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==Background== |
==Background== |
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[[File:La_Promenade_des_Anglais_(14668462882).jpg|thumb|left|upright|250px|[[Bastille Day]] celebrations on beach below [[Promenade des Anglais]], 2014]] |
[[File:La_Promenade_des_Anglais_(14668462882).jpg|thumb|left|upright|250px|[[Bastille Day]] celebrations on beach below [[Promenade des Anglais]], 2014]] |
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In 2010, the [[al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]] (AQAP) propaganda magazine ''[[Inspire (magazine)|Inspire]]'' recommended: "use a truck like a lawn mower. Go to the more densely populated areas and take the maximum speed to do the most damage. If you have access to a gun, use it to finish the job."<ref>[http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1890411-20160715-attentat-nice-encore-revendication-daesh-decrit-mode-operatoire-2014 20 Minutes, "Attentat à Nice: Pas encore de revendication mais Daesh avait décrit le mode opératoire en 2014 |
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"]</ref> [[ISIS]] spokeman, [[Abu Mohammad al-Adnani]], said in an audio message in September 2014: "If you can not find explosive or ammunition, then isolate the American infidel, the French infidel, or any of his allies. Crush his head with stones, kill him with a knife, flip him with your car, throw him from a cliff, smother him or poison him."<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2014/09/22/01003-20140922ARTFIG00173-la-menace-de-l-etat-islamique-est-a-prendre-tres-au-serieux.php Le Figaro, "La menace de l'Etat islamique est à prendre «très au sérieux»"] </ref> <ref>[http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1890411-20160715-attentat-nice-encore-revendication-daesh-decrit-mode-operatoire-2014 20 Minutes, "Attentat à Nice: Pas encore de revendication mais Daesh avait décrit le mode opératoire en 2014 |
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"]</ref> |
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On the morning before the attack, [[French President]] [[François Hollande]] said the [[States of emergency in France|state of emergency]] put in place after the November 2015 Paris attacks would end after the [[Tour de France]] finished on 26 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20160714-hollande-fin-etat-durgence-ei-tour-france-26-juillet-terrorisme-attentats-13-novembre|title=Hollande confirms the end of a state of emergency after the Tour de France|publisher=[[France 24]]|accessdate=14 July 2016}}</ref> France had just finished hosting the [[UEFA Euro 2016|Euro 2016]] football tournament, during which the country had extensive security measures in place and deployed many soldiers.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/07/euro-2016-creates-huge-security-headache-for-french-police | title = Euro 2016 fan zones in spotlight as France finalises huge security operation | first = Angelique | last = Chrisafis | work = The Guardian | accessdate = 16 July 2016}}</ref> |
On the morning before the attack, [[French President]] [[François Hollande]] said the [[States of emergency in France|state of emergency]] put in place after the November 2015 Paris attacks would end after the [[Tour de France]] finished on 26 July 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20160714-hollande-fin-etat-durgence-ei-tour-france-26-juillet-terrorisme-attentats-13-novembre|title=Hollande confirms the end of a state of emergency after the Tour de France|publisher=[[France 24]]|accessdate=14 July 2016}}</ref> France had just finished hosting the [[UEFA Euro 2016|Euro 2016]] football tournament, during which the country had extensive security measures in place and deployed many soldiers.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/07/euro-2016-creates-huge-security-headache-for-french-police | title = Euro 2016 fan zones in spotlight as France finalises huge security operation | first = Angelique | last = Chrisafis | work = The Guardian | accessdate = 16 July 2016}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 13:19, 16 July 2016
2016 Nice attack | |
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Location | Promenade des Anglais, Nice, France |
Coordinates | 43°41′37″N 7°15′21″E / 43.6936°N 7.2557°E |
Date | 14 July 2016 (Bastille Day) c. 22:40 CEST (UTC+02:00) |
Attack type | Vehicular assault |
Weapons | Cargo truck and a handgun |
Deaths | 85 (including the attacker)[1][2] |
Injured | 202 (52 critically)[3] |
Perpetrator | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[4][5][6] |
Assailant | Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel |
On the evening of 14 July 2016, Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, a Tunisian resident of France,[7][8] deliberately drove a 19-tonne cargo truck into a crowd celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, killing 84 people and injuring hundreds more.[3][9][10] He was shot and killed by police. The incident was described as the third major terrorist attack in France since January 2015, following the Île-de-France attacks on 7–9 January 2015 and the Paris attacks on 13 November 2015.[10] The so called Islamic State also known as ISIS or ISIL claimed the responsibility for the attack.[11]
Background
In 2010, the al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) propaganda magazine Inspire recommended: "use a truck like a lawn mower. Go to the more densely populated areas and take the maximum speed to do the most damage. If you have access to a gun, use it to finish the job."[12] ISIS spokeman, Abu Mohammad al-Adnani, said in an audio message in September 2014: "If you can not find explosive or ammunition, then isolate the American infidel, the French infidel, or any of his allies. Crush his head with stones, kill him with a knife, flip him with your car, throw him from a cliff, smother him or poison him."[13] [14]
On the morning before the attack, French President François Hollande said the state of emergency put in place after the November 2015 Paris attacks would end after the Tour de France finished on 26 July 2016.[15] France had just finished hosting the Euro 2016 football tournament, during which the country had extensive security measures in place and deployed many soldiers.[16]
In Nice, on the evening of 14 July, thousands of people were celebrating Bastille Day on the waterfront, including a fireworks display.[17][18]
Attack
At approximately 22:10 CEST (20:10 UTC), 30 minutes before the incident, a large white cargo truck was seen approaching the Promenade des Anglais, driving erratically. The truck then turned on to the Promenade and headed southwest.[18]
The fireworks were finishing at approximately 22:40 CEST (20:40 UTC),[19] when the truck breached the vehicle barriers opposite the Lenval children's hospital.[18] A motorcyclist tried to overtake the truck and open the driver's side door but fell under the truck's wheels. Watching this, two nearby police officers opened fire on the truck.[20] At this point, the driver sped up, drove northeast, and plunged into the crowds on the Promenade, swerving to hit pedestrians. Police tried to stop it with gunfire, and the driver shot back at them, as well as at people in the crowd. The driver continued for 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), killing and injuring pedestrians. According to eyewitness Éric Ciotti, an individual jumped onto the truck, distracting and drawing gunfire from the driver[21] while the police surrounded the truck near the Palais de la Méditerranée hotel.[18] The vehicle was raked with gunfire and the driver killed.[18][22]
Police recovered a magazine, a fake grenade and pistol, and replica Kalashnikov and M16 rifles from the lorry.[23]
Perpetrator
After the attack, French media identified the perpetrator as Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, a 31-year-old man of Tunisian nationality,[24] born in Tunisia, with a French residency permit and living in Nice.[8] He was reported to have had financial difficulties and to have worked as a driver, acquiring a truck permit less than a year before the attack.[24] His parents are divorced and live in France.[3] According to his father, Bouhlel had undergone psychiatric treatment.[25] According to media reports, Bouhlel was known to police for five prior criminal offenses, notably regarding armed violence.[26] He was not registered as a national security risk (fiche "S") with French authorities.[24]
Witnesses said Bouhlel shouted "Allahu Akbar" during the attack, but those reports[27] have not been confirmed by officials.[28] According to his neighbours, he did not pray at mosques, and was "more into women than religion".[29] A cousin of Bouhlel's wife corroborated this.[26]
Bouhlel was not known by Tunisian authorities to have been involved in any terrorism activities in Tunisia.[3] The French prosecutor said the attack "bore the hallmarks of jihadist terrorism" but that no group had claimed responsibility for the attack,[3] and a preliminary investigation by French officials has not connected Bouhlel to any international terror groups.[30]
French Prime Minister Manuel Valls said Bouhlel was "probably linked to radical Islam in one way or another", and put the attack in the context of a "war" against terrorism and radical Islam both outside and within France.[31] This claim was immediately contradicted by the French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve who said "We have an individual who was not known to intelligence services for activities linked to radical Islam" and who could not confirm Bouhlel's motives were linked to jihadism.[3] On 16 July, Cazeneuve however stated that "It seems that he [Bouhlel] radicalized himself very quickly," as part of findings in early investigations.[32]
Bouhlel had a history of petty crimes, but no links to terrorist organizations or militant extremists that have recently staged attacks on France.[10]
Victims
Nationality | Dead | Injured | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Algeria | 3 | [33] | |
Armenia | 2 | [34][35] | |
Australia | 3 | [36] | |
Belgium | 1 | 1 | [37] |
Brazil | 1 | [38] | |
China | 2 | [39] | |
Czechia | 1 | ||
Estonia | 3 | [40] | |
France | 19 | ||
Germany | 3 | 2 | [41][42] |
Ireland | 1 | [43] | |
Italy | 3 | [44] | |
Kazakhstan | 1 | [37] | |
Malaysia | 1 | [45] | |
Morocco | 3 | [46] | |
Netherlands | 2 | [47] | |
Poland | 2 | [48] | |
Portugal | 1 | [49] | |
Romania | 2 | ||
Russia | 2 | 1 | [50][33] |
Singapore | 1 | [34][51] | |
Switzerland | 2 | [34][37] | |
Tunisia | 3 | [33][52] | |
Ukraine | 1 | 2 | [53] |
United Kingdom | 1 | [33] | |
United States | 2 | [34][54] | |
Not yet confirmed | 54 | 184 | |
Total | 84+ | 202 | [3] |
Bouhlel killed 84 people and injured 202, 52 critically; 25 remained on life support the next day. At least 10 of the dead were children or teenagers.[3][10] Along with many French, numerous foreigners also died.[3][55][56] Iranian journalist Maryam Violet said Muslims were among the victims; she saw some wearing hijabs or speaking Arabic.[57][58][59]
Reactions
Amaq News Agency, an online presence said to be affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), cited a "security source" which said Bouhlel "carried out the operation in response to calls to target nationals of states that are part of the coalition fighting Islamic State".[60]
Immediately after the attack, when it remained unclear whether the threat had ended, people used social media, particularly Twitter, to help others find shelter, using the hashtag #PortesOuvertesNice (Open Doors Nice), a variation of a hashtag used in other recent attacks in France.[61][62][63]
President François Hollande returned to Paris from Avignon to have an emergency Interior Ministry meeting regarding the attacks.[64] Hollande addressed the French nation in a televised broadcast from Paris in the early morning of 15 July 2016 announcing future measures against terrorism, including a three-month extension of the state of emergency, previously due to end on 26 July.[3] He also announced more security personnel would be deployed.[65] The Prime Minister of France Manuel Valls later announced three days of national mourning on 16–18 July.[3]
Minister of the Interior Bernard Cazeneuve initiated the ORSEC plan immediately following the attacks.[66]
On July 15, Bouhlel's wife and another man were arrested, followed by three more men the next day. The French prosecutor's office did not immediately disclose who the men are or why anyone was detained.[67][26]
See also
- List of massacres in France
- List of terrorist incidents in France
- List of terrorist incidents in July 2016
- Terrorism in France
- Vehicular assault as a terrorist tactic
References
- ^ "EN DIRECT – Attentat sur la promenade des Anglais à Nice". Le Figaro (in French). France. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ "Terror Attack on Nice: At Least 80 Dead After Grenade-Filled Truck Plows Into Crowd, Officials Say". ABC. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Latest updates on France lorry attack". BBC. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Islamic State claims responsibility for Nice truck attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ "Islamic State Says It Was Behind Deadly Nice Attack". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ "ISIL claims responsibility for inspiring Nice attack; 5 detained by police". USA Today. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ "Attentat de Nice : ce que l'on sait du chauffeur, Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel". Nouvel Obs (in French). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Attentat à Nice : le suspect a été formellement identifié" (in French). Europe1. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Attentat à Nice: au coins 84 persons tunes par le camion fou". Paris Match (in French). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d Breeden, Alissa J. Rubin, Adam Nossiter, Aurelien; Blaise, Lilia (15 July 2016). "Death Toll From Terrorist Attack in Nice, France, Rises to 84". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/world/europe/isis-nice-france-attack.html
- ^ [http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1890411-20160715-attentat-nice-encore-revendication-daesh-decrit-mode-operatoire-2014 20 Minutes, "Attentat à Nice: Pas encore de revendication mais Daesh avait décrit le mode opératoire en 2014 "]
- ^ Le Figaro, "La menace de l'Etat islamique est à prendre «très au sérieux»"
- ^ [http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1890411-20160715-attentat-nice-encore-revendication-daesh-decrit-mode-operatoire-2014 20 Minutes, "Attentat à Nice: Pas encore de revendication mais Daesh avait décrit le mode opératoire en 2014 "]
- ^ "Hollande confirms the end of a state of emergency after the Tour de France". France 24. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ Chrisafis, Angelique. "Euro 2016 fan zones in spotlight as France finalises huge security operation". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ Higgins, Andrew (14 July 2016). "In Nice, a Vibrant Celebration Gives Way to a Trail of Death". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Nice attack: What we know of the Bastille Day killings". BBC. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "At least 74 killed as truck plows into crowd in Nice, France, on Bastille Day". The Jerusalem Post.
- ^ Willgress, Lydia; Samuel, Henry (15 July 2016). "Hero motorcyclist attempted to stop Nice terror attacker". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ "How the Truck Was Stopped". The New York Times. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Almasy, Steve (14 July 2016). "Live updates: Truck driver attacks crowd in Nice, killing dozens". CNN.
- ^ "Lorry have guns inside". BBC. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b c "Attentat de Nice : ce que l'on sait du tueur du 14 juillet". Atlantico (in French). 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Nice attack: Father of lorry killer speaks out as police make arrests". Evening Standard. 16 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ a b c Payton, Matt (15 July 2016). "Nice terror attack: Police arrest killer Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel's wife". The Independent. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Henderson, Barney; Graham, Chris; Gurney-Read, Josie (14 July 2016). "84 killed in Nice by lorry during Bastille Day celebrations – how the attack unfolded". The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
2:19 am 'Driver was 31-year-old from Nice' The local newspaper, Nice-Matin, said the man driving the truck was a 31-year-old Nice resident of Tunisian origin. The truck driver was said to have shouted 'Allahu Akbar' – God is greatest – before being shot dead by police.
- ^ Sini, Rozina (15 July 2016). "Nice lorry attack sparks false rumours on social media". BBC News. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Who is the Nice terror attack suspect? Everything we know so far about Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel". 16 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ "Here's What We Know About The Suspect in the Nice Attack". BuzzFeed.
- ^ "France's Valls says Nice attacker linked 'one way or another' to radical Islam". Reuters. 15 July 2016.
- ^ "ISIS Claims Responsibility for Attack in Nice, France". The New York Times. 16 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Nice Terror Attack Victims' Names And Nationalities Revealed After France Bastille Day Massacre". International Business Times. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Dozens killed during Bastille Day celebrations". BBC News. 15 July 2016.
- ^ "The Latest: Truck is new dimension of attacks in Europe". WFIE. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Nice attack: Julie Bishop confirms three Australians injured in 'horrific' terrorist assault". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b c "One Belgian among the victims in Nice". De Redactie. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Brazilian had a leg injury and will stay one month on wheelchair, says mother". Folha de S. Paulo. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Two Chinese injured in Nice attack". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "The Latest: Neighbors: police raided suspect's old address". WBRC. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Terror in Nice: Details of victims emerge". WUSA. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Who were the victims of the Nice truck rampage?". The Local. France. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Nice: 'Serious concerns' over Irishman caught up in attack". BBC News.
- ^ "Attentato Nizza: camion sulla folla e spari, 84 morti. «10 bambini uccisi» È stato un nizzardo di origini tunisine". Corriere della Sera (in Italian).
- ^ "Malaysian student injured in Nice attack". The Star. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "At Least Three Moroccans Killed in Nice Attack". Morocco World News. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Twee Nederlandse kinderen gewond in Nice". Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Dwie Polki wśród ofiar zamachu w Nicei. Znamy szczegóły". Onet.pl (in Polish).
- ^ "Governo confirma um português entre os feridos do atentado de Nice". Jornal de Negócios (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Who are the victims of the Nice terror attack?". The Daily Telegraph. 15 July 2016.
- ^ "One Singaporean injured in Nice after attack: MFA". Today. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ "What We Know About The Victims of the Attack in Nice". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "The number of victims of the terrorist attack Ukrainian increased in Nice". Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 15 July 2016.
- ^ "France reels as Bastille Day attack leaves 84 dead in Nice". Associated Press.
- ^ "Three Germans on school trip 'among Nice terror victims'". The Local. Germany. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Berlin students reportedly among dead in Nice". DW.com. 15 July 2016.
- ^ Naar, Ismaeel (15 July 2016). "Many Muslims reportedly killed in Nice truck attack". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Cockburn, Harry. "Nice attack: Many Muslims reportedly among 84 killed by lorry". The Independent. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Nice: 'Ma mère est morte dans l'attentat. Elle pratiquait un vrai islam'". L'Express (in French). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Nice terror attack: Isis claims responsibility for lorry massacre in French coastal city". The Independent. 16 July 2016.
- ^ Sinnott, John. "#PortesOuvertesNice: City reacts to terror". CNN. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Mezzofiore, Gianluca. "#PortesOuvertesNice offers accommodation for survivors of Nice attack". Mashable. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "#PortesOuvertesNice, le hashtag pour offrir et demander de l'aide". Le Huffington Post (in French). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Nice: Holland returned from Avignon and goes directly to the Crisis place Beauvau". France 3. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ "LIVE. 'Terrorist' attack in Nice: Holland will extend state of emergency". L'Express. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ "'Numerous victims' triggered the Orsec plan, announces Minister of the Interior". L'Obs. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ "Police make arrests over deadly truck attack in Nice", various wire services, via Deutsche-Welle
External links
- Summary and live updates at France 24
- Summary and live updates at BBC News (closed)
- Continuing updates at BBC News
- live updates at The New York Times