release |
|||
|url=http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Media/Newsroom/News/Pages/Today-westartconstructionofAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |
|||
|title=Today we start construction of Anholt Offshore Wind Farm |
|||
|date=13 January 2012 |
|||
|publisher=DONG Energy |
|||
|accessdate=16 January 2012 |
|||
|deadurl=yes |
|||
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000129/http://www.dongenergy.com/EN/Media/Newsroom/News/Pages/Today-westartconstructionofAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |
|||
|archivedate=5 October 2013 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
The first turbine was installed on 3 September and connected to the Danish power grid on 21 September.<ref>{{cite press release |
The first turbine was installed on 3 September and connected to the Danish power grid on 21 September.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/FirstpowerfromAnholtoffshorewindfarm.aspx |title=First power from Anholt offshore wind farm |date=21 September 2012 |publisher=DONG Energy |accessdate=24 September 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023026/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/FirstpowerfromAnholtoffshorewindfarm.aspx |archivedate=5 October 2013 }}</ref> |
||
|url=http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/FirstpowerfromAnholtoffshorewindfarm.aspx |
|||
|title=First power from Anholt offshore wind farm |
|||
|date=21 September 2012 |
|||
|publisher=DONG Energy |
|||
|accessdate=24 September 2012 |
|||
|deadurl=yes |
|||
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023026/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/FirstpowerfromAnholtoffshorewindfarm.aspx |
|||
|archivedate=5 October 2013 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
In May 2013, AOWF became Denmark's largest wind farm when 59 turbines were grid connected, totalling 212MW and surpassing [[Horns Rev 2]]. The vessel Sea Installer managed to erect a complete tower (saving time), and installed a wind turbine in 7 hours.<ref>[http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-May2013.aspx Newsletter-May2013] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708153220/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-May2013.aspx |date=8 July 2013 }}</ref> |
In May 2013, AOWF became Denmark's largest wind farm when 59 turbines were grid connected, totalling 212MW and surpassing [[Horns Rev 2]]. The vessel Sea Installer managed to erect a complete tower (saving time), and installed a wind turbine in 7 hours.<ref>[http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-May2013.aspx Newsletter-May2013] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130708153220/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AnholtOffshoreWindFarm-Newsletter-May2013.aspx |date=8 July 2013 }}</ref> |
||
On 19 May 2013, |
On 19 May 2013, the installation vessel Sea Power erected the last of the 111 turbines at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesareerectedatAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx | archive-url= https://archive.is/20130629013813/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesareerectedatAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |dead-url=yes |
||
|archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=All turbines are erected at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm |date=15 May 2013 |publisher=DONG Energy |accessdate=3 June 2013 }}</ref> |
|||
|url=http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesareerectedatAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |
|||
|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130629013813/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesareerectedatAnholtOffshoreWindFarm.aspx |
|||
|dead-url=yes |
|||
|archive-date=29 June 2013 |
|||
|title=All turbines are erected at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm |
|||
|date=15 May 2013 |
|||
|publisher=DONG Energy |
|||
|accessdate=3 June 2013 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
The wind farm achieved full power in June 2013,<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesatAnholtoffshorewindfarmnowoperational.aspx |title=All turbines at Anholt Offshore wind farm now operational |date=20 June 2013 |publisher=[[DONG Energy]] |accessdate=27 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006224732/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesatAnholtoffshorewindfarmnowoperational.aspx |archivedate=6 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>[http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/anholt-denmark-dk13.html Anholf Offshore wind farm in 4C Offshore] Retrieved 27 August 2013</ref> and was inaugurated and [[Project commissioning|commissioned]] on 4 September 2013.<ref name=marg>Jan Bjerre Lauridsen & Søren Andersen. "[http://www.b.dk/nationalt/dronning-oenskede-god-vind-til-kaempemoeller-i-kattegat Queen says Good Wind to giant turbines]" (in Danish) ''[[Berlingske]]'', 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.</ref><ref>"[http://www.rechargenews.com/wind/article1336397.ece VIPs cut ribbon at 400MW Anholt]" ''Recharge News'', 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.</ref> |
The wind farm achieved full power in June 2013,<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesatAnholtoffshorewindfarmnowoperational.aspx |title=All turbines at Anholt Offshore wind farm now operational |date=20 June 2013 |publisher=[[DONG Energy]] |accessdate=27 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006224732/http://www.dongenergy.com/anholt/EN/News/anholt_nyheder/News/Pages/AllturbinesatAnholtoffshorewindfarmnowoperational.aspx |archivedate=6 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>[http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/anholt-denmark-dk13.html Anholf Offshore wind farm in 4C Offshore] Retrieved 27 August 2013</ref> and was inaugurated and [[Project commissioning|commissioned]] on 4 September 2013.<ref name=marg>Jan Bjerre Lauridsen & Søren Andersen. "[http://www.b.dk/nationalt/dronning-oenskede-god-vind-til-kaempemoeller-i-kattegat Queen says Good Wind to giant turbines]" (in Danish) ''[[Berlingske]]'', 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.</ref><ref>"[http://www.rechargenews.com/wind/article1336397.ece VIPs cut ribbon at 400MW Anholt]" ''Recharge News'', 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.</ref> |
||
==Operation== |
==Operation== |
||
The connection cable has been out of service two times; first the land cable failed for a week in 2014 costing [[Energinet.dk]] 9 million DKK in compensation to DONG. In February 2015 the sea cable failed, and Anholt island reverted to its diesel engines.<ref name=wit3>Wittrup, Sanne. "[http://ing.dk/artikel/fejl-paa-soekabel-stopper-anholt-havmoellepark-i-tre-uger-174319 Fejl på søkabel stopper Anholt Havmøllepark i tre uger ]" |
The connection cable has been out of service two times; first the land cable failed for a week in 2014 costing [[Energinet.dk]] 9 million DKK in compensation to DONG. In February 2015 the sea cable failed, and Anholt island reverted to its diesel engines.<ref name=wit3>Wittrup, Sanne. "[http://ing.dk/artikel/fejl-paa-soekabel-stopper-anholt-havmoellepark-i-tre-uger-174319 Fejl på søkabel stopper Anholt Havmøllepark i tre uger ]" ''[[Ingeniøren]]'', 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015.</ref> |
||
{{asof|2015}}, the farm has produced 4,427 GWh.<ref name="Energy NumbersIII"/> |
{{asof|2015}}, the farm has produced 4,427 GWh.<ref name="Energy NumbersIII"/> |
Revision as of 09:51, 16 January 2018
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm | |
---|---|
![]() | |
![]() | |
Official name |
|
Country | Denmark |
Location | Kattegat near Norddjurs |
Coordinates | 56°36′0″N 11°12′36″E / 56.60000°N 11.21000°E |
Status | Operational |
Construction began | 2012 |
Commission date | 4 September 2013 |
Construction cost | 10 billion Danish kroner |
Owner(s) | DONG Energy |
Operator(s) | |
Wind farm | |
Type | |
Max. water depth | 14–17 m (46–56 ft) |
Distance from shore | 21 km (13 mi) |
Rotor diameter |
|
Site area |
|
Power generation | |
Units operational | 111 |
Make and model | Siemens Wind Power: SWT-3.6-120[1] |
Nameplate capacity | 400 MW |
Capacity factor | 48.7 %[2] |
External links | |
Website | www |
Commons | Related media on Commons |
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a Danish offshore wind power wind farm in the Kattegat, between Djursland and Anholt island. With a nameplate capacity of 400 megawatts (MW), it is one of the largest offshore wind farm in the world (along with BARD Offshore 1) and the largest in Denmark. A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island.[4]
Project
Economy
The project was conceived in February 2008, as part of the Danish government's Energy Policy Agreement.[5] The wind farm costs an estimated 10 billion Danish kroner (€1.35 bn, US$1.65 bn). During operation, DONG receives a feed-in tariff of 1.051 DKK/kW·h (17 US¢/kW·h) for the first 20 TW·h (about 12–13 years of production),[6] whereas the 207 MW Rødsand 2 receives 0.629 DKK/kW·h for 10 TW·h.[7]
DONG Energy was the only bidder for the project, and received the license to build it in 2010.[8][9] Newsmedia and politicians suggest a tight schedule with tough sanctions as reasons for the single bid and higher price,[10][11] and the subsequent Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm had 4 bidders in 2015 and costs 0.77 DKK/kW·h, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.[12]
Technology
DONG contracted Siemens Wind Power to supply 111 3.6 MW wind turbines for the project,[13] placed in 14 metres (46 ft) water depth.[3]
A platform holds 3 transformers which increase voltage from 33 to 220 kV for transporting the alternating current power 25 kilometres (16 mi) to land through a single 3-conductor cable (diameter 26 cm or 10 in)[14] and a further 56 km (35 mi)[15] to Trige (near Aarhus) where a 400 kV main power hub can distribute the power.[16][17] There are switchyard reactors along the cable to provide reactive power to compensate for line capacitance.[18]
The agreement required first power to be produced before the end of 2012, and be fully commissioned before the end of 2013.[3] In March 2011, DONG Energy sold 50% of the Anholt wind farm to a consortium consisting of PensionDanmark (30%) and PKA (Pensionskassernes Administration, 20%) for DKK 6 billion (US$1.14 billion) payable in 4 rates between 2011 and 2013.[19][20]
Usually, turbines are placed in a grid pattern of lines and rows. But the turbines of AOWF are placed in an unusual pattern, governed by two principles: put most of them along the edges, and put most in undisturbed airflow from the main direction, which is West-southwest. This would increase production by 1.5%, a lifetime value of more than 100m DKK.[21]
Construction
On 31 December 2011, the heavy lift vessel (HLV) Svanen placed the first foundation monopile.[22]
Official construction of the wind farm started on 13 January 2012.[23]
The first turbine was installed on 3 September and connected to the Danish power grid on 21 September.[24]
In May 2013, AOWF became Denmark's largest wind farm when 59 turbines were grid connected, totalling 212MW and surpassing Horns Rev 2. The vessel Sea Installer managed to erect a complete tower (saving time), and installed a wind turbine in 7 hours.[25]
On 19 May 2013, the installation vessel Sea Power erected the last of the 111 turbines at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.[26]
The wind farm achieved full power in June 2013,[27][28] and was inaugurated and commissioned on 4 September 2013.[10][29]
Operation
The connection cable has been out of service two times; first the land cable failed for a week in 2014 costing Energinet.dk 9 million DKK in compensation to DONG. In February 2015 the sea cable failed, and Anholt island reverted to its diesel engines.[30]
As of 2015, the farm has produced 4,427 GWh.[2]
See also
External links
References
- ^ Siemens - Offshore wind power projects Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Capacity factors at Danish offshore wind farms". energynumbers.info/. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- ^ a b c "Djursland Anholt". 4C Offshore Limited. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ Anholt offshore wind farm Archived 8 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish) Danish Energy Agency. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
- ^ Backwell, Ben (1 May 2009). "Denmark launches Anholt offshore wind farm tender". Recharge. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ Hanne, Windemuller. Anholt Offshore Wind Farm will be the largest in Denmark Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Danish Energy Agency, 2 July 2010. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
- ^ Pia C. Jensen & Steen Hartvig Jacobsen. "Wind turbines in Denmark Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine", page 26. Danish Energy Agency, November 2009. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
- ^ "Anholt - tender of 400MW". Danish Energy Agency. Archived from the original on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=
(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^
Bjartnes, Anders (22 June 2010). "Dong gets green light for 400MW Anholt despite high prices". Recharge. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Jan Bjerre Lauridsen & Søren Andersen. "Queen says Good Wind to giant turbines" (in Danish) Berlingske, 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
- ^ Erik Holm & Sanne Wittrup. "We should learn from Anholt" (in Danish) Ingeniøren, 8 April 2010. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
- ^ Wittrup, Sanne. "Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark " Ingeniøren, 26 February 2015. Accessed: 26 February 2015.
- ^ van Loon, Jeremy (22 June 2010). "Siemens Wins 111 Offshore Wind-Turbine Order in Denmark From Dong Energy". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ Kvarts, Thomas. About the seacable (in Danish) Energinet.dk. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
- ^ Kvarts, Thomas. About the landcable Archived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish) Energinet.dk. Accessed: 27 November 2010.
- ^ Damgaard, Poul. About the transformator platform Archived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish) Energinet.dk, 20 August 2010. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.
- ^ Gaardestrup, Rikke Bille. Connection of offshore wind farm Anholt Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Energinet.dk, 30 November 2009. Retrieved: 24 October 2010.
- ^ "Nettilslutning af havmøller ved Anholt". Energinet.dk. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ "PensionDanmark and PKA to become co-owners of Denmark's largest offshore wind". DONG Energy. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
- ^ Pedersen, Lars Dalsgård. DONG sells half of Anholt wind farm Energy Supply, 28 March 2011. Accessed: 10 December 2011.
- ^ Sanne Wittrup. "Bonus for new pattern of turbines" (in Danish) Ingeniøren, 2 May 2011. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
- ^ "Anholt Offshore Wind Farm Newsletter, January 2012". DONG Energy. January 2012. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Today we start construction of Anholt Offshore Wind Farm" (Press release). DONG Energy. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
{{cite press release}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "First power from Anholt offshore wind farm" (Press release). DONG Energy. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
{{cite press release}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Newsletter-May2013 Archived 8 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "All turbines are erected at Anholt Offshore Wind Farm" (Press release). DONG Energy. 15 May 2013. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
{{cite press release}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "All turbines at Anholt Offshore wind farm now operational" (Press release). DONG Energy. 20 June 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
{{cite press release}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Anholf Offshore wind farm in 4C Offshore Retrieved 27 August 2013
- ^ "VIPs cut ribbon at 400MW Anholt" Recharge News, 4 September 2013. Accessed: 4 September 2013.
- ^ Wittrup, Sanne. "Fejl på søkabel stopper Anholt Havmøllepark i tre uger " Ingeniøren, 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015.