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{{Short description|Kibbutz in the Jordan Valley, Israel}} |
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'''Afikim''' ({{Lang-he|אֲפִיקִים}}) is an |
'''Afikim''' ({{Lang-he|אֲפִיקִים}}) is an Israeli [[kibbutz]] affiliated with the [[Kibbutz Movement]] located in the [[Jordan Valley (Middle East)|Jordan Valley]] three kilometers from the [[Sea of Galilee]]. It is within the jurisdiction of the [[Emek HaYarden Regional Council]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Afiqim}}.{{Israel populations|reference}} |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The name Afikim means "riverbeds", and refers to the [[Jordan River]] and its tributary, the [[Yarmukh River|Yarmuk River]], and is also taken from the Bible, Ezekiel 34:13:<ref name="ariel">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Vilnai, Ze'ev|authorlink=Zev Vilnay|title=Afikim|encyclopedia=Ariel Encyclopedia|volume= |
The name Afikim means "riverbeds", and refers to the [[Jordan River]] and its tributary, the [[Yarmukh River|Yarmuk River]], and is also taken from the Bible, Ezekiel 34:13:<ref name="ariel">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Vilnai, Ze'ev|authorlink=Zev Vilnay|title=Afikim|encyclopedia=Ariel Encyclopedia|volume=1|pages=265–266|publisher=[[Am Oved]]|location=[[Tel Aviv]], Israel|year=1969|language=he}}</ref> "I will pasture them ... in the riverbeds." |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Russian Jews affiliated with the [[Hashomer Hatzair]] movement organised in 1924 and settled in the area of Wazia in the [[Upper Galilee]]. In 1932 the group moved to its current location on a tract of land belonging to [[Degania Bet]],<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/the-secret-of-israel-s-milky-way-1.368229 The secret of Israel's Milky Way]</ref> where it absorbed groups from the [[Poale Zion]] movement and [[Hechalutz]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae1uKw5yLtcC |
Russian Jews affiliated with the [[Hashomer Hatzair]] movement organised in 1924 and settled in the area of Wazia in the [[Upper Galilee]]. In 1932 the group moved to its current location on a tract of land belonging to [[Degania Bet]],<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/the-secret-of-israel-s-milky-way-1.368229 The secret of Israel's Milky Way]</ref> where it absorbed groups from the [[Poale Zion]] movement and [[Hechalutz]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae1uKw5yLtcC&dq=kibbutz+afikim+land+purchase&pg=PA50 Builders and Dreamers: Habonim Labor Zionist Youth in North America]</ref> The name "Afikim" was officially adopted in 1936.<ref>Government of Palestine, The Palestine Gazette, No. 632, 24 September 1936, page 964.</ref> Yisrael Hofesh, one of the founders of the kibbutz, who died in 2011 at the age of 107, helped to establish the banana industry and worked in the plywood factory run by the kibbutz.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/yisrael-hofesh-israel-s-oldest-kibbutz-member-dies-at-age-107-1.443572 Yisrael Hofesh: Israel's oldest kibbutz member dies at 107]</ref> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], Afikim was subjected to frequent shelling by [[Syria]]n and [[Iraq]]i forces,<ref name="JNF 1948">{{cite book | title=Jewish Villages in Israel | author=Jewish National Fund | year=1949 | publisher=Hamadpis Liphshitz Press | location=Jerusalem | page=191}}</ref> and was a stronghold of [[Palmach]] activity. Afterwards it was a center for agricultural training for [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] soldiers who planned to join kibbutzim after demobilization.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rECQAgAAQBAJ |
During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], Afikim was subjected to frequent shelling by [[Syria]]n and [[Iraq]]i forces,<ref name="JNF 1948">{{cite book | title=Jewish Villages in Israel | author=Jewish National Fund | year=1949 | publisher=Hamadpis Liphshitz Press | location=Jerusalem | page=191}}</ref> and was a stronghold of [[Palmach]] activity. Afterwards it was a center for agricultural training for [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] soldiers who planned to join kibbutzim after demobilization.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rECQAgAAQBAJ&dq=kibbutz+afikim&pg=PA78 The Israeli Defence Forces and the Foundation of Israel: Utopia in Uniform. Ze'ev Drory]</ref> During the split of the ''Kibbutz Meuhad'' movement, Afikim, unlike many other kibbutzim, did not split up into two villages. Rather it joined the [[Mapai]]-affiliated faction which went on to found the ''Ihud Kibbutzim''. In 1977, Afikim hosted 66 [[refugee]]s from [[Vietnam]]. In 2011, the kibbutz accepted 100 new members.<ref name="haaretz1"/> |
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[[File:Nurse with kibbutz children.jpg|thumb|Kibbutz children in the children's house, 1960s]] |
[[File:Nurse with kibbutz children.jpg|thumb|Kibbutz children in the children's house, 1960s]] |
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[[File:MilkingParlour.JPG|thumb|Afikim dairy]] |
[[File:MilkingParlour.JPG|thumb|Afikim dairy]] |
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Afikim grows [[banana]]s, [[date palm]]s, [[avocado]]s, [[olive]]s, [[subtropical]] flora, and [[grain]]s. It also engages in [[aquaculture]] and [[dairy farming]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/23/israel-kibbutz-movement-comeback Israel's kibbutz movement comeback]</ref> The kibbutz has 400 cows. It operates ''Afimilk'', a dairy equipment company, and ''Afikim Electric Vehicles'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afiScooters.com |title=Afikim Mobility scooters |publisher=Afiscooters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-17}}</ref> a producer of [[electric vehicle]]s. In the 1980s, Afikim went through an economic [[Kibbutz crisis|crisis]] and was partially privatized.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5BAgAAQBAJ |
Afikim grows [[banana]]s, [[date palm]]s, [[avocado]]s, [[olive]]s, [[subtropical]] flora, and [[grain]]s. It also engages in [[aquaculture]] and [[dairy farming]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/23/israel-kibbutz-movement-comeback Israel's kibbutz movement comeback]</ref> The kibbutz has 400 cows. It operates ''Afimilk'', a dairy equipment company, and ''Afikim Electric Vehicles'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afiScooters.com |title=Afikim Mobility scooters |publisher=Afiscooters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-17}}</ref> a producer of [[electric vehicle]]s. In the 1980s, Afikim went through an economic [[Kibbutz crisis|crisis]] and was partially privatized.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5BAgAAQBAJ&dq=afikim+privatization&pg=PR24 Chávez’s Legacy: The Transformation from Democracy to a Mafia State, Ari Chaplin]</ref> |
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In 2010, Afikim announced its partnership in a half-billion-dollar milk production project in [[Vietnam]]. The project involved establishing a dairy operation of 30,000 cows to supply 500,000 liters of milk a day, about 40% of Vietnam's present milk consumption. Afikim was responsible for all stages of the enterprise, including breeding and preparing land for crops used as feed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1158062.html |title=Afikim tapped to set up giant dairy in Vietnam |publisher=Haaretz.com |date=2010-03-22 |accessdate=2013-01-17}}</ref> In addition to a demonstration farm with 174 cows established for educational purposes, a commercial milk farm with 20,000 cows, the TH Milk facility, was built in stages by 2015. The milk output per cow is 9,300 liters of milk annually despite tropical conditions.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Business/Israeli-Vietnamese-commercial-milking-venture-nears-completion-390874 Vietnamese commercial milking venture nears completion]</ref> |
In 2010, Afikim announced its partnership in a half-billion-dollar milk production project in [[Vietnam]]. The project involved establishing a dairy operation of 30,000 cows to supply 500,000 liters of milk a day, about 40% of Vietnam's present milk consumption. Afikim was responsible for all stages of the enterprise, including breeding and preparing land for crops used as feed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1158062.html |title=Afikim tapped to set up giant dairy in Vietnam |publisher=Haaretz.com |date=2010-03-22 |accessdate=2013-01-17}}</ref> In addition to a demonstration farm with 174 cows established for educational purposes, a commercial milk farm with 20,000 cows, the TH Milk facility, was built in stages by 2015. The milk output per cow is 9,300 liters of milk annually despite tropical conditions.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Business/Israeli-Vietnamese-commercial-milking-venture-nears-completion-390874 Vietnamese commercial milking venture nears completion]</ref> |
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==Awards and recognition== |
==Awards and recognition== |
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In 2009, [[Assaf Inbari]], a writer who grew up on the kibbutz, published ''[[Home (Inbari novel)|Home]]'', a novel based on the history of Afikim.<ref>Shula Keshet, [http://www.readperiodicals.com/201101/2547414611.html "Producing the (Eretz-) Israeli Place: On the Documentary Urge in Kibbutz Literature"] (2011), Vol. 52, ''Hebrew Studies'', pp. 235-58 (retrieved 17 November 2012).</ref> It was awarded the 2010 Israel Book Publishers Association's Platinum Prize<ref>Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature, [ |
In 2009, [[Assaf Inbari]], a writer who grew up on the kibbutz, published ''[[Home (Inbari novel)|Home]]'', a novel based on the history of Afikim.<ref>Shula Keshet, [http://www.readperiodicals.com/201101/2547414611.html "Producing the (Eretz-) Israeli Place: On the Documentary Urge in Kibbutz Literature"] (2011), Vol. 52, ''Hebrew Studies'', pp. 235-58 (retrieved 17 November 2012).</ref> It was awarded the 2010 Israel Book Publishers Association's Platinum Prize<ref>Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature, [https://www.ithl.org.il/page_14047 "Assaf Inbari"].</ref> and was on the shortlist of finalists for the [[Sapir Prize for Literature]].<ref>Greer Fay Cashman (25 March 2011), [http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=213771 "Yoram Kaniuk's War of Independence memoir wins Sapir Prize"], ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'' (retrieved 17 November 2012).</ref> |
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In 2011, Afikim Electric Vehicles' Breeze-S scooter won Germany's [[Red Dot]] design award in the life science and medicine category.<ref>[https://mobilitymgmt.com/Articles/2011/09/14/afikim-red-dot.aspx Afikim wins German design award]</ref> |
In 2011, Afikim Electric Vehicles' Breeze-S scooter won Germany's [[Red Dot]] design award in the life science and medicine category.<ref>[https://mobilitymgmt.com/Articles/2011/09/14/afikim-red-dot.aspx Afikim wins German design award]</ref> |
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Afikim is also the headquarters of the biggest music licensing company in Israel, Artlist, which converted the old community canteen into an office space.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/gallery/architecture/.premium-MAGAZINE-1.9418435 | title=פעם היה כאן חדר אוכל של קיבוץ | newspaper=הארץ }}</ref> |
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*[[Assaf Inbari]] |
*[[Assaf Inbari]] |
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*[[Yoel Palgi]] |
*[[Yoel Palgi]] |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=tGEaAAAAIAAJ&q=afikim |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=tGEaAAAAIAAJ&q=afikim Afikim: Story of a Kibbutz] |
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{{Emek HaYarden Regional Council}} |
{{Emek HaYarden Regional Council}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
Latest revision as of 08:27, 24 January 2024
Afikim
אֲפִיקִים | |
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Coordinates: 32°40′47″N 35°34′40″E / 32.67972°N 35.57778°E | |
Country | Israel |
Region | Jordan Valley |
Affiliation | Kibbutz Movement |
Founded | 1932 |
Founded by | Russian Hashomer Hatzair Members |
Population (2022) | 1,488[1] |
Afikim (Hebrew: אֲפִיקִים) is an Israeli kibbutz affiliated with the Kibbutz Movement located in the Jordan Valley three kilometers from the Sea of Galilee. It is within the jurisdiction of the Emek HaYarden Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,488.[1]
Etymology
The name Afikim means "riverbeds", and refers to the Jordan River and its tributary, the Yarmuk River, and is also taken from the Bible, Ezekiel 34:13:[2] "I will pasture them ... in the riverbeds."
History
Russian Jews affiliated with the Hashomer Hatzair movement organised in 1924 and settled in the area of Wazia in the Upper Galilee. In 1932 the group moved to its current location on a tract of land belonging to Degania Bet,[3] where it absorbed groups from the Poale Zion movement and Hechalutz.[4] The name "Afikim" was officially adopted in 1936.[5] Yisrael Hofesh, one of the founders of the kibbutz, who died in 2011 at the age of 107, helped to establish the banana industry and worked in the plywood factory run by the kibbutz.[6]
-
Afikim, 1937
-
Afikim watchtower 1939
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Afikim, 1948. Photograph from Palmach archive
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Afikim was subjected to frequent shelling by Syrian and Iraqi forces,[7] and was a stronghold of Palmach activity. Afterwards it was a center for agricultural training for IDF soldiers who planned to join kibbutzim after demobilization.[8] During the split of the Kibbutz Meuhad movement, Afikim, unlike many other kibbutzim, did not split up into two villages. Rather it joined the Mapai-affiliated faction which went on to found the Ihud Kibbutzim. In 1977, Afikim hosted 66 refugees from Vietnam. In 2011, the kibbutz accepted 100 new members.[9]
Economy
Afikim grows bananas, date palms, avocados, olives, subtropical flora, and grains. It also engages in aquaculture and dairy farming.[10] The kibbutz has 400 cows. It operates Afimilk, a dairy equipment company, and Afikim Electric Vehicles,[11] a producer of electric vehicles. In the 1980s, Afikim went through an economic crisis and was partially privatized.[12]
In 2010, Afikim announced its partnership in a half-billion-dollar milk production project in Vietnam. The project involved establishing a dairy operation of 30,000 cows to supply 500,000 liters of milk a day, about 40% of Vietnam's present milk consumption. Afikim was responsible for all stages of the enterprise, including breeding and preparing land for crops used as feed.[13] In addition to a demonstration farm with 174 cows established for educational purposes, a commercial milk farm with 20,000 cows, the TH Milk facility, was built in stages by 2015. The milk output per cow is 9,300 liters of milk annually despite tropical conditions.[14]
Inventions
The first electronic milk meter, which measures how many liters of milk a cow has produced, was invented at Afikim. Other inventions include the pedometer, which counts the number of steps a cow takes, indicating the right time for insemination; AfiFarm, a milking and dairy herd management software program; AfiAct, a fertility detection system; and AfiLab, a device that analyses the components of the milk and detects bacteria.[9]
Awards and recognition
In 2009, Assaf Inbari, a writer who grew up on the kibbutz, published Home, a novel based on the history of Afikim.[15] It was awarded the 2010 Israel Book Publishers Association's Platinum Prize[16] and was on the shortlist of finalists for the Sapir Prize for Literature.[17]
In 2011, Afikim Electric Vehicles' Breeze-S scooter won Germany's Red Dot design award in the life science and medicine category.[18]
Afikim is also the headquarters of the biggest music licensing company in Israel, Artlist, which converted the old community canteen into an office space.[19]
Notable people
See also
References
- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Vilnai, Ze'ev (1969). "Afikim". Ariel Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am Oved. pp. 265–266.
- ^ The secret of Israel's Milky Way
- ^ Builders and Dreamers: Habonim Labor Zionist Youth in North America
- ^ Government of Palestine, The Palestine Gazette, No. 632, 24 September 1936, page 964.
- ^ Yisrael Hofesh: Israel's oldest kibbutz member dies at 107
- ^ Jewish National Fund (1949). Jewish Villages in Israel. Jerusalem: Hamadpis Liphshitz Press. p. 191.
- ^ The Israeli Defence Forces and the Foundation of Israel: Utopia in Uniform. Ze'ev Drory
- ^ a b Ben, Coby (2011-06-17). "The secret of Israel's Milky Way". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
- ^ Israel's kibbutz movement comeback
- ^ "Afikim Mobility scooters". Afiscooters.com. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
- ^ Chávez’s Legacy: The Transformation from Democracy to a Mafia State, Ari Chaplin
- ^ "Afikim tapped to set up giant dairy in Vietnam". Haaretz.com. 2010-03-22. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
- ^ Vietnamese commercial milking venture nears completion
- ^ Shula Keshet, "Producing the (Eretz-) Israeli Place: On the Documentary Urge in Kibbutz Literature" (2011), Vol. 52, Hebrew Studies, pp. 235-58 (retrieved 17 November 2012).
- ^ Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature, "Assaf Inbari".
- ^ Greer Fay Cashman (25 March 2011), "Yoram Kaniuk's War of Independence memoir wins Sapir Prize", The Jerusalem Post (retrieved 17 November 2012).
- ^ Afikim wins German design award
- ^ "פעם היה כאן חדר אוכל של קיבוץ". הארץ.