ScienceMan123 (talk | contribs) m →Appointment of Special Rapporteur: improving awkward wording |
ScienceMan123 (talk | contribs) Adding new section based on Blackwell's excellent article from today: Effect of interference on Conservative Party stance towards China |
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The Coordinator for Strategic Communications for the [[United States National Security Council|US National Security Council]], [[John Kirby (admiral)|John Kirby]], said later in March that intelligence leaks and allegations of election interference had not damaged Canada's relationship with other [[Five Eyes]] partners, saying that the investigations and Parliamentary reviews underway were the correct way to proceed.<ref name="Paas-Lang1">{{Cite news |first=Christian |last=Paas-Lang |date=2023-03-26 |title=Canadian leaks have not damaged intelligence sharing relationship, senior U.S. official says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/kirby-no-breach-of-trust-five-eyes-canada-leaks-1.6791542 |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref> |
The Coordinator for Strategic Communications for the [[United States National Security Council|US National Security Council]], [[John Kirby (admiral)|John Kirby]], said later in March that intelligence leaks and allegations of election interference had not damaged Canada's relationship with other [[Five Eyes]] partners, saying that the investigations and Parliamentary reviews underway were the correct way to proceed.<ref name="Paas-Lang1">{{Cite news |first=Christian |last=Paas-Lang |date=2023-03-26 |title=Canadian leaks have not damaged intelligence sharing relationship, senior U.S. official says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/kirby-no-breach-of-trust-five-eyes-canada-leaks-1.6791542 |work=[[CBC News]] |access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref> |
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== Effect of interference on Conservative Party stance towards China== |
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<!--- Could use more sources for this section, mostly based on a single information-dense news article ---> |
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Beijing critics have noted that the Conservative Party has softened their stance on China since Erin O'Toole's defeat in the 2021 election.<ref name="BlackwellConSoftening">{{cite news |last1=Blackwell |first1=Tom |title=Conservatives have softened China stance since riding losses in 2021 election, critics say |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/conservatives-china-election-interference |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=National Post |date=27 March 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref> According to Michel Juneau-Katsuya, a former head of CSIS’s Asia-Pacific desk, moderation in the Conservative stance indicates that "the Chinese have successfully scared and bullied the Conservatives."<ref name="BlackwellConSoftening"/> Pierre Poilievre's office denies that the party changed its position after the last election.<ref name="BlackwellConSoftening"/> However, Uyghur Rights activists note that the Conservative Party stopped raising the issue of Uyghur repression in China in Question Period immediately after the 2021 election, a dramatic change that "shows the interference is working."<ref name="BlackwellConSoftening"/> |
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Concerns about the Conservatives' softening China stance were raised when Poilievre sat next to two individuals with known ties to the Communist Party of China at a January 2023 luncheon - individuals noted for criticizing Canada's public condemnation of human rights abuses in China, supporting Taiwanese reunification, and blaming Canada for instigated the diplomatic feud resulting in the imprisonment of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig.<ref name="BlackwellConSoftening"/> One of these individuals at the luncheon had reportedly urged O'Toole to resign after the 2021 election, citing the Conservative platform's central focus on challenging China.<ref name="BlackwellOtooleResignationPressure">{{cite news |last1=Blackwell |first1=Tom |title=Chinese-Canadian Tories urge O'Toole to resign, saying tough-on-China platform alienated voters |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/chinese-canadian-tories-urge-otoole-to-resign-saying-tough-on-china-platform-alienated-voters |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=National Post |date=13 October 2021 |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref name="BlackwellConSoftening"/> |
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==Appointment of Special Rapporteur== |
==Appointment of Special Rapporteur== |
Revision as of 00:57, 28 March 2023
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Prime Minister of Canada Policies Budgets 42nd Parliament (2015–2019) 43rd and 44th Parliaments (2019–present) Controversies and scandals Leader of the Liberal Party Elections Common Ground |
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In late 2022, Global News reported on a suspected attempt by the People's Republic of China to infiltrate the Parliament of Canada by funding a network of candidates to run in the country’s 2019 federal election.[1][2][3][4][5]
Background
Chinese overseas operations in Canada have allegedly risen to the extent that they represent an alarming security threat to the United States, which has conducted a secret probe of the issue, according to former Canadian and US intelligence officials.[6] These operations consist of espionage, compromise of politicians and government officials, election interference, and control of individuals and companies with ties to China, such as via foreign police stations.[7][8]
Advance warnings by intelligence officials
In June 2017, the Canadian National Security Advisor drafted a Memorandum for the Prime Minister, advising Prime Minister Justin Trudeau that Chinese agents were "assisting Canadian candidates running for political offices."[9] This document, which was copied to the Clerk of the Privy Council, went on to say that officials had documented evidence of China attempting to infiltrate "all levels of government" and alleged that, “[t]here is a substantial body of evidence that Chinese officials are actively pursuing a strategy of engagement to influence Canadian officials in ways that can compromise the security of Canada and the integrity of Canadian institutions.”[9]
Trudeau received a classified report from the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP) in August 2019; it warned that public officials across all levels of government were being targeted and the government had been "slow to react to the threat of foreign interference" and "must do better".[10] A redacted copy of the report was subsequently released in March 2020.[10][11]
Security officials reportedly gave an "urgent, classified briefing" to Liberal Party officials three weeks before the federal election in 2019, "warning them that one of their candidates was part of a Chinese foreign interference network"—referring to Han Dong—but, this was ignored by the Liberal Party.[12]
Alleged interference during 2019 election
The alleged plot to infiltrate the 2019 election was made public through a November 7, 2022, investigative report by Global News.[1]
Unconfirmed, anonymous sources for the report claimed that gathered intelligence suggested that a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proxy group mobilized around CA$250,000 to fund the infiltration network through a staffer for an election candidate and a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, who both acted as intermediaries.[1] Recipients of the donations allegedly included at least 11 candidates and members of their campaign staff, 13 or more federal aides, an Ontario MPP, and unelected public officials according to a January 2022 Privy Council Office "Special Report." The PCO "Special Report" was prepared from information derived from 100 Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) documents.[9][1] The sources also said that the candidates were members of Canada’s two main political parties (the Liberal Party of Canada and Conservative Party of Canada), and that some of them were “witting affiliates of the Chinese Communist Party.”[1]
Dong has denied the allegations made against him, saying his 2019 nomination was "open and followed the rules" and that he was not a witting affiliate.[12] In March 2023, he said that he was yet to be contacted by the RCMP, Elections Canada or CSIS concerning the allegations, and that he wanted the truth to come out.[13]
In March 2023, Global News reported that Vincent Ke, was the Ontario MPP alleged to have served as a financial intermediary for the Chinese consulate as part of election interference efforts.[14] On the same day, Ke denied the allegations and resigned from his role as parliamentary secretary and from the Ontario PC caucus to sit as an independent.[15][16] The office of the Premier of Ontario had received a CSIS briefing about Ke in November 2022.[17]
Alleged interference during 2021 election
A year following the 2021 Canadian federal election, Conservative Party politicians, including former leader Erin O'Toole, blamed Chinese government interference as a factor behind the loss for the party. In a 2022 interview on the UnCommons podcast with Nathaniel Erskine-Smith, O'Toole opined that media outfits linked to the CCP could have cost the Conservatives up to "eight or nine seats."[18] The Conservative Party believes that their candidates were targeted by foreign interference in 13 federal ridings.[19] The Conservative party was regularly briefed by CSIS on foreign interference during the 2021 election campaign.[19] The party believes that foreign influence included foreign government-paid campaign workers, illegal advertising, and manipulation and misinformation on social media including WeChat and Weibo.[19]
O'Toole's beliefs were supported by Conservative MP and foreign affairs critic Michael Chong who stated that while the party was initially hesitant to blame China for influencing the vote due to inconclusive evidence at the time, he now believed, "The communist leadership in Beijing did interfere in the last federal election by spreading disinformation through proxies on Chinese-language social media platforms that contributed to the defeat of a number of Conservative MPs", citing a report by McGill University. Similar views were shared by O'Toole's director of parliamentary affairs Mitch Heimpel, who claimed Canadian national security officers had contacted the Conservatives around election day to express concerns about potential foreign interference. Heimpel also cited the example of former Conservative MP Kenny Chiu who had been targeted by a misinformation campaign on the Chinese social media platform WeChat. Research into alleged electoral interference by McGill University indicated that there was no specific data to draw a full conclusion on the impact of potential interference and noted, "Canadian-Chinese issues were not central to the campaign nor were they top of mind for voters" but concurred that researchers had found Chinese state media had worked "with an apparent aim to convince Canadians of Chinese origin to vote against the Conservative Party."[20][21]
Global News reported allegations that, in February 2021, Dong told the Chinese Consul General in Toronto not to release Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig because doing so would politically benefit the Conservatives.[22] Subsequently, Justin Trudeau announced that Kovrig and Spavor had been released from detention four days after the 2021 election.[23] Upon voluntarily stepping down from the Liberal caucus, Dong confirmed that he spoke to the Consul General, but denied that he advised against releasing Spavor or Kovrig.[22] The Globe and Mail reported that a few weeks earlier the PMO had reviewed a transcript of the conversation but concluded that it was not “actionable evidence”.[24]
Parties allegedly involved
Chinese Consulate in Toronto
According to the Global News report, the consulate directed the transfer of funds during the 2019 election.[1] The report also said that a member in the consulate directed a staffer for unnamed federal election candidates to monitor and interfere with their engagement activities. The interference efforts included preventing meetings with representatives of Taiwan.[1]
Chinese Consulate in Vancouver
According to classified CSIS reports reviewed by the Globe and Mail, China’s former consul-general in Vancouver, Tong Xiaoling, boasted in 2021 about how she helped defeat two Conservative MPs.[25] After this was reported in the press, senior officials at Global Affairs of Canada reached out to Tong.[25] A Jan 10, 2022, CSIS report viewed by The Globe and Mail outlined how the consulate and Tong also interfered in the 2022 Vancouver municipal election to replace the mayor and elect pro-Beijing councillors.[26] Previous Vancouver mayor Kennedy Stewart, who was critical of the Chinese government, would like to see Ottawa expand its inquiry into Beijing’s interference in the 2019 and 2021 federal elections to municipal and provincial politics as well.[26] Current Vancouver mayor Ken Sim denounced the accusations of interference as racially-motivated.[27]
United Front Work Department
According to the Global News report, several candidates in the alleged 2019 election infiltration network met with officials from the CCP's United Front Work Department. CSIS’s documents said the organization’s activities in Canada has facilitated interference operations by the Ministry of State Security, China's principal civilian intelligence agency, and that its members in Canada has operated from Chinese consulates in Canada.[1]
Aftermath
Four months after the 2019 election, details of the alleged Chinese infiltration network were described in a PCO report entitled "PRC Foreign Interference: 2019 Elections."[9] The PCO report was presented to senior Liberal Party officials, and described how the Chinese Consulate in Toronto used an extensive network of community groups to conceal the flow of funds between Chinese officials and network members.[9] “This network involves the Chinese consulate, local community leaders, Canadian politicians, and their staff,” the 2020 PCO report said.[9] “Under broad guidance from the consulate, co-opted staff of targeted politicians provide advice on China-related issues, and community leaders facilitate the clandestine transfer of funds and recruit potential targets.”[9]
A report by the CSIS that was reviewed by Global News in December 2021 described Chinese consulate officials as believing that, "it is easy to influence Chinese immigrants to agree with PRC's stance" and claimed thatm “the Liberal Party of Canada is becoming the only party that the People's Republic of China can support."[12] The report was distributed to the CIA and FBI, as well as Australian, New Zealand, and British intelligence services.[12]
CSIS then said, following news reports in November 2022, that they had identified PRC foreign interference in Canada, which it defined to include election interference through covert foreign political financing.[1] Trudeau said that although China has been “continuing to play aggressive games with our institutions, with our democracies”, his government has been undertaking measures to combat “foreign interference of our democracy and institutions.”[28] On November 9, a request was made by a bipartisan group of Canadian MPs to convene an emergency meeting in order to discuss the interference allegations detailed in the Global News report.[29] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated in 2021 regarding the alleged plot that, "I do not have any information, nor have I been briefed on any federal candidates receiving any money from China".[30]
Also in the autumn of 2022, the Chinese government made a visa application for a new position at its Embassy in Ottawa.[31] Following a review of the application by Global Affairs Canada, the department concluded that the position was "transparently not a diplomatic position", likely meant instead for a political operative.[32] A diplomatic visa was denied.[31]
In response to further reports in February 2023, Trudeau claimed that "[he] never got briefings on candidates receiving money from China.”[9] However, anonymous, unconfirmed sources who spoke to Global News described years of "interactive" dialogue between senior intelligence officials and Trudeau's office regarding China's incursions into Canadian elections.[9] These same officials stated that the prime minister's office has been reticent to adopt legal reforms already undertaken by Canada’s allies, and one of the officials described this inaction as "inexcusable."[9] According to an anonymous CSIS official, “the floodgates have been opened in the last five years. There has been ample evidence placed in front of the Liberal Party of Canada, and they have done essentially nothing.”[9]
Trudeau, in March 2023, instructed NSICOP to investigate foreign interference in Canada, with a special eye on election meddling.[10] During the press conference Trudeau admitted that his government had not acted on many of the recommendations made in previous reports from NSICOP.[10][33] In its 2021 review, provided to Trudeau in May 2022, the body had asked the government to respond to the recommendations made in its previous seven reviews.[10][34] In the March 2023, press conference Trudeau said that his government would now respond to those recommendations within 30 days.[10]
Liberal MPs filibustered an opposition motion in the Committee on Procedure and House Affairs (PROC) on March 7, 2023, which sought to require the Prime Minister’s chief of staff, Katie Telford to testify concerning election interference and intelligence briefings.[35] When the committee was to resume in the afternoon, Liberal committee members did not attend, denying the committee the quorum needed to resume.[35]
Faced with questions from reporters on March 8, 2023, Trudeau said "I know that no matter what I say, Canadians continue to have questions about what [the government] did and what we didn't".[36]
Liberal members of PROC continued a filibuster the following week where they read newspaper articles into the record, talked about personal overseas travel and their university days, in order to prevent a vote on a motion to subpoena Telford.[37][38] Conservative MP Michael Cooper asked the committee to vote on the motion, saying that the filibuster had already continued for "more than 14 hours, over four days".[39] The committee meeting was suspended after 10:00 pm without the motion coming to a vote.[38]
On March 20, Conservative MPs tabled a motion in the House of Commons to compel Telford to testify before the Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics (ETHI) concerning election interference.[40] The following day, hours before the motion was scheduled to be voted on, it was announced that the government would permit Telford to testify at PROC.[41] Following the announcement, the Conservative motion was defeated 177 to 145, with Liberal and NDP MPs voting against the motion.[41] A related motion requiring Telford to testify, and inviting Jenni Byrne and others, ultimately passed at PROC.[41]
The House of Commons passed a non-binding motion on March 23, calling for a public inquiry into foreign election interference.[42] The motion passed 172 to 149, with Conservative, NDP, Bloc Quebecois and Green MPs voting in favour, and Liberals voting against.[42][43] Han Dong, sitting as an independent, also voted in favour of the motion.[42][44]
The Coordinator for Strategic Communications for the US National Security Council, John Kirby, said later in March that intelligence leaks and allegations of election interference had not damaged Canada's relationship with other Five Eyes partners, saying that the investigations and Parliamentary reviews underway were the correct way to proceed.[45]
Effect of interference on Conservative Party stance towards China
Beijing critics have noted that the Conservative Party has softened their stance on China since Erin O'Toole's defeat in the 2021 election.[46] According to Michel Juneau-Katsuya, a former head of CSIS’s Asia-Pacific desk, moderation in the Conservative stance indicates that "the Chinese have successfully scared and bullied the Conservatives."[46] Pierre Poilievre's office denies that the party changed its position after the last election.[46] However, Uyghur Rights activists note that the Conservative Party stopped raising the issue of Uyghur repression in China in Question Period immediately after the 2021 election, a dramatic change that "shows the interference is working."[46]
Concerns about the Conservatives' softening China stance were raised when Poilievre sat next to two individuals with known ties to the Communist Party of China at a January 2023 luncheon - individuals noted for criticizing Canada's public condemnation of human rights abuses in China, supporting Taiwanese reunification, and blaming Canada for instigated the diplomatic feud resulting in the imprisonment of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig.[46] One of these individuals at the luncheon had reportedly urged O'Toole to resign after the 2021 election, citing the Conservative platform's central focus on challenging China.[47][46]
Appointment of Special Rapporteur
Trudeau announced in March 2023 that he would be appointing a special rapporteur to "make expert recommendations on protecting and enhancing Canadians' faith in our democracy",[48] stating the rapporteur would be named within weeks.[50] Later that month, Trudeau named former Governor General David Johnston as independent special rapporteur. Johnston was "tasked with helping protect the integrity of Canada's democracy."[51]
The leaders of the Conservative and Bloc parties, as well as some journalists, raised concerns about the appointment, pointing to Johnston's relationship with the Trudeau family;[51] membership in the Trudeau Foundation;[52][53] state visits to China he made as governor general, at the direction of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, in 2015, and Trudeau, in 2017;[54] Johnston's perceived connections to China and past efforts to improve Canada–China relations;[55] and his role in framing the Oliphant Commission, which investigated the Airbus affair, involving Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.[56][55] It was noted the Conservatives had "promised to [reject the rapporteur] all along."[57]
Trudeau claimed that all parties had been consulted prior to Johnston's appointment; but, the NDP indicated that Johnston's name was not raised with them during the consultations.[58] Nonetheless, the NDP expressed its support for Johnston's appointment. Similarly, journalists praised the choice of Johnston, citing his experience as a legal scholar and dean of law and the trust placed in him by the Conservative Harper to act as an impartial referee while serving as governor general during a time of parliamentary instability[61] and calling Johnston an "inspired choice" and one of the few "figures in Canadian life whose word can[not] be more trusted".[60] While John Ibbitson lamented that the appointment may damage Johnson's reputation,[62] Rick Salutin wrote that, "the real test of neutrality shouldn’t be that everyone (powerful) respects you; it's whether you've offended any of them because they deserved it."[57]
Cabinet released the terms of reference on March 21, 2023.[63][64] Johnston is to reach a decision about whether the government should call a public inquiry by May 23, 2023, and complete the remainder of his review by October 31, 2023.[64]
See also
- Foreign electoral intervention
- Entryism
- 2019 Australian Parliament infiltration plot
- 1996 United States campaign finance controversy
- Geng Tan
- Trudeau cash-for-access scandal
References
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- ^ "Ontario MPP resigns from PC caucus, denies alleged link to foreign election interference". cbc.ca. March 10, 2023. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023.
{{cite web}}
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: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Coyne, Andrew (2023-03-16). "David Johnston is a man of high integrity. But as rapporteur? We should be in high dudgeon". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2023-03-20. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ^ a b c Salutin, Rick (March 17, 2023), "David Johnston keeps collecting great appointments", Toronto Star, retrieved March 27, 2023
- ^ a b Robertson, Dylan (March 16, 2023). "NDP praises David Johnston as Tories, Bloc bemoan interference watchdog appointment". CP24. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
- ^ Ivison, John (March 16, 2023), "David Johnston is a man of trust in a post-trust world", National Post, retrieved March 17, 2023
- ^ a b Ibbitson, John (March 15, 2023), "David Johnston is an inspired choice to investigate Chinese election interference", The Globe and Mail, archived from the original on March 17, 2023, retrieved March 17, 2023
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- ^ Ibbitson, John (2023-03-20). "Opposition to David Johnston's appointment shows how much politics has changed". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ^ Government of Canada (March 21, 2023). "Independent Special Rapporteur on Foreign Interference - Terms of reference". Democratic Institutions. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
- ^ a b Raycraft, Richard; Tunney, Catharine (March 21, 2023). "David Johnston to decide on inquiry into foreign interference by May 23". CBC News. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.