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===Standoff and shooter's death=== |
===Standoff and shooter's death=== |
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Following the shooting, Johnson was shot and injured, and fled to the campus of [[El Centro College]], where he |
Following the shooting, Johnson was shot and injured, and fled to the campus of [[El Centro College]], where he shot out a locked glass door of Building C. In the process, he wounded two campus police officers who heard gunfire earlier and were responding; one was shot in the stomach underneath his [[bulletproof vest]], while the other was hit by flying glass.<ref name=DallasNews.Glass/> Initial reports placed Johnson in the school's parking garage but Chief Brown later said the final confrontation was in the college itself.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ky3.com/content/news/Dallas-police-shooter-update-386322651.html |title=Update: Man who shot Dallas police was killed in college, not garage |publisher=KY3 (NBC) |agency=Associated Press |date=July 11, 2016 |accessdate=July 11, 2016 |quote=Chief David Brown said at a news conference Monday that the department has misspoke for days, and that 25-year-old Micah Johnson died inside El Centro Community College in downtown Dallas.}}</ref> |
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Johnson proceeded up a stairwell to the second floor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/crime/headlines/20160708-el-centro-officials-shooting-occurred-from-west-side-building-not-just-east-side-garage.ece |title=El Centro officials: Shooting occurred from west-side building, not just east-side garage |work=The Dallas Morning News |first=Corbett |last=Smith |date=July 8, 2016 |accessdate=July 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name=DallasNews.Glass>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/crime/headlines/20160710-2-el-centro-college-officers-wounded-when-sniper-shot-through-glass-doors.ece|title=2 El Centro College officers wounded when sniper shot through glass doors|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=July 10, 2016|accessdate=July 11, 2016|first=Claire Z.|last=Cardona}}</ref> Officers followed, confronted, and fired at Johnson, apparently hitting and wounding him again.<ref name=NBCDFW.Laughed/> He engaged the officers in a standoff from behind a brick corner, firing intermittently at them.<ref name=DallasNews.RobotWhy/> Officers then opened negotiations. Johnson said he would speak to black police officers only. He also said that he acted alone and was not part of any group. According to Chief Brown, Johnson appeared [[delusion]]al during his standoff. Brown said, "We had negotiated with him for about two hours, and he just basically lied to us, playing games, laughing at us, singing, asking how many did he get and that he wanted to kill some more." After negotiations failed,<ref name=CNN.Reclusive>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/08/us/micah-xavier-johnson-dallas-shooter/|title=Dallas police shooter a reclusive Army reservist|publisher=CNN|date=July 9, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|first1=Nicole|last1=Gaouette|first2=Steve|last2=Visser}}</ref> the standoff ended at about 2:30 a.m.,<ref name=LATimes.Journal>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-dallas-police-shooting-20160708-snap-story.html|title='Loner' Dallas gunman had bomb materials and kept journal of combat tactics|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|first1=Molly|last1=Hennessy-Fiske|first2=Del Quentin|last2=Wilber|first3=Matt|last3=Pearce}}</ref> when Johnson was killed by about {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} of [[C-4 (explosive)|C-4]] explosive deployed by a [[bomb disposal]] [[remote control vehicle]].<ref name=NBCDFW.Laughed>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Dallas-Police-Identify-Gunman-in-Dallas-Protest-Shootings-386015971.html|title=Lone Gunman Laughed, Sang During Standoff: Sources|publisher=[[KXAS-TV]]|date=July 9, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|first1=Todd L.|last1=Davis|first2=Scott|last2=Friedman}}</ref><ref name=Axe>{{cite web | url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/08/cops-kill-with-a-robot-for-the-1st-time.html | title=Cops Kill With a Robot for the 1st Time | work=[[Daily Beast]] | date=July 8, 2016 | accessdate=July 8, 2016 | last=Axe | first=David}}</ref><ref name=robots> |
Johnson proceeded up a stairwell to the second floor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/crime/headlines/20160708-el-centro-officials-shooting-occurred-from-west-side-building-not-just-east-side-garage.ece |title=El Centro officials: Shooting occurred from west-side building, not just east-side garage |work=The Dallas Morning News |first=Corbett |last=Smith |date=July 8, 2016 |accessdate=July 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name=DallasNews.Glass>{{cite web|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/crime/headlines/20160710-2-el-centro-college-officers-wounded-when-sniper-shot-through-glass-doors.ece|title=2 El Centro College officers wounded when sniper shot through glass doors|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=July 10, 2016|accessdate=July 11, 2016|first=Claire Z.|last=Cardona}}</ref> Officers followed, confronted, and fired at Johnson, apparently hitting and wounding him again.<ref name=NBCDFW.Laughed/> He engaged the officers in a standoff from behind a brick corner, firing intermittently at them.<ref name=DallasNews.RobotWhy/> Officers then opened negotiations. Johnson said he would speak to black police officers only. He also said that he acted alone and was not part of any group. According to Chief Brown, Johnson appeared [[delusion]]al during his standoff. Brown said, "We had negotiated with him for about two hours, and he just basically lied to us, playing games, laughing at us, singing, asking how many did he get and that he wanted to kill some more." After negotiations failed,<ref name=CNN.Reclusive>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/08/us/micah-xavier-johnson-dallas-shooter/|title=Dallas police shooter a reclusive Army reservist|publisher=CNN|date=July 9, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|first1=Nicole|last1=Gaouette|first2=Steve|last2=Visser}}</ref> the standoff ended at about 2:30 a.m.,<ref name=LATimes.Journal>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-dallas-police-shooting-20160708-snap-story.html|title='Loner' Dallas gunman had bomb materials and kept journal of combat tactics|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=July 8, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|first1=Molly|last1=Hennessy-Fiske|first2=Del Quentin|last2=Wilber|first3=Matt|last3=Pearce}}</ref> when Johnson was killed by about {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} of [[C-4 (explosive)|C-4]] explosive deployed by a [[bomb disposal]] [[remote control vehicle]].<ref name=NBCDFW.Laughed>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Dallas-Police-Identify-Gunman-in-Dallas-Protest-Shootings-386015971.html|title=Lone Gunman Laughed, Sang During Standoff: Sources|publisher=[[KXAS-TV]]|date=July 9, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|first1=Todd L.|last1=Davis|first2=Scott|last2=Friedman}}</ref><ref name=Axe>{{cite web | url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/08/cops-kill-with-a-robot-for-the-1st-time.html | title=Cops Kill With a Robot for the 1st Time | work=[[Daily Beast]] | date=July 8, 2016 | accessdate=July 8, 2016 | last=Axe | first=David}}</ref><ref name=robots> |
Revision as of 22:35, 13 July 2016
2016 shooting of Dallas police officers | |
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Location | Main Street and S. Lamar Street, Dallas, Texas, United States[1] |
Coordinates | 32°46′46.4″N 96°48′15.4″W / 32.779556°N 96.804278°W |
Date | July 7–8, 2016 8:58 p.m. – c. 2:30 a.m. (CT) |
Target | White police officers in Dallas |
Attack type | Mass shooting[2] |
Weapons | |
Deaths | 6 (including the perpetrator) |
Injured | 11 |
Perpetrator | Micah Xavier Johnson |
Motive | Anger about Black Lives Matter and the police shootings of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile, anger towards white people[3][4][5] |
On July 7, 2016, Micah Xavier Johnson ambushed and shot a group of people in Dallas, Texas, killing five police officers and injuring nine others. Two civilians were also hurt. Johnson was an Army Reserve Afghan War veteran who was reportedly angry over police shootings of black men and stated that he wanted to kill white people, especially white police officers. The shooting happened at the end of a peaceful Black Lives Matter-organized protest against police killings of Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Philando Castile in Falcon Heights, Minnesota, which had occurred in the preceding days.
Following the shooting, Johnson fled inside a building on the campus of El Centro College. Police followed him there, and a standoff ensued. In the early hours of July 8, police killed Johnson with a bomb attached to a remote control bomb disposal robot. It was the first time U.S. law enforcement used a robot to kill a suspect.
The shooting was the deadliest incident for U.S. law enforcement since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, surpassing March 2009 shootings in Oakland, California, and a November 2009 ambush shooting in Lakewood, Washington, both of which killed four officers.
Background
A Black Lives Matter protest[6][7][8] was organized in Dallas by the Next Generation Action Network in response to the killings of two men, Alton Sterling and Philando Castile, by police officers in Louisiana and Minnesota, respectively, days before.[9] The Dallas protest was one of several held across the United States on the night of July 7.[10] Around 800 protesters were involved, and around 100 police officers were assigned to protect the event and the surrounding area.[4] Before the shooting occurred, no other incidents were reported, and the event was peaceful.[11] About 20 to 30 open-carry gun rights activists joined the protest march, some wearing gas masks, bulletproof vests, and fatigues according to Dallas Police Chief David Brown.[12][13][14][15]
Events
Shooting
Johnson began shooting at 8:58 p.m.[16] A civilian reported hearing 50 to 75 shots.[11] Chief Brown said that some of the officers were shot in the back, and that Johnson had some knowledge of the protest route.[16][2] He later said that Johnson had driven his vehicle ahead of the protesters to observe their path, and found an opportunity to shoot from nearby elevated positions in buildings.[17] Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings said that Johnson fired from different floors of a nearby building.[18] Eleven officers fired back.[19] During the shooting, officers, unaware where the shots were coming from, scrambled to block intersections and were exposed to gunfire as a result.[17]
Another civilian recorded cell phone video of the event from his hotel balcony. The video showed Johnson, clad in tactical clothing and armed with a rifle, at street level loading his rifle and firing indiscriminately to draw officers near his position. When one officer approached a corner, Johnson engaged him in a gunfight, forcing the officer to take cover behind a concrete pillar. Johnson fired at one side of the pillar, then ran over to the other side, ambushed the officer, and shot him multiple times from behind at point-blank range, killing him. After firing additional gunshots into the officer's body, Johnson fled upon being shot at by additional officers.[20]
Standoff and shooter's death
Following the shooting, Johnson was shot and injured, and fled to the campus of El Centro College, where he shot out a locked glass door of Building C. In the process, he wounded two campus police officers who heard gunfire earlier and were responding; one was shot in the stomach underneath his bulletproof vest, while the other was hit by flying glass.[21] Initial reports placed Johnson in the school's parking garage but Chief Brown later said the final confrontation was in the college itself.[22]
Johnson proceeded up a stairwell to the second floor.[23][21] Officers followed, confronted, and fired at Johnson, apparently hitting and wounding him again.[24] He engaged the officers in a standoff from behind a brick corner, firing intermittently at them.[25] Officers then opened negotiations. Johnson said he would speak to black police officers only. He also said that he acted alone and was not part of any group. According to Chief Brown, Johnson appeared delusional during his standoff. Brown said, "We had negotiated with him for about two hours, and he just basically lied to us, playing games, laughing at us, singing, asking how many did he get and that he wanted to kill some more." After negotiations failed,[26] the standoff ended at about 2:30 a.m.,[27] when Johnson was killed by about 1 pound (0.45 kilograms) of C-4 explosive deployed by a bomb disposal remote control vehicle.[24][28][29][30][31] The robot, while sustaining damage to its extended arm, was still functional. [32]
It was later discovered that Johnson scrawled the letters "RB" in his own blood while in the college, apparently after being wounded while making his way up a stairwell.[33][34] The meaning of "RB" and other markings made by Johnson was unclear, and investigators subsequently attempted to discern its meaning.[33][34][35]
Chief Brown said Johnson declared he had placed explosives in downtown Dallas.[16][36] A sweep of downtown Dallas found no presence of explosives.[9]
Victims
Five officers were killed and nine others and two civilians were injured.[21][37][38]
Most of the victims were shot during the protests, and at least one other during a shootout.[39][40] The dead comprised one Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) officer and four Dallas Police Department (DPD) officers.[9] Four of the injured officers were from DPD, three were from DART,[27] and two were from El Centro College.[21][41][42] Seven of the injured officers were treated at Parkland Memorial Hospital.[43] Two officers underwent surgery.[44] One civilian was shot in the back of the leg, breaking her tibia.[45]
The officers killed were identified as:
- DPD Sgt. Michael Smith, 55, a former Army Ranger[49] who had been with the department since 1989;[9][50][51]
- DART Officer Brent Thompson, 43, a former Marine[52] who had been with the department since 2009 (Thompson was the first DART officer to be killed in the line of duty since the department's inception in 1989.);[9][53] and
- DPD Officer Patrick Zamarripa, 32, a former Navy sailor[52] and Iraq War veteran who had been with the department since 2011.[9][54]
This was the deadliest single incident for law enforcement officers in the United States since 72 died in the September 11 attacks,[1] surpassing two 2009 shootings in Lakewood, Washington, and Oakland, California, where four officers each were killed.[55][56]
Perpetrator
Micah Xavier Johnson | |
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File:PV2 Micah Xavier Johnson, U.S. Army.jpg | |
Born | c. 1991 |
Died | (aged 25) Dallas, Texas, U.S. |
Cause of death | Blunt trauma resulting from explosion[28] |
Nationality | American |
Occupation(s) | U.S. Army reservist, caregiver |
Micah Xavier Johnson (c. 1991 – July 8, 2016) was a resident of Mesquite, Texas.[9][57][53] When he was four, his parents divorced. Johnson attended John Horn High School and participated in its Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program, according to the Mesquite Independent School District.[58] He graduated from high school in 2009.[59] In the spring of 2011, he enrolled in four classes at Richland College, but never completed any of them.[60]
Employment, military service, and discharge
Johnson had served in the U.S. Army Reserve from March 2009 to April 2015, serving as a carpentry and masonry specialist.[61] According to an employment application made by Johnson seven months before his death, he worked in a Jimmy John's sandwich shop in north Dallas beginning in 2010, and took a position as a quality assurance worker at a Garland, Texas truck plant in 2012.[59]
Johnson was on active duty from September 2013 until his discharge in April 2015.[59] Johnson held the rank of private first class and was deployed to Afghanistan from November 2013 to July 2014[2][62] with the 420th Engineer Brigade.[63] He completed basic training, which required qualification on handling of an M16 rifle or M4 carbine, basic rifles for U.S. military personnel.[64] People who knew Johnson during his time in the Army described him as openly religious and often socializing with white soldiers.[60]
In May 2014, during his deployment, he was accused of sexual harassment by a female soldier, who sought a protective order against him and said that he needed mental health counseling.[65][66][67] The Army sent Johnson home, and according to the military lawyer who represented Johnson at the time, the Army initiated proceedings to give Johnson an "other than honorable discharge," which the lawyer viewed as "highly unusual" because counseling is usually ordered before more drastic steps.[67][65] On the advice of his attorney, Johnson waived his right to a hearing in exchange for a reduced charge,[65] and he was honorably discharged in September 2014, apparently as a result of an Army error.[66] Johnson remained in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR), and was part of the IRR at the time of his death.[59]
Johnson received an Afghanistan Campaign Medal with a campaign star, an Army Achievement Medal, a Global War on Terrorism Service Medal, an Armed Forces Reserve Medal, and a NATO Medal for his tour of duty in Afghanistan. The awards are frequently issued to military personnel who served in a war zone.[26][63]
At the time of his death, Johnson was working as an in-home caregiver for his mentally disabled adult brother. Both men lived with their mother in her home.[68][59] He had no criminal record in Texas.[9]
Motive
Chief Brown said that Johnson, who was black, was upset about recent police shootings and the Black Lives Matter movement, and "stated he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers."[4][5] A friend and former coworker of Johnson's described him as "always [being] distrustful of the police."[58] Another former coworker said he seemed "very affected" by recent police shootings of black men.[60] A friend said that Johnson had anger management problems and would repeatedly watch video of the 1991 beating of Rodney King by police officers.[69]
Investigators have found no ties between Johnson and international terrorist or domestic extremist groups.[61]
An investigation into his online activities uncovered his interest in black nationalist groups.[65] The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) and news outlets reported that Johnson "liked" the Facebook pages of black nationalist organizations such as the New Black Panther Party (NBPP), Nation of Islam, and Black Riders Liberation Army, three groups which are listed by the SPLC as hate groups.[70] On Facebook, Johnson posted an angry and "disjointed" post against white people on July 2, several days before the attack.[71]
NBPP head Quanell X said after the shooting that Johnson had been a member of the NBPP's Houston chapter for about six months, several years before.[72] Quanell X added that Johnson had been "asked to leave" the group for violating the organization's "chain of command" and espousing dangerous rhetoric, such as asking the NBPP why they had not purchased more weapons and ammunition.[73][74] Following the shooting, a national NBPP leader distanced the group from Johnson, saying that he "was not a member of" the party.[74]
Johnson also "liked" the Facebook page of the African American Defense League, whose leader, Dr. Mauricelm-Lei Millere, called for the murders of police officers across the U.S. following the fatal 2014 shooting of Laquan McDonald.[65][74] In response to the police killing of Alton Sterling, the organization had "posted a message earlier in the week encouraging violence against police".[66]
Johnson's Facebook profile photo depicted Johnson raising his arm in a Black Power salute, along with images of a Black Power symbol and a flag associated with the Pan-Africanism movement.[65][71] These symbols have long represented nonviolent black empowerment, "but have also been co-opted by extremist groups with racist views."[65]
Conversely, people familiar with Johnson during his military service believed he may have been severely stressed with serving in a combat zone. They also said he had little interest in the topics of racial injustice and the shooting of Trayvon Martin that occurred at the time.[60] In an interview, Johnson's parents said that he was once extroverted and patriotic, and wanted to become a police officer. Following his discharge from the Army, they described him as disillusioned, reclusive, and resentful of the U.S. government; and believed he had been disappointed by his experience in the military.[67][75]
Planning and preparation
Chief Brown said that while Johnson had been planning the shooting before the deaths of Sterling and Philando Castile, both incidents served as the trigger to commit the shooting and that he saw the Dallas protest as "an opportunity" to attack police officers.[76] Johnson had offered to work security at an anti-Donald Trump rally led by Dallas civil rights activist Reverend Peter Johnson on June 16, but he insisted on bringing a gun, so the reverend declined.[77]
According to police and a neighbor, Johnson practiced military exercises in his backyard.[78][79] In 2014, Johnson received training and instruction at a private self-defense school that teaches special tactics such as "shooting on the move", in which a gunman quickly fires and then changes position before resuming gunfire.[80] The tactic was designed to keep a gunman's location uncertain and create the impression of multiple shooters.[81] Investigators believed that he began amassing his arsenal around the same time, stockpiling guns and gathering chemicals and electronic devices needed to build explosives and PVC piping.[64][82]
Aftermath
DART suspended service in downtown Dallas after the shooting, but resumed the next morning with the exception of West End station.[1][83] The Federal Aviation Administration issued a temporary flight restriction of civilian aircraft for the immediate vicinity in which the shooting occurred, allowing only police aircraft in the airspace.[84] El Centro College cancelled all classes on July 8.[1]
Chief Brown said that police efforts to identify the gunman was made more difficult by the presence of up to thirty civilians openly carrying rifles during the protest, which is legal in Texas. Brown stated, "We're trying as best we can as a law enforcement community to make it work so that citizens can express their Second Amendment rights. But it's increasingly challenging when people have AR-15s slung over their shoulder and they're in a crowd. We don't know who the good guy is versus the bad guy when everyone starts shooting." In an interview after the shooting, Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings said that he supported changing state law to restrict the public carrying of rifles and shotguns so that the police could distinguish between suspects and civilians more easily during crises.[85][86]
Investigation
There were conflicting reports on the type of semi-automatic rifle that Johnson used during the shooting.[87] Clay Jenkins, the Dallas County chief executive and the director of homeland security and emergency management, stated that Johnson used an SKS.[78][87] The Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, and NBC News, all citing unnamed officials familiar with the investigation, reported that Johnson used a Izhmash-Saiga 5.45mm high-powered rifle, which is a variation on the AK-74.[87][88][89][90][91]
The New York Daily News did an interview with a man who sold Johnson an AK-47-type rifle in November 2014. The man said he sold Johnson the rifle and made the deal in a Target parking lot. When the man asked the ATF if his weapon played a part in the shooting, the ATF agent who responded said, "All we can say is it was recovered. We're just finding out everything we can."[92]
In addition to the rifle, Johnson carried at least one handgun with a high-capacity magazine during the attack.[78] CNN, citing an unnamed official, reported that two handguns were recovered, one a Glock 19 Gen4 pistol and the other a Fraser .25-caliber.[89]
The FBI reported that Johnson wore ballistic body armor with plates during the shooting.[33]
Johnson's family home was searched by authorities the day after the shooting.[93] Bomb-making materials, ballistic vests, two rifles, ammunition, and a "personal journal of combat tactics" containing "instruction on shooting techniques and tactical movements" were recovered from the home by detectives.[27][31][90][94] Chief Brown reported that the journal included "quite a bit of rambling ... that's hard to decipher."[33]
Chief Brown said that recovered evidence pointed to Johnson practicing detonations and having enough explosive material to cause "devastating effects" throughout Dallas and the North Texas area.[17] Statements were taken from three hundred witnesses and officers during the course of the investigation.[95] Investigators are examining Johnson's laptop, journal, and cell phone, along with 170 hours of body camera footage.[17][95]
Officials initially said two or more snipers carried out the shooting, but later said that Johnson appears to have been the lone gunman, with all of the gunshots traced back to him. Three other people were taken into custody by police, "but officials have not said what roles they may have played."[5][96][97] These three included two persons seen carrying camouflage bags and leaving the shooting scene on Lamar Street. They were both stopped and detained after a six-mile chase.[98] The detained persons were all later determined to be fleeing protesters who were either armed or carrying ammunition gear.[94] However, police announced on July 9 that they were continuing to investigate whether Johnson acted alone or conspired with others in planning the shooting.[99] Investigators obtained a search warrant to look for phone numbers connected to Johnson.[90]
Use of a police robot to kill Johnson
The killing of Johnson was the first time in United States history a robot was used by police to deliver lethal force against a suspect.[100] The Remotec ANDROS Mark V-A1,[101] a bomb disposal remote control vehicle used by police, was rigged with about 1 pound (0.45 kilograms) of C-4 explosive.[24][28][29][30][31] The decision to kill Johnson with a robot was made after it was concluded that the heavily-armed assailant had secured himself behind a brick corner, with no safe way for police to rush him or reach him with a sniper.[25]
There were various reactions to the lethal use of a robot by police. P. W. Singer, a robotics expert at the New America Foundation, said it was the first instance of which he was aware of a robot being used lethally by police.[102][103][104] Seth Stoughton, an assistant professor of law at the University of South Carolina, said, "This is sort of a new horizon for police technology. Robots have been around for a while, but using them to deliver lethal force raises some new issues."[105]
To this effect, Stoughton said, "I'm not aware of any police department having on hand something that is intended to be used as a weaponized explosive." He believed that the manner in which the police used the robot was justified due to Johnson being an imminent threat to police personnel and civilians, stating, "The circumstances that justify lethal force justify lethal force in essentially every form."[105] Security researcher Matt Blaze tweeted that he was concerned about how the control link to the robot was secured.[106]
Reactions
Texas Governor Greg Abbott ordered the director of the Texas Department of Public Safety to offer any assistance to Dallas when requested. He also said: "In times like this we must remember—and emphasize—the importance of uniting as Americans."[107] Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick attributed the violence to individuals on social media, "former Black Lives Matter protesters" and others with anti-police views,[108] later expressing regret for his statement.[109]
President Barack Obama called the shootings a "vicious, calculated, despicable attack" and a "tremendous tragedy".[110] He also made immediate calls for gun control.[111] The Fraternal Order of Police, the largest police union in the U.S., called for the shooting to be investigated as a hate crime[112][113] and criticized President Obama's response, saying that he needed to speak for everyone and not give one speech for police officers and another speech for African Americans.[112]
External videos | |
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"Memorial Service for Slain Dallas Police Officers", C-SPAN, July 12, 2016[114] |
An interfaith memorial to the dead officers was held at Dallas's Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center on July 12. Former President George W. Bush, a Texan, and President Obama both spoke.[115][116] Obama praised the Dallas police as heroes and called the killings "an act not just of demented violence but of racial hatred."[115] In the aftermath, Obama urged Americans not to give in to despair, saying, "[W]e are not so divided as we seem."[115][117]
Attorney General Loretta Lynch said that agents from the ATF, FBI, Marshals Service, and other U.S. Department of Justice agencies were on the scene working with state and local agencies. Lynch stated that the proper response to uncertainty and fear "is never violence" but rather is "calm, peaceful, collaborative and determined action."[118][119] Lynch said, "To all Americans, I ask you, I implore you, do not let this week precipitate a new normal in this country."[119]
Leaders associated with the Black Lives Matter movement condemned the shooting.[120]
After the shootings at Dallas, Louisiana, and Minnesota, the Bahamian government issued a travel advisory telling citizens to use caution when traveling to the U.S. due to racial tensions. They specifically advised that young men use "extreme caution" when interacting with police and to be non-confrontational and cooperative.[121][122]
See also
- 1985 MOVE bombing
- 2014 killings of NYPD officers
- 2015 attack on Dallas police
- Gun violence in the United States
- List of American police officers killed in the line of duty
- List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States
References
- ^ a b c d "Sniper Ambush Kills 5 Officers, Injures 7 in Dallas Following Peaceful Protest". NBC DFW. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
- ^ a b c Achenbach, Joel; Wan, William; Berman, Mark; Balingit, Moriah (July 8, 2016). "Five Dallas police officers were killed by a lone attacker, authorities say". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
- ^ "Dallas Police shed light on gunman's possible motives". ABC News. July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
The suspect said he was upset about Black Lives Matter. He said he was upset about the recent police shootings. The suspect said he was upset at white people. The suspect stated he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers.
- ^ a b c Bruton, F. Brinley; Smith, Alexander; Chuck, Elizabeth; Helsel, Phil (July 7, 2016). "Dallas Police 'Ambush': 12 Officers Shot, 5 Killed During Protest". NBC News. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
- ^ a b c Shapiro, Emily; Jacobo, Julia; Wash, Stephanie (July 9, 2016). "Dallas Shooting Suspect Micah Xavier Johnson Had Rifles, Bomb-Making Materials in His Home, Police Say". ABC News. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- ^ "Dallas Shootings: Sniper Fire Kills Five Police Officers at Black Lives Matter Protest". Newsweek. Reuters. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- ^ Legum, Judd (July 7, 2016). "12 Officers Shot, 5 Killed, At Black Lives Matter Protest in Dallas". Think Progress. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- ^ Workneh, Lilly (July 8, 2016). "Don't Blame Black Lives Matter For The Deaths Of Dallas Cops". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j McGee, Patrick; Fernandez, Manny; Bromwich, Jonah Engel (July 7, 2016). "Snipers Kill 5 Dallas Officers at Protest Against Police Shootings". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
- ^ Gunaratna, Shanika (July 7, 2016). "12 officers shot at Dallas protest against police shootings". CBS News. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
- ^ a b "11 Dallas Police and DART Officers Wounded, 5 Fatally, at Rally to Protest Police Shootings". Dallas Observer. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
- ^ Pane, Lisa Marie. "Friend or foe? Open-carry law poses challenge to police". News West 9. Associated Press. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
- ^ "Friend or foe? Open-carry law poses challenge to police". U.S. News & World Report. July 11, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
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