→Use of memes: aka trolling |
not really suitable for belief section. |
||
Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
The '''alt-right''' is a segment of [[right-wing politics|right-wing ideologies]] presented as an alternative to mainstream [[conservatism in the United States]].<ref name="weeklystandard1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/08/26/the-alt-right-makes-dubious-claims-on-conservatism/|title=The “alt-right” makes dubious claims on conservatism|first=Ramesh|last=Ponnuru|publisher=[[The Denver Post]]}}</ref> It has been described as a movement unified by support for Republican presidential candidate [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump]],<ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name=Beast/> as well as by [[Criticism of multiculturalism|opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref name=CNNexplained/> |
The '''alt-right''' is a segment of [[right-wing politics|right-wing ideologies]] presented as an alternative to mainstream [[conservatism in the United States]].<ref name="weeklystandard1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/08/26/the-alt-right-makes-dubious-claims-on-conservatism/|title=The “alt-right” makes dubious claims on conservatism|first=Ramesh|last=Ponnuru|publisher=[[The Denver Post]]}}</ref> It has been described as a movement unified by support for Republican presidential candidate [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump]],<ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name=Beast/> as well as by [[Criticism of multiculturalism|opposition to multiculturalism]] and [[Opposition to immigration|immigration]].<ref name=CNNexplained/> |
||
The alt-right has no official ideology, although various sources have said that it is associated with [[white nationalism]],<ref name= |
The alt-right has no official ideology, although various sources have said that it is associated with [[white nationalism]],<ref name=CNNexplained/><ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name=People/> [[white supremacism]],<ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name=NPCWhatIs/><ref name="ft">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2b6dd330-6d81-11e6-a0c9-1365ce54b926.html|title=Alt-right gains prominence|publisher=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> [[antisemitism]],<ref name=CNNexplained/><ref name=People/><ref name="NYTechoes"/> [[right-wing populism]],<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="gazette1">{{cite web|url=http://gazette.com/study-online-trump-supporters-arent-afraid-to-let-curse-words-fly/article/1583755|title=Study: Online Trump supporters 'aren't afraid to let curse words fly'|first=Daniel|last=Chaitin|publisher=[[The Gazette (Colorado Springs)|The Gazette]]}}</ref> [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]],<ref name="mireview">{{cite web|url=http://www.michiganreview.com/demystifying-alt-right/|title=Demystifying the Alt-Right|first=Kevin|last=Liu|publisher=[[The Michigan Review]]}}</ref><ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/clinton-accuse-trump-embracing-nativist-political-movement-102052962.html?ref=gs|title=Clinton to accuse Trump of embracing nativist political movement|first=Amanda|last=Becker|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and the [[neoreactionary movement]].<ref name="nationalpost"/><ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2016/08/28/what-alt-about-alt-right/QcKZ1A1u7Rxk7MSd69wU4M/story.html|title=What’s ‘alt-’ about the alt-right?|first=Michael|last=Brodeur|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref> |
||
The alt-right has been said to be a largely online movement with [[Internet meme]]s widely used to advance or express its beliefs, often on websites such as [[4chan]]. |
The alt-right has been said to be a largely online movement with [[Internet meme]]s widely used to advance or express its beliefs, often on websites such as [[4chan]].<ref name="NYTechoes"/><ref name=NYMag/><ref name=Vice/> |
||
==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
||
Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
==Beliefs== |
==Beliefs== |
||
The alt-right has no official ideology. |
The alt-right has no official ideology. The ''[[Associated Press]]'' stated that there is "no one way to define its ideology"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/clinton-sees-trump-ties-alt-dystopian-ideology-074702820--election.html|title=Clinton sees Trump ties to 'alt-right' dystopian ideology|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> and the ''[[BBC]]'' has called it an "amorphous movement".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37021991|title=Trump's shock troops: Who are the 'alt-right'?|first=Mike|last=Wendling|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The alt-right has been said to include elements of [[white nationalism]],<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name=People/><ref name=CNNexplained/> [[white supremacism]],<ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name="NPCWhatIs" /><ref name="ft"/> [[antisemitism]],<ref name=CNNexplained/><ref name="People" /><ref name="NYTechoes"/> [[right-wing populism]],<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="gazette1"/> [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]],<ref name="mireview"/><ref name="reuters"/> and the [[neoreactionary movement]].<ref name="nationalpost"/><ref name="bostonglobe"/> |
||
Jeet Heer of ''[[The New Republic]]'' identified the alt-right as having ideological origins among [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservatives]], particularly with respect to restricting immigration and supporting a more openly nationalistic foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |title=''National Review'' Fails to Kill Its Monster|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/128176/national-review-fails-kill-monster|work=The New Republic|author=Heer, Jeet|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Newsday]]'' columnist [[Cathy Young]] also noted the alt-right's strong [[opposition to immigration|opposition to both legal and illegal immigration]] and its hard-line stance on the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref name="newsday1" /> Robert Tracinski of ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]'' has written that the alt-right opposes [[miscegenation]] and advocates [[collectivism]] and [[tribalism]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Tracinski |first=Robert |url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/04/yes-the-alt-right-are-just-a-bunch-of-racists/ |title=Yes, the Alt-Right Are Just a Bunch of Racists |work=The Federalist |date=April 4, 2016 |accessdate=July 23, 2016}}</ref> Nicole Hemmer stated on ''[[NPR]]'' that [[political correctness]] is seen by the alt-right as "the greatest threat to their liberty."<ref name="NPR"/> |
Jeet Heer of ''[[The New Republic]]'' identified the alt-right as having ideological origins among [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservatives]], particularly with respect to restricting immigration and supporting a more openly nationalistic foreign policy.<ref>{{cite news |title=''National Review'' Fails to Kill Its Monster|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/128176/national-review-fails-kill-monster|work=The New Republic|author=Heer, Jeet|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Newsday]]'' columnist [[Cathy Young]] also noted the alt-right's strong [[opposition to immigration|opposition to both legal and illegal immigration]] and its hard-line stance on the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref name="newsday1" /> Robert Tracinski of ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]'' has written that the alt-right opposes [[miscegenation]] and advocates [[collectivism]] and [[tribalism]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Tracinski |first=Robert |url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/04/yes-the-alt-right-are-just-a-bunch-of-racists/ |title=Yes, the Alt-Right Are Just a Bunch of Racists |work=The Federalist |date=April 4, 2016 |accessdate=July 23, 2016}}</ref> Nicole Hemmer stated on ''[[NPR]]'' that [[political correctness]] is seen by the alt-right as "the greatest threat to their liberty."<ref name="NPR"/> |
||
Commonalities shared across the loosely-defined alt-right include disdain for mainstream politics and support for [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign]]. |
Commonalities shared across the loosely-defined alt-right include disdain for mainstream politics and support for [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign]].<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/alt-hashtag-spurs-racism-rebukes-speech-41659771|title='Alt-Right' Hashtag Spurs Racism, Rebukes During Speech|first=ABC|last=News|publisher=}}</ref> |
||
==Use of memes== |
==Use of memes== |
||
The alt-right's use of Internet memes to advance or express its beliefs, often on websites such as 4chan, has been widely reported.<ref name="NYTechoes"/><ref name=NYMag/><ref name=Vice/> Adherents of the ideology have, for instance, been credited for originating the term ''[[cuckservative]]'', a portmanteau of "[[cuckold]]" and "conservative".<ref name="washingtonpost"/> Another example is the use of [[triple parentheses]] or "echoes" to identify and target Jews online, which originated on the blog ''[[The Right Stuff (blog)|The Right Stuff]]''.<ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name="NYTechoes |
The alt-right's use of Internet memes to advance or express its beliefs, often on websites such as 4chan, has been widely reported.<ref name="NYTechoes"/><ref name=NYMag/><ref name=Vice/> Adherents of the ideology have, for instance, been credited for originating the term ''[[cuckservative]]'', a portmanteau of "[[cuckold]]" and "conservative".<ref name="washingtonpost"/> Another example is the use of [[triple parentheses]] or "echoes" to identify and target Jews online, which originated on the blog ''[[The Right Stuff (blog)|The Right Stuff]]''.<ref name="WPechoes"/><ref name="NYTechoes"/> The prevalence of memes in alt-right circles has led some commentators to question whether the alt-right is a serious movement rather than just an alternative way to express traditionally conservative beliefs,<ref name="NewYorker"/><ref name="NYTechoes"/> with provoking a media reaction to these memes being for some creators an end in itself<ref name="cjrCheckmate">{{cite web|url=http://www.cjr.org/analysis/alt_right_media_clinton_trump.php|last=Gourarie|first=Chava|work=Columbia Journalism Review|title=How the ‘alt-right’ checkmated the media|date=August 30, 2016}}</ref> |
||
==Reaction== |
==Reaction== |
||
Although some conservatives have welcomed the alt-right, others on the mainstream right and left have criticized it as racist or hateful,<ref name="newsday1"/><ref name=Tracinski/> particularly given its overt hostility to mainstream conservatism and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. |
Although some conservatives have welcomed the alt-right, others on the mainstream right and left have criticized it as racist or hateful,<ref name="newsday1"/><ref name=Tracinski/> particularly given its overt hostility to mainstream conservatism and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref name="weeklystandard2"/><ref name="shapiro"/> |
||
[[David A. French]], writing for ''[[National Review]]'', called alt-right proponents "wanna-be [[fascism|fascists]]" and bemoaned their entry into the national political conversation.<ref name="NR"/> |
[[David A. French]], writing for ''[[National Review]]'', called alt-right proponents "wanna-be [[fascism|fascists]]" and bemoaned their entry into the national political conversation.<ref name="NR"/> |
||
Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
==Commentary== |
==Commentary== |
||
[[File:2008 Jared Taylor.jpg|right|160px|thumb|[[Jared Taylor]] (pictured) has been mentioned as an intellectual representative of the alt-right.<ref name="tuttle"/>]] |
[[File:2008 Jared Taylor.jpg|right|160px|thumb|[[Jared Taylor]] (pictured) has been mentioned as an intellectual representative of the alt-right.<ref name="tuttle"/>]] |
||
In ''[[National Review]]'' in April, Ian Tuttle wrote, "The Alt-Right has evangelized over the last several months primarily via a racist and antisemitic online presence. But for Allum Bokhari and [[Milo Yiannopoulos]], the Alt-Right consists of fun-loving provocateurs, valiant defenders of Western civilization, daring intellectuals—and a handful of neo-Nazis keen on a [[Final Solution]] 2.0, but there are only a few of them, and nobody likes them anyways."<ref name="tuttle"/> Bokhari and Yiannopoulos describe [[Jared Taylor]], founder of ''[[American Renaissance (magazine)|American Renaissance]]'', and Richard B. Spencer, founder of ''[[Alternative Right]]'', as representative of intellectuals in the alt-right.<ref name="tuttle"/><ref name="MY1"/> [[Cathy Young]], writing in ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]'', stated that the website ''RadixJournal'' had replaced the ''Alternative Right'' website, and describes a ''RadixJournal'' article on [[abortion]] which proclaimed that the [[pro-life]] position is "'[[dysgenics|dysgenic]],' since it encourages breeding by 'the least intelligent and responsible' women."<ref name= CY150414/> |
In ''[[National Review]]'' in April, Ian Tuttle wrote, "The Alt-Right has evangelized over the last several months primarily via a racist and antisemitic online presence. But for Allum Bokhari and [[Milo Yiannopoulos]], the Alt-Right consists of fun-loving provocateurs, valiant defenders of Western civilization, daring intellectuals—and a handful of neo-Nazis keen on a [[Final Solution]] 2.0, but there are only a few of them, and nobody likes them anyways."<ref name="tuttle"/> Bokhari and Yiannopoulos describe [[Jared Taylor]], founder of ''[[American Renaissance (magazine)|American Renaissance]]'', and Richard B. Spencer, founder of ''[[Alternative Right]]'', as representative of intellectuals in the alt-right.<ref name="tuttle"/><ref name="MY1"/> [[Cathy Young]], writing in ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]'', stated that the website ''RadixJournal'' had replaced the ''Alternative Right'' website, and describes a ''RadixJournal'' article on [[abortion]] which proclaimed that the [[pro-life]] position is "'[[dysgenics|dysgenic]],' since it encourages breeding by 'the least intelligent and responsible' women."<ref name= CY150414/> |
||
In ''Newsday'', Young called the alt-right "a nest of anti-Semitism" inhabited by "white supremacists" who regularly use "repulsive bigotry".<ref name="newsday1"/> [[Chris Hayes (journalist)|Chris Hayes]] on ''[[All In with Chris Hayes]]'' described alt-right as a euphemistic term for "essentially modern-day white supremacy."<ref name="MSNBC"/> |
In ''Newsday'', Young called the alt-right "a nest of anti-Semitism" inhabited by "white supremacists" who regularly use "repulsive bigotry".<ref name="newsday1"/> [[Chris Hayes (journalist)|Chris Hayes]] on ''[[All In with Chris Hayes]]'' described alt-right as a euphemistic term for "essentially modern-day white supremacy."<ref name="MSNBC"/> ''[[BuzzFeed]]'' reporter Rosie Gray described the alt-right as "white supremacy perfectly tailored for our times," saying that it uses "aggressive rhetoric and outright racial and anti-Semitic slurs" and that it has "more in common with European far-right movements than American ones."<ref name="buzzfeed1">{{cite web|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/how-2015-fueled-the-rise-of-the-freewheeling-white-nationali |title=How 2015 Fueled The Rise Of The Freewheeling, White Nationalist Alt Right Movement – BuzzFeed News |publisher=Buzzfeed |date=July 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 5, 2016|last=Gray|first=Rosie}}</ref> Yishai Schwartz, writing for ''[[Haaretz]]'', described the alt-right as "vitriolically anti-Semitic," saying that "The 'alternative' that the alt-right presents is, in large part, an alternative to acceptance of Jews," and warned that it must be taken seriously as a threat.<ref name="Haaretz"/> |
||
According to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], ''[[Breitbart News]]'' has become a popular outlet for alt-right views.<ref name="splcbreitbart"/> |
|||
On August 25, 2016, Democratic presidential candidate [[Hillary Clinton]] devoted a speech to denouncing the alt-right and linking it to [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump's presidential campaign]].<ref name=BusinessInsiderHillary/><ref name=SlateHillary/> |
On August 25, 2016, Democratic presidential candidate [[Hillary Clinton]] devoted a speech to denouncing the alt-right and linking it to [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|Donald Trump's presidential campaign]].<ref name=BusinessInsiderHillary/><ref name=SlateHillary/> |
||
Line 63: | Line 65: | ||
<ref name="NYTechoes">{{cite news|author=Hess, Amanda|title=For the Alt-Right, the Message Is in the Punctuation|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/arts/for-the-alt-right-the-message-is-in-the-punctuation.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 10, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="NYTechoes">{{cite news|author=Hess, Amanda|title=For the Alt-Right, the Message Is in the Punctuation|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/arts/for-the-alt-right-the-message-is-in-the-punctuation.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 10, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news|last=Ohlheiser|first=Abby|title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="WPechoes">{{cite news|last=Ohlheiser|first=Abby|title=Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/06/03/anti-semitic-trump-supporters-made-a-giant-list-of-people-to-target-with-a-racist-meme/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="VoxEchoes">{{cite news|author=Yglesias, Matthew|title=The (((echo))), explained|url=http://www.vox.com/2016/6/6/11860796/echo-explained-parentheses-twitter|publisher=Vox|date=June 6, 2016}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=vox160607>{{cite news|url=http://www.vox.com/2016/4/18/11434098/alt-right-explained|title=The alt-right is more than warmed-over white supremacy. It's that, but way way weirder.|date=April 18, 2016|author= Dylan Matthews|publisher=VOX|accessdate=June 7, 2016}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=MY1>{{cite web|url=http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/03/29/an-establishment-conservatives-guide-to-the-alt-right/|title=An Establishment Conservative's Guide To The Alt-Right|date=March 29, 2016|publisher=Breitbart|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name=MY1>{{cite web|url=http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/03/29/an-establishment-conservatives-guide-to-the-alt-right/|title=An Establishment Conservative's Guide To The Alt-Right|date=March 29, 2016|publisher=Breitbart|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=CY150414>{{cite web|url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/14/you-cant-whitewash-the-alt-rights-bigotry/|title=You Can't Whitewash The Alt-Right's Bigotry|first=Cathy|last=Young|accessdate=June 9, 2016|work=The Federalist}}</ref> |
<ref name=CY150414>{{cite web|url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/14/you-cant-whitewash-the-alt-rights-bigotry/|title=You Can't Whitewash The Alt-Right's Bigotry|first=Cathy|last=Young|accessdate=June 9, 2016|work=The Federalist}}</ref> |
||
Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
<ref name=CNNexplained>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/|title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?|author=Gregory Krieg|accessdate=August 25, 2016|date=August 25, 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref> |
<ref name=CNNexplained>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/|title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?|author=Gregory Krieg|accessdate=August 25, 2016|date=August 25, 2016|publisher=CNN}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=BusinessInsiderHillary>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/hillary-clinton-alt-right-donald-trump-speech-2016-8|title=Hillary Clinton: 'A fringe element has effectively taken over the Republican Party'|author=Maxwell Tani|accessdate=August 25, 2016|date=August 25, 2016|work=Business Insider}}</ref> |
<ref name=BusinessInsiderHillary>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/hillary-clinton-alt-right-donald-trump-speech-2016-8|title=Hillary Clinton: 'A fringe element has effectively taken over the Republican Party'|author=Maxwell Tani|accessdate=August 25, 2016|date=August 25, 2016|work=Business Insider}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Mic">{{cite web|url=https://mic.com/articles/144228/echoes-exposed-the-secret-symbol-neo-nazis-use-to-target-jews-online#.P1xigW3km|title=(((Echoes))), Exposed: The Secret Symbol Neo-Nazis Use to Target Jews Online|publisher=mic.com}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name="nationalpost">{{cite news |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/colby-cosh-at-some-point-people-will-tire-of-being-urged-to-progress-while-being-told-that-none-has-ever-happened|title=Colby Cosh:At some point, people will tire of being urged to progress while being told that none has ever happened|newspaper=National Post}}</ref> |
<ref name="nationalpost">{{cite news |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/colby-cosh-at-some-point-people-will-tire-of-being-urged-to-progress-while-being-told-that-none-has-ever-happened|title=Colby Cosh:At some point, people will tire of being urged to progress while being told that none has ever happened|newspaper=National Post}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="Hawley2016">{{cite book|author=George Hawley|title=Right-Wing Critics of American Conservatism|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bTD4jgEACAAJ|date=January 25, 2016|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-2193-4|page=69}}</ref> |
<ref name="Hawley2016">{{cite book|author=George Hawley|title=Right-Wing Critics of American Conservatism|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bTD4jgEACAAJ|date=January 25, 2016|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-2193-4|page=69}}</ref> |
||
Line 81: | Line 80: | ||
<ref name="weeklystandard2">{{cite news |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/an-open-letter-to-mitt-romney/article/2002732|title=An Open Letter to Mitt Romney|work=The Weekly Standard}}</ref> |
<ref name="weeklystandard2">{{cite news |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/an-open-letter-to-mitt-romney/article/2002732|title=An Open Letter to Mitt Romney|work=The Weekly Standard}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="splcbreitbart">{{cite web|last1=Piggott|first1=Stephen|title=Is Breitbart.com Becoming the Media Arm of the 'Alt-Right'?|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/04/28/breitbartcom-becoming-media-arm-alt-right |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=May 2, 2016}}</ref> |
<ref name="splcbreitbart">{{cite web|last1=Piggott|first1=Stephen|title=Is Breitbart.com Becoming the Media Arm of the 'Alt-Right'?|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/04/28/breitbartcom-becoming-media-arm-alt-right |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=May 2, 2016}}</ref> |
||
<ref name="buzzfeed1">{{cite web|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/how-2015-fueled-the-rise-of-the-freewheeling-white-nationali |title=How 2015 Fueled The Rise Of The Freewheeling, White Nationalist Alt Right Movement – BuzzFeed News |publisher=Buzzfeed |date=July 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 5, 2016|last=Gray|first=Rosie}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=SlateHillary>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2016/08/why_hillary_clinton_is_talking_about_donald_trump_and_the_alt_right.html|title=How the “Hipster Nazis” of the Alt Right Got Big Enough for Hillary Clinton to Denounce Them|author=Michelle Goldberg|accessdate=August 25, 2016|date=August 25, 2016|work=Slate}}</ref> |
<ref name=SlateHillary>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2016/08/why_hillary_clinton_is_talking_about_donald_trump_and_the_alt_right.html|title=How the “Hipster Nazis” of the Alt Right Got Big Enough for Hillary Clinton to Denounce Them|author=Michelle Goldberg|accessdate=August 25, 2016|date=August 25, 2016|work=Slate}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
Revision as of 23:04, 30 August 2016
Part of a series on |
Conservatism |
---|
Part of a series on |
Nationalism |
---|
The alt-right is a segment of right-wing ideologies presented as an alternative to mainstream conservatism in the United States.[1][2] It has been described as a movement unified by support for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump,[3][4] as well as by opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.[5]
The alt-right has no official ideology, although various sources have said that it is associated with white nationalism,[5][6][7] white supremacism,[3][8][9] antisemitism,[5][7][10] right-wing populism,[6][11] nativism,[12][13] and the neoreactionary movement.[14][15]
The alt-right has been said to be a largely online movement with Internet memes widely used to advance or express its beliefs, often on websites such as 4chan.[10][16][17]
Etymology
In November 2008, Paul Gottfried addressed the H. L. Mencken Club about what he called "the alternative right".[18][19] In 2009, two more posts at Taki's Magazine, by Patrick J. Ford and Jack Hunter, further discussed the alternative right.[20][21] The term's modern usage, however, is most commonly attributed to white nationalist and self-described "identitarian" Richard B. Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute and founder of Alternative Right.[6][22]
Beliefs
The alt-right has no official ideology. The Associated Press stated that there is "no one way to define its ideology"[23] and the BBC has called it an "amorphous movement".[24] The alt-right has been said to include elements of white nationalism,[6][7][5] white supremacism,[3][8][9] antisemitism,[5][7][10] right-wing populism,[6][11] nativism,[12][13] and the neoreactionary movement.[14][15]
Jeet Heer of The New Republic identified the alt-right as having ideological origins among paleoconservatives, particularly with respect to restricting immigration and supporting a more openly nationalistic foreign policy.[25] Newsday columnist Cathy Young also noted the alt-right's strong opposition to both legal and illegal immigration and its hard-line stance on the European migrant crisis.[26] Robert Tracinski of The Federalist has written that the alt-right opposes miscegenation and advocates collectivism and tribalism.[27] Nicole Hemmer stated on NPR that political correctness is seen by the alt-right as "the greatest threat to their liberty."[28]
Commonalities shared across the loosely-defined alt-right include disdain for mainstream politics and support for Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.[6][29]
Use of memes
The alt-right's use of Internet memes to advance or express its beliefs, often on websites such as 4chan, has been widely reported.[10][16][17] Adherents of the ideology have, for instance, been credited for originating the term cuckservative, a portmanteau of "cuckold" and "conservative".[30] Another example is the use of triple parentheses or "echoes" to identify and target Jews online, which originated on the blog The Right Stuff.[3][10] The prevalence of memes in alt-right circles has led some commentators to question whether the alt-right is a serious movement rather than just an alternative way to express traditionally conservative beliefs,[6][10] with provoking a media reaction to these memes being for some creators an end in itself[31]
Reaction
Although some conservatives have welcomed the alt-right, others on the mainstream right and left have criticized it as racist or hateful,[26][32] particularly given its overt hostility to mainstream conservatism and the Republican Party.[33][34]
David A. French, writing for National Review, called alt-right proponents "wanna-be fascists" and bemoaned their entry into the national political conversation.[35]
Benjamin Welton, writing for The Weekly Standard, described the group as a "highly heterogeneous force" that refuses to "concede the moral high ground to the left."[1]
Benjamin Wallace-Wells, writing for The New Yorker, described it as a "loosely assembled far-right movement," but said that its differences from the conventional right-wing in American politics are more a matter of style than of substance: "One way to understand the alt-right is not as a movement but as a collective experiment in identity, in the same way that many people use anonymity on the Internet to test more extreme versions of themselves."[6]
Professor George Hawley of the University of Alabama suggested that the alt-right may pose a greater threat to progressivism than the mainstream conservative movement.[36]
Commentary
In National Review in April, Ian Tuttle wrote, "The Alt-Right has evangelized over the last several months primarily via a racist and antisemitic online presence. But for Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos, the Alt-Right consists of fun-loving provocateurs, valiant defenders of Western civilization, daring intellectuals—and a handful of neo-Nazis keen on a Final Solution 2.0, but there are only a few of them, and nobody likes them anyways."[37] Bokhari and Yiannopoulos describe Jared Taylor, founder of American Renaissance, and Richard B. Spencer, founder of Alternative Right, as representative of intellectuals in the alt-right.[37][38] Cathy Young, writing in The Federalist, stated that the website RadixJournal had replaced the Alternative Right website, and describes a RadixJournal article on abortion which proclaimed that the pro-life position is "'dysgenic,' since it encourages breeding by 'the least intelligent and responsible' women."[39]
In Newsday, Young called the alt-right "a nest of anti-Semitism" inhabited by "white supremacists" who regularly use "repulsive bigotry".[26] Chris Hayes on All In with Chris Hayes described alt-right as a euphemistic term for "essentially modern-day white supremacy."[40] BuzzFeed reporter Rosie Gray described the alt-right as "white supremacy perfectly tailored for our times," saying that it uses "aggressive rhetoric and outright racial and anti-Semitic slurs" and that it has "more in common with European far-right movements than American ones."[41] Yishai Schwartz, writing for Haaretz, described the alt-right as "vitriolically anti-Semitic," saying that "The 'alternative' that the alt-right presents is, in large part, an alternative to acceptance of Jews," and warned that it must be taken seriously as a threat.[42]
According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, Breitbart News has become a popular outlet for alt-right views.[43]
On August 25, 2016, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton devoted a speech to denouncing the alt-right and linking it to Donald Trump's presidential campaign.[44][45]
See also
References
- ^ a b Welton, Benjamin (February 1, 2016). "What, Exactly, is the 'Alternative Right?'". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Ponnuru, Ramesh. "The "alt-right" makes dubious claims on conservatism". The Denver Post.
- ^ a b c d Ohlheiser, Abby (June 3, 2016). "Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme". The Washington Post.
- ^ Betsy Woodruff. "Rush Limbaugh's Favorite New White-Power Group". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Gregory Krieg (August 25, 2016). "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?". CNN. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (May 5, 2016). "Is the Alt-Right for real?". The New Yorker.
- ^ a b c d Tierney McAfee (August 25, 2016). "What Is the Alt-Right Anyway? A User's Guide". People. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ a b Benjy Sarlin (August 25, 2016). "5 Things to Know About the 'Alt-Right'". NBC News. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ a b "Alt-right gains prominence". Financial Times.
- ^ a b c d e f Hess, Amanda (June 10, 2016). "For the Alt-Right, the Message Is in the Punctuation". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Chaitin, Daniel. "Study: Online Trump supporters 'aren't afraid to let curse words fly'". The Gazette.
- ^ a b Liu, Kevin. "Demystifying the Alt-Right". The Michigan Review.
- ^ a b Becker, Amanda. "Clinton to accuse Trump of embracing nativist political movement". Reuters.
- ^ a b "Colby Cosh:At some point, people will tire of being urged to progress while being told that none has ever happened". National Post.
- ^ a b Brodeur, Michael. "What's 'alt-' about the alt-right?". The Boston Globe.
- ^ a b Jesse Singal (May 26, 2016). "Explaining Ben Shapiro's Messy, Ethnic-Slur-Laden Breakup With Breitbart". New York. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
- ^ a b Jake Kivanç (June 15, 2016). "Nero, Nazis, and the New Far Right: The Phenomena of the Professional Troll". Vice. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
- ^ Gottfried, Paul (January 22, 2016). "The Decline and Rise of the Alternative Right". The Unz Review. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Gottfried, Paul (December 1, 2008). "The Decline and Rise of the Alternative Right". Taki's Magazine.
- ^ Theodoracopulos, Taki (July 27, 2009). "Economism in the Alt Right". Taki's Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Hunter, Jack (November 3, 2009). "Whither the Alternative Right?". Taki's Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Larry Keller (March 15, 2010). "Paleocon Starts New Extreme-Right Magazine". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ "Clinton sees Trump ties to 'alt-right' dystopian ideology". Associated Press.
- ^ Wendling, Mike. "Trump's shock troops: Who are the 'alt-right'?". BBC News.
- ^ Heer, Jeet (January 22, 2016). "National Review Fails to Kill Its Monster". The New Republic.
- ^ a b c Cathy Young (January 25, 2016). "Donald Trump's rant against political correctness is comfort food to racists". Newsday. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Tracinski, Robert (April 4, 2016). "Yes, the Alt-Right Are Just a Bunch of Racists". The Federalist. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ "What You Need To Know About The Alt-Right Movement". NPR.org. August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
- ^ News, ABC. "'Alt-Right' Hashtag Spurs Racism, Rebukes During Speech".
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ Weigel, David. "'Cuckservative' – the conservative insult of the month, explained". The Washington Post.
- ^ Gourarie, Chava (August 30, 2016). "How the 'alt-right' checkmated the media". Columbia Journalism Review.
- ^ Robert Tracinski. "Yes, The Alt-Right Are Just a Bunch of Racists". The Federalist. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- ^ "An Open Letter to Mitt Romney". The Weekly Standard.
- ^ Shapiro, Ben. "The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America: Then and Now". National Review.
- ^ French, David (January 26, 2016). "Donald Trump & Alt-Right's Rise – Not Conservatives Fault". National Review. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ George Hawley (January 25, 2016). Right-Wing Critics of American Conservatism. University Press of Kansas. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7006-2193-4.
- ^ a b c Tuttle, Ian. "The Racist Moral Rot at the Heart of the Alt-Right". National Review. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
- ^ "An Establishment Conservative's Guide To The Alt-Right". Breitbart. March 29, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ Young, Cathy. "You Can't Whitewash The Alt-Right's Bigotry". The Federalist. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- ^ "All In with Chris Hayes, Transcript 12/9/2015". MSNBC. December 9, 2015.
- ^ Gray, Rosie (July 7, 2015). "How 2015 Fueled The Rise Of The Freewheeling, White Nationalist Alt Right Movement – BuzzFeed News". Buzzfeed. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Schwartz, Yishai (May 31, 2016). "Banal, Incoherent, anti-Semitic and pro-Trump: Why We Should Take the Alt-right Seriously". Haaretz.
- ^ Piggott, Stephen. "Is Breitbart.com Becoming the Media Arm of the 'Alt-Right'?". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
- ^ Maxwell Tani (August 25, 2016). "Hillary Clinton: 'A fringe element has effectively taken over the Republican Party'". Business Insider. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- ^ Michelle Goldberg (August 25, 2016). "How the "Hipster Nazis" of the Alt Right Got Big Enough for Hillary Clinton to Denounce Them". Slate. Retrieved August 25, 2016.