Use original satellite photo, where north is at the top. Add detail from it. Align images vertically to avoid horizontal scrolling. |
PraetorianFury (talk | contribs) We shouldn't be quoting "an inhabitant" or "one man" |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, burning of crop waste in farmers' fields, and the 20 October<ref name=qq>{{cite web|url=http://news.qq.com/a/20131021/006914.htm |title=哈尔滨重度雾霾第二日:全市停课 交通瘫痪_新闻_腾讯网 [Second Day of severe Haze in Harbin]|publisher=News.qq.com |date=21 October 2013 |accessdate=23 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KajCdx3B|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> start-up of Harbin's coal-powered [[district heating]] system.<ref>{{citenews|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-24579101|title=Northern China smog closes schools and airport in Harbin|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=21 October 2013}}</ref> Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to {{convert|-40|°C|F}}, necessitating a six-month heating season.<ref>{{citenews|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/china/8884997/Harbin-China-Kingdom-of-ice.html|title=Harbin, China: Kingdom of Ice|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=13 November 2011|accessdate=24 |
Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, burning of crop waste in farmers' fields, and the 20 October<ref name=qq>{{cite web|url=http://news.qq.com/a/20131021/006914.htm |title=哈尔滨重度雾霾第二日:全市停课 交通瘫痪_新闻_腾讯网 [Second Day of severe Haze in Harbin]|publisher=News.qq.com |date=21 October 2013 |accessdate=23 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KajCdx3B|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> start-up of Harbin's coal-powered [[district heating]] system.<ref>{{citenews|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-24579101|title=Northern China smog closes schools and airport in Harbin|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=21 October 2013}}</ref> Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to {{convert|-40|°C|F}}, necessitating a six-month heating season.<ref>{{citenews|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/china/8884997/Harbin-China-Kingdom-of-ice.html|title=Harbin, China: Kingdom of Ice|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=13 November 2011|accessdate=24 October 2013}}</ref> |
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[[Air pollution in China|Air pollution in Chinese cities]] is of increasing concern to China's leadership.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/us-china-smog-idUSBRE99K02Z20131021 China smog emergency shuts city of 11 million people] Reuters 21 October 2013</ref> [[Particulates]] in the air can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancies by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.<ref>{{cite web|work=National Geographic|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/10/131022-harbin-ice-city-smog-crisis-china-coal/|title=Harbin Smog Crisis Highlights China's Coal Problem|date=22 October 2013|accessdate=23 October 2013}}</ref> |
[[Air pollution in China|Air pollution in Chinese cities]] is of increasing concern to China's leadership.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/us-china-smog-idUSBRE99K02Z20131021 China smog emergency shuts city of 11 million people] Reuters 21 October 2013</ref> [[Particulates]] in the air can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancies by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.<ref>{{cite web|work=National Geographic|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/10/131022-harbin-ice-city-smog-crisis-china-coal/|title=Harbin Smog Crisis Highlights China's Coal Problem|date=22 October 2013|accessdate=23 October 2013}}</ref> |
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Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for [[respiratory]] problems.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hlj.xinhuanet.com/news/2013-10/21/c_132815675.htm |title=雾霾天致呼吸道疾病患者骤增 专家:多吃梨__新华网黑龙江频道 [Respiratory Diseases Caused by Fog and Hazy Days Surge]|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=21 October 2013}}</ref> |
Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for [[respiratory]] problems.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hlj.xinhuanet.com/news/2013-10/21/c_132815675.htm |title=雾霾天致呼吸道疾病患者骤增 专家:多吃梨__新华网黑龙江频道 [Respiratory Diseases Caused by Fog and Hazy Days Surge]|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=21 October 2013}}</ref> |
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Visibility was reduced to below {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} in parts of [[Harbin]], and below {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} in most of the neighboring [[Jilin]] province.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-10/21/c_132816417.htm |title=Smog closes schools, highways in NE China|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date= 21 October 2013|accessdate=23 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KZmMLUFz|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} was reported.<ref name=qq/ |
Visibility was reduced to below {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on}} in parts of [[Harbin]], and below {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} in most of the neighboring [[Jilin]] province.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-10/21/c_132816417.htm |title=Smog closes schools, highways in NE China|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date= 21 October 2013|accessdate=23 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KZmMLUFz|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} was reported.<ref name=qq/> |
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Daily [[particulate]] levels of more than 40 times the [[World Health Organization]] recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/21/china-record-smog-levels-shut-down-city-of-harbin/ |title=China: record smog levels shut down city of Harbin | euronews, world news |publisher=[[Euronews]]}}</ref> The smog remained as of 23 October, when "almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces reported readings above 200 [µg/m³] for PM2.5".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/8433264.html |title=Northeast remains shrouded in smog for third straight day – People's Daily Online |work=People's Daily |date=25 August 2011 |accessdate=23 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KZoMVk7n|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> [[PM2.5|PM<sub>2.5</sub>]] is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter in the air, with the World Health Organization recommending a maximum 24-hour mean of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/ |title=Air quality and health, Fact sheet N°313 |publisher=WHO |work=WHO Media Centre |date=September 2011 |accessdate=24 October 2013}}</ref> |
Daily [[particulate]] levels of more than 40 times the [[World Health Organization]] recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/21/china-record-smog-levels-shut-down-city-of-harbin/ |title=China: record smog levels shut down city of Harbin | euronews, world news |publisher=[[Euronews]]}}</ref> The smog remained as of 23 October, when "almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces reported readings above 200 [µg/m³] for PM2.5".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/8433264.html |title=Northeast remains shrouded in smog for third straight day – People's Daily Online |work=People's Daily |date=25 August 2011 |accessdate=23 October 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KZoMVk7n|archivedate=23 October 2013}}</ref> [[PM2.5|PM<sub>2.5</sub>]] is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter in the air, with the World Health Organization recommending a maximum 24-hour mean of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/ |title=Air quality and health, Fact sheet N°313 |publisher=WHO |work=WHO Media Centre |date=September 2011 |accessdate=24 October 2013}}</ref> |
Revision as of 19:41, 24 October 2013
Date | 21 October 2013 |
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Location | Harbin, China |
Casualties | |
None reported |
A dense wave of smog began in the Chinese city of Harbin and the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces on 20 October 2013, the day after Harbin's coal-powered municipal heating system was turned on. Record densities of fine particulates were measured in the city. In Harbin, the airport and kindergarten through middle schools were closed. All highways in Heilongjiang were closed.
In Harbin the levels of PM2.5 particulate matter rose to 1,000 micrograms per cubic metre, worse than Beijing's historic highs. Visibility dropped to 20 metres and authorities grounded flights and closed more than 2,000 schools.[1]
Background
Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, burning of crop waste in farmers' fields, and the 20 October[2] start-up of Harbin's coal-powered district heating system.[3] Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to −40 °C (−40 °F), necessitating a six-month heating season.[4]
Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China's leadership.[5] Particulates in the air can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancies by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.[6]
Effects
All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang province were closed.[7] The Harbin Airport was closed, along with all primary and middle schools[8] in Harbin.
Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for respiratory problems.[9]
Visibility was reduced to below 50 m (160 ft) in parts of Harbin, and below 500 m (1,600 ft) in most of the neighboring Jilin province.[10] On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5 m (16 ft) was reported.[2]
Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin municipality.[11] The smog remained as of 23 October, when "almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces reported readings above 200 [µg/m³] for PM2.5".[12] PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter in the air, with the World Health Organization recommending a maximum 24-hour mean of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).[13]
Images
See also
References
- ^ Suck it and see: Dutch artist's vacuum cleaner could clear China smog The Guardian 24.10.2013
- ^ a b "哈尔滨重度雾霾第二日:全市停课 交通瘫痪_新闻_腾讯网 [Second Day of severe Haze in Harbin]". News.qq.com. 21 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ "Northern China smog closes schools and airport in Harbin". BBC. 21 October 2013.
- ^ "Harbin, China: Kingdom of Ice". The Daily Telegraph. 13 November 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ^ China smog emergency shuts city of 11 million people Reuters 21 October 2013
- ^ "Harbin Smog Crisis Highlights China's Coal Problem". National Geographic. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ Tania Branigan in Beijing. "Chinese city paralysed by smog | World news". The Guardian.
- ^ Zhou Huiying and Cao Yin (22 October 2013). "Smog wraps northeast, schools forced to close". China Daily.
- ^ "雾霾天致呼吸道疾病患者骤增 专家:多吃梨__新华网黑龙江频道 [Respiratory Diseases Caused by Fog and Hazy Days Surge]". Xinhua News Agency. 21 October 2013.
- ^ "Smog closes schools, highways in NE China". Xinhua News Agency. 21 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ "China: record smog levels shut down city of Harbin | euronews, world news". Euronews.
- ^ "Northeast remains shrouded in smog for third straight day – People's Daily Online". People's Daily. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ "Air quality and health, Fact sheet N°313". WHO Media Centre. WHO. September 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2013.