Darkness Shines (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
Making a general revert to status quo as stated at mediation. Not endorsing any edits that I did not make (as I'vn't seen them as close) but I will if I see them as correct at talk... I do how ever endorse the fact about COATRACK. Follow BRD. |
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The '''1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul''' occurred on 6 September 1995 when |
The '''1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul''' was a terrorist incident that occurred on 6 September 1995, when a mob allied with [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] swarmed and ransacked the [[embassy]] of [[Pakistan]] in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]]. At least one person was killed and twenty six others, including the Pakistani ambassador, injured during the attack. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The attack took place a day after Afghan [[Taliban]] forces successfully established control over [[Herat]]. At the time, [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]] was the President of the [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] while Ahmad Shah Massoud was serving under him as the Minister for Defence. Rabbani's regime was not recognised as the legitimate government of Afghanistan by the Taliban, and was engaged in a [[Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–1996)|civil war]] with Taliban forces. |
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The attack against the Pakistani embassy by pro-government protestors in Kabul took place a day after the Taliban militia had successfully established control over [[Herat]]. When the Taliban took control of Herat, they arrested hundreds of its citizens, closed down all the schools and ''"forcibly implement[ed] their social bans and Sharia law, even more fiercely than in Kandahar"''.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (4)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=40| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> The Taliban imposed as rulers over the city and region extremist Taliban officials ''"many of whom"'' did not even speak the local regional language Persian.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (4)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=40| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> |
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The attack on the Pakistani embassy by Massoud's men is claimed to have been a "retaliation for the capture of Herat" by the Afghan Taliban, who Rabbani and Massoud alleged were favoured by Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Matinuddin|first=Kamal|title=The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195792744|pages=261}}</ref> Accusations of support have always been categorically refuted by Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Joy Pincus |url=http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html |title=Who Is Responsible For The Taliban |publisher=Meria.idc.ac.il |date= |accessdate=2012-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB227/index.htm |title=Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"? |publisher=Gwu.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11451718|title=Who are the Taliban?|work=BBC|date=3 January 2012|accessdate=19 May 2012}}</ref> According to an April 1998 column published on ''[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]'' by Ahmad Rashid, the Taliban's attacks on Herat in 1995 were independent actions.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rashid|first=Ahmad|title=Pakistan and the Taliban|work=[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]|date=11 April 1998|accessdate=19 May 2012}}</ref> |
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De facto, scholars such as Pakistani analyst [[Ahmed Rashid]], write: |
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''"[T]he Taliban had spent the summer [of 1995] rebuilding their forces with arms, ammunition and vehicles provided by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia and a new command structure created with the help of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] advisers. The ISI also helped broker an agreement, never made public, between the Taliban and General Rashid Dostum ... to repair Mig fighters and helicopters the Taliban had captured a year earlier in Kandahar, thereby creating the Taliban's first airpower. ... the Taliban quickly mobilized some 25,000 men, many of them fresh volunteers from Pakistan."''<ref name="Ahmed Rashid">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=39| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> |
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According to ''"Pakistan and the Taliban"'' by Ahmed Rashid, also published on April 1998 as a column in ''[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]'', Pakistan furthermore directly provided limited ''"military support"'' in the Taliban's September 1995 offensive against Herat<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (3)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =in William Maley's "Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban"|edition=March 1998|page=86| publisher = NYU Press | isbn=978-0814755860}}</ref> which led to the capture of the city and the subsequent anti-Pakistan protests in Kabul. |
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Rizwan Hussein in ''"Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan"'' summarizes: ''"As has now been established by several scholarly and journalistic works, the Pakistan military establishment directly assisted the Taliban's rise and subsequent capture of this region [Herat] in Afghanistan between 1995 and 1996."''<ref name="Rizwan Hussein">{{Cite book| last =Rizwan Hussein | authorlink = | title =Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan|edition=2005|page=203| publisher = Ashgate Pub Ltd | isbn=978-0754644347}}</ref> The [[Pakistan Institute of International Affairs]] describes Pakistan's support to the Taliban as ''"at its height"'' in 1995.<ref name="Pakistan Institute of International Affairs">{{Cite book| last =Pakistan Institute of International Affairs | authorlink = | title =Pakistan horizon|edition=2006|page=40| publisher = | isbn=}}</ref> The Pakistani ambassador to Kabul, Qazi Humayun, himself alongside Pakistan's Consul General in Herat, Colonel Imam, later attented Taliban meetings in Kandahar.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (2)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=42| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> These meetings discussed how the Taliban could best conquer Afghanistan militarily and how ''"best to impose Sharia law"'' over Afghanistan.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (2)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=42| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> |
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Pakistani politicians during that time repeatedly denied supporting the Taliban, which has been described by reliable sources as an explicit 'policy of denial'.<ref name="Amin Saikal (3)">{{Cite book| last =Amin Saikal | authorlink = Amin Saikal| title =Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival| year =2006 | edition = 1st | page=342| publisher = I.B. Tauris & Co | location = London New York | isbn = 1-85043-437-9}}</ref><ref name=Hussain>{{cite book|last=Hussain|first=Rizwan|title=Pakistan And The Emergence Of Islamic Militancy In Afghanistan|year=|publisher=|isbn=|page=208}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 07:28, 24 June 2012
1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul | |
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Location | Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul, Afghanistan |
Date | 6 September 1995 |
Target | Pakistani embassy |
Deaths | 1 |
Injured | 26 |
The 1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul was a terrorist incident that occurred on 6 September 1995, when a mob allied with Ahmad Shah Massoud swarmed and ransacked the embassy of Pakistan in Kabul, Afghanistan. At least one person was killed and twenty six others, including the Pakistani ambassador, injured during the attack.
Background
The attack took place a day after Afghan Taliban forces successfully established control over Herat. At the time, Burhanuddin Rabbani was the President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan while Ahmad Shah Massoud was serving under him as the Minister for Defence. Rabbani's regime was not recognised as the legitimate government of Afghanistan by the Taliban, and was engaged in a civil war with Taliban forces.
The attack on the Pakistani embassy by Massoud's men is claimed to have been a "retaliation for the capture of Herat" by the Afghan Taliban, who Rabbani and Massoud alleged were favoured by Pakistan.[1] Accusations of support have always been categorically refuted by Pakistan.[2][3][4] According to an April 1998 column published on The Nation by Ahmad Rashid, the Taliban's attacks on Herat in 1995 were independent actions.[5]
See also
References
- ^ Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997. Oxford University Press. p. 261. ISBN 9780195792744.
- ^ Joy Pincus. "Who Is Responsible For The Taliban". Meria.idc.ac.il. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
- ^ "Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"?". Gwu.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
- ^ "Who are the Taliban?". BBC. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ Rashid, Ahmad (11 April 1998). "Pakistan and the Taliban". The Nation.
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