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| name = Air India Express Flight 812 |
| name = Air India Express Flight 812 |
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| occurrence_type = Runway overrun |
| occurrence_type = Runway overrun |
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| image =Air India Express |
| image =Air India Express VT-AXU.jpg |
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| image_size = 250 |
| image_size = 250 |
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| alt = |
| alt = |
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| caption = |
| caption = A similar plane with registration VT-AXU |
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| date = 22 May 2010 |
| date = 22 May 2010 |
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| type = Runway overrun/pilot error |
| type = Runway overrun/pilot error |
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==Flight history== |
==Flight history== |
||
[[File:Air India Express |
[[File:Air India Express Flight 812 crashed.jpg|thumb|The aircraft in pieces after the crash]] |
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The aircraft involved was a [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-8HG]], part of Boeing's 737 Next Generation series, with [[aircraft registration]] VT-AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481.<ref name="pti">{{cite web|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/663459_Sixty-killed-in-air-crash|title=Sixty killed in air crash|author=Staff Writer|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|accessdate=22 May 2010|date=22 May 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref><ref name=cnnibn/> The aircraft first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered on 18 January 2008.<ref name=ASN220510>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20100522-0|title=Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planespotters.net/Production_List/Boeing/737/36333,VT-AXV-Air-India-Express.php|title=VT-AXV Air India Express {{Nowrap|Boeing 737-8HG(WL}}) – cn 36333 / ln 2481|work=Planespotters|accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref> |
The aircraft involved was a [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-8HG]], part of Boeing's 737 Next Generation series, with [[aircraft registration]] VT-AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481.<ref name="pti">{{cite web|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/663459_Sixty-killed-in-air-crash|title=Sixty killed in air crash|author=Staff Writer|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|accessdate=22 May 2010|date=22 May 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref><ref name=cnnibn/> The aircraft first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered on 18 January 2008.<ref name=ASN220510>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20100522-0|title=Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planespotters.net/Production_List/Boeing/737/36333,VT-AXV-Air-India-Express.php|title=VT-AXV Air India Express {{Nowrap|Boeing 737-8HG(WL}}) – cn 36333 / ln 2481|work=Planespotters|accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref> |
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| image1 = [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=VT-AXV Photos of VT-AXV at Airliners.net]}} |
| image1 = [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=VT-AXV Photos of VT-AXV at Airliners.net]}} |
||
{{Wikinews|Serb pilots defend colleague in Air India Express disaster}} |
{{Wikinews|Serb pilots defend colleague in Air India Express disaster}} |
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* [http://home.airindia.in/SBCMS/WebPages/AIE-Flight-IX812-Accident.aspx Air India Express Flight IX812] |
* [http://home.airindia.in/SBCMS/WebPages/AIE-Flight-IX812-Accident.aspx Air India Express Flight IX812] |
||
* [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1219 Boeing Statement on Air India Express Accident] |
* [http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=1219 Boeing Statement on Air India Express Accident] |
||
* [http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Mangalore,-survivor-tells-of-air-disaster-18488.html Mangalore, survivor tells of air disaster] |
* [http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Mangalore,-survivor-tells-of-air-disaster-18488.html Mangalore, survivor tells of air disaster] |
||
* [http://beta.thehindu.com/news/national/article435569.ece List of passengers on Air India Express flight] |
* [http://beta.thehindu.com/news/national/article435569.ece List of passengers on Air India Express flight] |
||
* [http://civilaviation.nic.in/mangloreCrashCOI.html Ministry of Civil Aviation Court of Enquiry] |
* [http://civilaviation.nic.in/mangloreCrashCOI.html Ministry of Civil Aviation Court of Enquiry] |
||
* [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_2_Pna9eA6CU/S_lO-oa_NVI/AAAAAAAATXM/Y-_PS4pHkxY/s1600/23zzairportbig.jpg The accident in a picture] |
|||
{{Aviation lists}} |
{{Aviation lists}} |
Revision as of 00:39, 18 March 2011
Runway overrun | |
---|---|
Date | 22 May 2010 |
Summary | Runway overrun/pilot error |
Site | Beyond runway 06/24 at Mangalore International Airport 12°56′48″N 074°52′25″E / 12.94667°N 74.87361°E |
Aircraft | |
Aircraft type | Boeing 737-8HG |
Operator | Air India Express |
Registration | VT-AXV |
Flight origin | Dubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates |
Destination | Mangalore International Airport, India |
Passengers | 160[1][2] |
Crew | 6[3] |
Fatalities | 158[3] |
Injuries | 8 |
Survivors | 8[3] |
On 22 May 2010, around 06:30 local time, Air India Express Flight 812,[1][4] on a scheduled passenger flight from Dubai to Mangalore overran the runway while landing. It overshot the runway falling over a cliff and caught fire; the resulting wreckage was spread over the hillside.[4][5][6] There were 160 passengers and 6 crew members on board the aircraft. Of these, only eight passengers survived.[7][8][9][10][3]
With 158 fatalities, the accident is the third deadliest in India, after the 1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision which killed 349, and the 1978 crash of Air India Flight 855 which killed 213.[11] It marked the first major Indian aviation accident since the July 2000 crash of Alliance Air Flight 7412 in Patna.[6] At the time, the accident was the deadliest crash of a 737 aircraft (all series) and the eighth hull loss of a Boeing 737-800 aircraft.[12] It was the second instance of an aircraft overshooting the runway at Mangalore.[13] This was the deadliest aviation accident in 2010 and the second of the year involving a 737-800 aircraft.[14]
Flight history
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-8HG, part of Boeing's 737 Next Generation series, with aircraft registration VT-AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481.[15][16] The aircraft first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered on 18 January 2008.[17][18]
The crew consisted of two flight and four cabin members[1] commanded by Captain Zlatko Glušica, and first officer H.S. Ahluwalia.[19] Glušica, a British and Serbian national with over 10,000 hours of flying and over 7,500 hours of command experience, and Ahluwalia (a former employee of Jat Airways who joined Air India in April 2009). Both were killed in the incident.[11][19][20] The First Officer was based in Mangalore, whilst the Captain was based in Frankfurt, and had passengered in the previous day.[21]
Flight
The flight had a scheduled departure time of 01:35 local time from Dubai International Airport in Dubai. It crashed upon landing on the 8,033 feet (2,448 m) runway number 06/24 at Mangalore International Airport at around 06:30 local time (UTC+05:30). The airport, situated in a hilly area, is one of seven Indian airports designated as a "critical airfield" by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. DGCA rules at critical airfields prohibit "supervised take offs and landings", so only the captain (not the first officer) can pilot the aircraft during take-offs and landings.[22][23][24][25] The airport is one among the three airports in India that has a table top runway (others being Kozhikode and Lengpui)[26] which requires a very precise landing approach.[27]
Crash
After touching down on runway number 06/24, the plane overran the runway and crashed down the hill at the end of the runway.[11] The last conversations between ATC and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of any distress.[11][28] Indian civil aviation minister, Praful Patel, said that the aircraft was following an ILS (instrument landing system) approach for landing on the newer runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC (air traffic control) that it was 'established' on an ILS approach at about 15 km from touchdown, landing clearance was given at 7 km from the touchdown. The airplane concluded the ILS approach on runway 24, touched down slightly past the touch down zone, overran the runway, ploughed through a 90-metre long sand arrestor bed which did not stop the airplane. The aircraft then went beyond the arrester bed when its starboard wing impacted the concrete socket of the ILS localiser antenna, it then plunged over the cliff and on to the hillside[5] coming to a stop 200–300 metres past the top of the slope. "The plane broke in two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village".[29] Television footage showed remains of the aircraft on fire shortly after the crash, seen lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[30][31] The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 6 km, and said the wind condition was calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident.[32][33] Initial reports from survivors suggested a tyre burst[6][34] as it attempted a go-around.
Victims
Apart from the six crew members, a total of 160 passengers were on board.[17] There were 169 names on the original passenger list but nine did not board the flight.[17] All the bodies had been recovered from the wreckage.[35] The majority of victims were believed to be from the districts of Kasaragod and Kannur in Kerala.[36] Karnataka Home Minister V. S. Acharya said eight people were initially reported to have survived, although one person died of his injuries[16] - this was however refuted by an AI spokesman who confirmed that all initial survivors were alive.[37] This confusion was due the fact that fire fighters had rescued a little girl who died on the way to hospital.[38] The airport manager at Mangalore, Peter Abrahim confirmed that there were difficulties when trying to reach the plane.[4][39]
Nationality | Fatalities | Survivors | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Passengers | Crew | |||
Bangladesh | 0 | 0 | 1[40] | 1 |
India | 152 | 5 | 7 | 164 |
Serbia and United Kingdom | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Total | 152[10] | 6 | 8[9][41] | 166 |
On 27 July 2010 a memorial was installed near the crash site inscribed with the names of all the victims.[42] However on 5 October 2010 this memorial was destroyed by people.[43]
Rescue and response
Local villagers were among the first on the scene to help.[44] An estimated 15 fire trucks, 20 ambulances and 100 rescue workers were immediately pushed into the rescue operations.[4][45] The Karnataka Western Range Inspector General of Police, Gopal Hosur, said that eight to ten people had been shifted to hospitals, and that the Karnataka Police force, bomb squad, Karnataka Fire & Emergency Services, Karnataka State Reserve Police and all the hospitals were working together to help out in this situation. The Central Industrial Security Force sent 150 personnel to Mangalore to help in the relief and rescue operations.[11] Bodies of all of the deceased had been recovered from the crash site on the day of the crash itself,[46] and relatives had received 87 of the bodies.[3]
A special emergency information service was quickly established.[11] Praful Patel, Indian Civil Aviation minister, left from New Delhi to be at the scene,[11] The one-year-in-office celebrations of UPA government's second tenure were postponed.[4] He was soon followed by Karnataka Chief Minister B.S. Yeddyurappa and Kerala Chief Minister V.S. Achuthanandan to take control of the situation. The chairperson of governing alliance UPA, Sonia Gandhi issued a message of grief and wished a "speedy recovery" to all.[47] The Indian Minister for Civil Aviation, Praful Patel, took moral responsibility for the accident and offered to resign his post, this offer was rejected by the Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh.[48] Many countries and organizations have expressed sorrow and condolences to the people of India over the crash.[49][50][51] The accident was predicted to cost the insurers, and their reinsurers, an amount of ₹4 billion (US$50 million).[52][53] Air India received the final amount of ₹900 million (US$10 million) insured towards hull loss,[54][55] they had already received 60% of the estimated ₹2.3 billion (US$30 million).[54]
Investigation
Initial investigation revealed that the plane landed about 600 metres (2,000 ft) beyond the usual touch down point on the runway.[21] The total length of the new runway 24 at Mangalore airport is 2,450 metres (8,040 ft).[56] Airline officials put together a team along with the Airports Authority of India that rushed to the scene to investigate the incident and assist with the rescue efforts.[1] Boeing also announced that a team will be sent to provide technical assistance after a request for assistance from Indian authorities.[57]
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation ordered an inquiry into the crash, which began the day of the crash.[58] The NTSB is also assisting the investigation with a team of specialists including a senior air safety investigator, a flight operations specialist, an aircraft systems specialist and technical advisers for Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration.[33]
According to audio transcripts obtained from ATC, Serbian pilot Zlatko Glušica, aged 55, was given clearance to land, however, he suddenly aborted the attempted landing. The throttle of the aircraft was reported to have been found in the forward position, suggesting that the pilot had attempted to abort the landing and proceeded to take off again from the runway.[59] According to unnamed ATC sources at Mangalore, the co-pilot Ahluwalia was said to have warned his commander more than once to go around instead of landing,[60] and also that this warning had come at a height of 800 ft,[60] well before the aircraft made a touch down.
The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was recovered on 23 May,[61] and the flight data recorder (FDR) was recovered two days later.[62] The recorders were sent to New Delhi by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation for data acquisition and analysis[63] were sent to the US to the NTSB for investigation.[64] DGCA official Zaidi claimed "better data protection" while unnamed officials mentioned heavy damage to the devices.[64]
In direct response to this accident[65] the Government of India decided to set up an independent air accident enquiry board called the Civil Aviation Authority would function independent of the DGCA.[65] Effectively this means the DGCA will be the regulator and the CAA the investigator.[65] The Director General of the DGCA said that it would be set up though a legislation, and would comply with the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organisation.[65]
According to the enquiry report submitted by Civil Aviation Ministry, Govt. of India it has been claimed that the pilot Captain Zlatko Glusica slept for over 90 minutes during the flight. The Air India Express IC 812 Boeing 737-800 carrying 166 people, including the crew, from Dubai crashed while negotiating the tricky landing at Mangalore city's "table-top" airport overlooking a ravine. The American National Transportation Safety Board says it is the first instance of snoring recorded on a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR).[66]
Court of Inquiry
On 3 June 2010 the Government of India set up a Court of Inquiry to investigate the air crash. Former Vice Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshal Bhushan Nilkanth Gokhale, was appointed to head the inquiry.[67] Named the Gokhale inquiry, it has to investigate the reasons behind the crash and was originally mandated to submit its findings by 31 August 2010,[67] this was later extended by a month to 30 September 2010.[68] The Government has also appointed four experts into this Court of Inquiry to assist in the investigation.[67] The Court of Inquiry started its investigations by visiting the crash site on 7 June 2010,[69] it also visited all the eight survivors for information.[69]
On 17 August 2010, the Court of Inquiry started a three day public hearing in Mangalore to interview airport officials and witnesses.[70] On day one airport and airline officials deposed that the aircraft had approached at an altitude higher than usual, and that it had landed beyond the threshold point. They also mentioned that the airport's Radar was in-operational from 20 May 2010.[71] The airport chief fire officer informed that the crash tenders had reached the site in four minutes[70] because the road leading away from the airport perimeter to the crash site was very narrow and undulating. On day two transcript of the cockpit to ATC conversation was released,[72] in which it was indicated that the co-pilot had suggested a "go around" after the pilot has informed the ATC that it was 'clear to land'.[72] Doctors who had conducted the post mortems on the bodies mentioned that most of them had died of burns.[73] On day four Air India's flight safety officer informed the inquiry that the aircraft's thrust lever and the thrust reverse levers where both in the forward positions,[74] possibly indicating that the pilot intended to go around. The inquiry panel informed that the information from the FDR would released at the next hearing of the Court of Inquiry at New Delhi on 3 September 2010,[74] and the that of the CVR soon after. The Court of Inquiry would submit its report on 30 September 2010.[74]
On 8 September 2010 the details of the CVR and FDR were presented to the Court of Inquiry. The CVR analysis reveals that one of the pilots was asleep in the cockpit.[75] For a duration lasting 110 minutes the CVR picked up no conversation from the pilots, with the report adding that the sound of nasal snoring and deep breathing was picked up during this recording.[75] The FDR analysis indicated that the flight started descending from its flight path at an altitude of 4400 ft instead of the normal 2000 ft. The aircraft also touched down at the 4,638 feet mark on the runway instead of the 1000 ft mark,[75] the pilot then tried to take off with just 800 ft of the runway remaining resulting in the crash. Both pilots had been aware of the wrong flight path since they are both heard saying "Flight is taking wrong path and wrong side", additionally the aircraft instruments had given repeated warning regarding this.[75]
On 16 November 2010 five months after the Court of Inquiry was constituted it submitted its report, after getting input from the NTSB and Boeing, mentioning that pilot error was the cause of the accident since the flight path was incorrect.[76][77]
Compensation
The Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh announced ₹200,000 (US$2,500) or €3,390) for the families of the dead and ₹50,000 (US$630) for the injured. These funds are to be allocated from the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund.[78] The Karnataka Chief Minister Yeddyurappa has also announced a compensation of ₹2 lakh (US$2,500) to the families of the dead.[79] In addition to this, the Civil Aviation Ministry advised that the Airline will provide up to ₹7,200,000 (US$90,170) to the family members of each victim as per the provisions of the Indian Carriage by Air (Amendment) Act which follows the Montreal Convention.[78][80] The Airline has announced an interim compensation of ₹1 million (US$12,520) for passengers above 12 years of age, ₹500,000 (US$6,260) for passengers below 12 years of age and ₹200,000 (US$2,500) for every injured passenger. This compensation is over and above the ex-gratia payment announced by the Prime Minister.[81] Additionally, Air India has said it would offer jobs to the survivors.[82] As of 11 June 2010 an amount of ₹170 million (US$2 million) had been distributed as compensation to the families of the victims and to the eight survivors.[83] The families of the victims have been increasingly vocal regarding the inequitable nature of the compensation being paid out by Air India,[84][85] and also of the alleged hostile attitude of the airlines counsel.[84] Members of Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI) along with Kasargod MP P Karunkaran on staged a protest on 8 September 2010 at the airlines office in Mangalore where they submitted a memorandum to the officials demanding that the families of the victims get an early and equitable settlement of compensation. They also demanded the settlement process be made more transparent by opening it to the media instead of being held in camera.
See also
- Indian Airlines Flight 557, an aircraft that overshot the runway at the same airport in 1981
- American Airlines Flight 1420, an aircraft that overshot the runway in Little Rock, USA, in 1999
- China Airlines Flight 642, an aircraft that crashed during an unstable approach in Hong Kong in 1999
- Air France Flight 358, an aircraft that overshot the runway in Toronto, Canada, in 2005
- TAM Airlines Flight 3054, an aircraft that overshot the runway in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2007
- American Airlines Flight 331, an aircraft that overshot the runway in Kingston, Jamaica in 2009
- Garuda Indonesia Flight 200, an Boeing 737 aircraft that overshoot the runway in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2007 due to pilot error
References
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ Page, Jeremy (24 May 2010). "Pilot tried to pull out of landing". The Times. London. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
- ^ a b Sinha, Saurabh (31 May 2010). "Mangalore crash: Captain ignored co-pilot's plea to abort landing". Times of India. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ "CVR affected by fire but will yield data: DGCA". The Hindu. 24 May 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
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- ^ a b "Black box, CVR to go to US". Deccan Herald. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
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- ^ Report blames pilot error for Mangalore air crash - India News - IBNLive
- ^ a b c "Court of inquiry to investigate Mangalore crash". Times of India. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
- ^ "Mangalore: Crash Committee Gets One-month Extension, Further Delay Likely". Daijiworld. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
- ^ a b "IX-812 black box is in fine shape: Probe head". DNA. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
- ^ a b "Crash victims were asphyxiated". Times of India. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
- ^ "Court of Inquiry in air crash begins hearing". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
- ^ a b "Co-pilot's cries went in vain". Deccan Herald. 18 August 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
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- ^ "Karnataka govt announces compensation". Times of India. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
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{{cite news}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ Air India Announces Interim Compensation for Mangalore Air Tragedy Victims - Press Information Bureau, Government of India, press release
- ^ "Air India offers jobs to crash survivors". The Hindu. 24 May 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ^ "Rs17 crore relief paid to families of Mangalore crash victims". DNA. 11 May 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ^ a b "DYFI joins crash victims'cause". Times of India. 8 September 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- ^ "Air crash victims' kin stage stir against meagre compensation". Deccan Herald. 8 September 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
External links
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Photos of VT-AXV at Airliners.net |
- Air India Express Flight IX812
- Boeing Statement on Air India Express Accident
- Mangalore, survivor tells of air disaster
- List of passengers on Air India Express flight
- Ministry of Civil Aviation Court of Enquiry