Self-published source. Based on my experience, I believe this goes for anything appearing at academia.edu. |
|||
Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| related_groups = [[Agaw people|Agew]], [[Sabaeans]] }} |
| related_groups = [[Agaw people|Agew]], [[Sabaeans]] }} |
||
The '''Ag'azi People''', also known as '''Agazi People''', were a people who ruled the [[D'mt|Kingdom of D'mt]], [[Kingdom of Aksum]], and even the [[Land of Punt]] for a period of time, under the Ag'azyan Dynasty and the [[Solomonic Dynasty]], a Dynasty that ruled the Land of Punt for a period of time, being the predecessor of the [[Solomonic Dynasty]], with [[Queen of Sheba|Sheba]] being its last dynastic ruler, and the Ag'azi People are the ancestors of [[Habesha]]'s.<ref name=" |
The '''Ag'azi People''', also known as '''Agazi People''', were a people who ruled the [[D'mt|Kingdom of D'mt]], [[Kingdom of Aksum]], and even the [[Land of Punt]] for a period of time, under the Ag'azyan Dynasty and the [[Solomonic Dynasty]], a Dynasty that ruled the Land of Punt for a period of time, being the predecessor of the [[Solomonic Dynasty]], with [[Queen of Sheba|Sheba]] being its last dynastic ruler, and the Ag'azi People are the ancestors of [[Habesha]]'s.{{sfn|Kropp|2006|p=321f}}{{Full citation needed|date=January 2024}}<ref name="Who are really the habesha and Sabean">{{Cite web |title=Who are really the habesha and Sabean|url=https://www.academia.edu/99006429 |website=Academia|language=en |last1=Haile |first1=Gezaw }}{{Self-published source|date=January 2024}}</ref> At least some pre-Axumite kings descended from the Ag'azi, and later, [[Abraha]] may have claimed descent from them.<ref name="Herrmann">A. Herrmann, 1913: "Ein alter Seeverkehr zwischen Abessinien und Süd-China bis zum Beginn unserer Zeitrechnung", Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde, 10, Berlin, 553-561, cited in {{Cite journal|title=A Chinese in the Nubian and Abyssinian Kingdoms (8th Century)| author=Wolbert G.C. Smidt | journal=Chroniques yéménites | date=September 2001 | doi=10.4000/cy.33 | url=http://journals.openedition.org/cy/33 | via=Openedition.org | access-date=2024-01-19 | quote=Ag'azi is the name of a people dominating the area of today's Eritrea / Northern Ethiopia in the pre-Aksumite period, known from a few inscriptions. The pre-Aksumite kings - at least some of them - descended from the Ag'azi. Later, in the 6th century, also the Ethiopian ex-vassal king of South Arabia, Abreha, seems to have claimed descent from them.}}</ref>According to Stuart Munro-Hay, the [[Ge'ez language]] may be named for the Ag'azi.<ref name="Aksum An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity">{{Cite web |first=Stuart | last=Munro-Hay | title=Aksum An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity|url=https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib4/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain/602/aksum.pdf |year=1991 | access-date=2024-01-19 | via=Livingston.org | quote=Ge`ez, possibly deriving its name from the Agwezat or Agazi tribal group, is now a dead language except for its use in traditional Ethiopian Orthodox church rituals and in some specialised circumstances, such as poetry.}}</ref>The Agazi People had most of their people within the Aksumite Region of [[Agʿazi]]. The Agazi People also primarily inhabited from [[Provinces of Eritrea#Sahel|Sahel]] and [[Provinces of Eritrea#Barka|Barka]] and reaching as far south as [[Shewa]] and as far east as Eastern [[Gojjam]]. |
||
==History and Origins== |
==History and Origins== |
Revision as of 22:06, 19 January 2024
አጋዚ | |
---|---|
Regions with significant populations | |
Languages | |
Sabaic, Ge'ez | |
Religion | |
Islam, Christianity, South Arabian polytheism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Agew, Sabaeans |
The Ag'azi People, also known as Agazi People, were a people who ruled the Kingdom of D'mt, Kingdom of Aksum, and even the Land of Punt for a period of time, under the Ag'azyan Dynasty and the Solomonic Dynasty, a Dynasty that ruled the Land of Punt for a period of time, being the predecessor of the Solomonic Dynasty, with Sheba being its last dynastic ruler, and the Ag'azi People are the ancestors of Habesha's.[1][full citation needed][2] At least some pre-Axumite kings descended from the Ag'azi, and later, Abraha may have claimed descent from them.[3]According to Stuart Munro-Hay, the Ge'ez language may be named for the Ag'azi.[4]The Agazi People had most of their people within the Aksumite Region of Agʿazi. The Agazi People also primarily inhabited from Sahel and Barka and reaching as far south as Shewa and as far east as Eastern Gojjam.
History and Origins
More info in 1922 regnal list of Ethiopia and Sabean colonization of Africa
The Ag'azi People date back to 2000 B.C when the Sabaeans had traveled and migrated from The Kingdom of Saba all the way to the Land of Punt, in which they began mixing with the Agaw People, and formed the Ag'azi People. They then began their rule over the Land of Punt, which would begin the Punt Period of the Ag'azi Peoples after the last ruler of the ruling dynasty of Punt, Piori I, died. In which according to the Ethiopian Regnal List, Akbunas Saba II was the first ruler of the Ag'azyan Dynasty.[5]
Punt Period
The Punt Period lasted from the early 1000s B.C until the fall of Punt in 980 B.C., when Menelik I established his Kingdom of D'mt after it, Succeeding his mother, Makeda, the last leader of the Land of Punt itself. Menelik I was the son of Solomon and Sheba according to the Kebra Nagast.
D'mt Period
The D'mt Period, which lasted from 980 B.C-c.650 B.C, under the Kingdom of D'mt, which was under the Solomonic Dynasty under the Family of Menelik I, the founder of D'mt. The D'mt Kingdom was a Kingdom that had prospered through trade under the Ag'azi People, in which in 650 B.C, D'mt fell due to its Decline which had begun the Ag'azi City-State Period.[6]
City-State Period
The Kingdoms of Adulis and Wukro were one of the City-States established as a result of the Collapse of D'mt. Eventually, the City State Period began to end and then officially ended in 240 A.D, after Axum conquered Wukro in c.200 B.C. and Adulis in c.240 A.D. This than began the period of Axum.
Axumite Period
Axum, being previously called Mazaber after being established in 400 B.C, Evolving from a City Kingdom centered in Axum into a Kingdom, Axum would have prospered through the 1st-6th Centuries, with the Conquest of Kush under Ezana, Trading with Rome, India, and China, converting to Christianity, and even replacing Sabaic with Ge'ez as the official language of Axum.[7][8]
The Split of the Peoples
In the 600s, the Axumite Kingdom began to decline due to the Muslims destroying the powerful port city of Adulis, and taking over Axumite Dominance over the Red Sea, which had led to Axumite Decline due to lack of Trade and internal weakening, with territories such as Semien beginning to break away from the Kingdom more and more. Eventually, in 960 A.D, Queen Yudit of Semien would kill Dil Na'od of Axum, which ended the Axumite Kingdom. As a result of Axum's fall, The Agazi Peoples had split up into new ethnic groups such as Amhara, Tigrayans, Argobba, Harla People, Werjih, and many other Habeshan Ethnic Groups. In which the Peoples had been divided due to the Religious Split between Christianity and Islam.
Culture
The Ag'azi People usually practiced the same culture as the modern Habesha after the Conversion of the Peoples from Polytheism to Christianity. Their usage of Ge'ez throughout the 4th Century due to the changes of Negus Ezana would have led to even more similarity of culture with the Modern Habesha. Ag'azi being the Ancestors of Habesha, would of course have been expected to have the same, or similar culture of their Descendants. Ag'azis would also would have been known to outsiders and in many documents as the "People who Speak Ge'ez".
Religion
Before Frumentius converted King Ezana to Christianity, The Main Religion of the Ag'azi People was South Arabian Polytheism and even Judaism as a minority since 587 B.C when Judaism arrived to Ethiopia.[9] In around 330 C.E., Frumentius had taught King Ezana of Axum about Christianity, in which this had led to Ezana's Conversion to Christianity, and he spread Christianity throughout the land of the Aksumite Kingdom, leading to Christianity to become the Dominant Religion of Ag'azi Peoples. But in 614, when Islam Arrived to Axum, Ag'azis in the East, in areas such as Mora and other areas in the East of the Aksumite Kingdom that the Ag'azi People had inhabited, converted to Islam, which would have led to a religious split between Western Ag'azis and Eastern Ag'azis, but Islam would have peaked after the Ag'azi People had split, which happened due to the collapse of Aksum.[10]
Notes
- ^ Kropp 2006, p. 321f.
- ^ Haile, Gezaw. "Who are really the habesha and Sabean". Academia.[self-published source]
- ^ A. Herrmann, 1913: "Ein alter Seeverkehr zwischen Abessinien und Süd-China bis zum Beginn unserer Zeitrechnung", Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde, 10, Berlin, 553-561, cited in Wolbert G.C. Smidt (September 2001). "A Chinese in the Nubian and Abyssinian Kingdoms (8th Century)". Chroniques yéménites. doi:10.4000/cy.33. Retrieved 2024-01-19 – via Openedition.org.
Ag'azi is the name of a people dominating the area of today's Eritrea / Northern Ethiopia in the pre-Aksumite period, known from a few inscriptions. The pre-Aksumite kings - at least some of them - descended from the Ag'azi. Later, in the 6th century, also the Ethiopian ex-vassal king of South Arabia, Abreha, seems to have claimed descent from them.
- ^ Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991). "Aksum An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-01-19 – via Livingston.org.
Ge`ez, possibly deriving its name from the Agwezat or Agazi tribal group, is now a dead language except for its use in traditional Ethiopian Orthodox church rituals and in some specialised circumstances, such as poetry.
- ^ Japp, Sarah; Gerlach, Iris; Hitgen, Holger; Schnelle, Mike (2011). "Yeha and Hawelti: cultural contacts between Sabaʾ and DʿMT — New research by the German Archaeological Institute in Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 41: 145–160. ISSN 0308-8421. JSTOR 41622129.
- ^ Pankhurst, Richard K.P. Addis Tribune, "Let's Look Across the Red Sea I", January 17, 2003 (archive.org mirror copy)
- ^ Munro-Hay, Aksum, pp. 79, 224.
- ^ Stuart Munro-Hay (2002). Ethiopia: The Unknown Land. I.B. Tauris. p. 41.
- ^ "Operation Solomon: from Ethiopian Jews to Ethiopian Israelis |". Jewish Museum London. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
- ^ "Ethiopia: Islam's First Sanctuary |". Islamic Relief. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 2024-01-12.