Making a general revert to status quo as stated at mediation. Not endorsing any edits that I did not make (as I'vn't seen them as close) but I will if I see them as correct at talk... I do how ever endorse the fact about COATRACK. Follow BRD. |
174.26.83.37 (talk) Revert terrible source falsification in infobox and main article, see Rashid, Maley & Rubin info |
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The '''1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul''' |
The '''1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul''' occurred on 6 September 1995 when up to 5000<ref name=Rubin>{{cite book|last=Rubin|first=Barry M.|title=Chronologies of Modern Terrorism|year=2008|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0765620477|coauthors=Judith Colp Rubin|page=265}}</ref> protestors attacked and sacked the [[embassy]] of [[Pakistan]] in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]], after the [[Taliban]] militia had captured [[Herat]] from the internationally recognized [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]]. One person was killed and twenty six others, including the Pakistani ambassador, were injured. The attack occurred due to the Afghan peoples belief that Pakistan had helped the Taliban to take the city.<ref name=Rubin /><ref name=Hussain>{{cite book|last=Hussain|first=Rizwan|title=Pakistan And The Emergence Of Islamic Militancy In Afghanistan|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0754644347|page=203}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The attack against the Pakistani embassy by pro-government protestors in Kabul took place a day after the Taliban militia had successfully established control over [[Herat]]. When the Taliban took control of Herat, they arrested hundreds of its citizens, closed down all the schools and ''"forcibly implement[ed] their social bans and Sharia law, even more fiercely than in Kandahar"''.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (4)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=40| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> The Taliban imposed as rulers over the city and region extremist Taliban officials ''"many of whom"'' did not even speak the local regional language Persian.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (4)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=40| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> |
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The attack took place a day after Afghan [[Taliban]] forces successfully established control over [[Herat]]. At the time, [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]] was the President of the [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]] while Ahmad Shah Massoud was serving under him as the Minister for Defence. Rabbani's regime was not recognised as the legitimate government of Afghanistan by the Taliban, and was engaged in a [[Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–1996)|civil war]] with Taliban forces. |
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Kamal Matinuddin, Lt. General of the Pakistan army and former member of Pakistan's diplomatic corps, alleges the Afghan government sacked the embassy in ''"retaliation for the capture of Herat"'' because they ''"felt"'' the Taliban could have only done so with Pakistan's help.<ref>{{cite book|last=Matinuddin|first=Kamal|title=The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195792744|pages=261}}</ref> But according to William Maley, the Director of the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy, the attack by angry protestors against the Pakistan embassy was due to ''"bitter resentment towards Pakistan which had built up among the victims of Pakistan's strategy"'' first using [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] in a destructive bombardment campaign against Kabul and then the Taliban to install a client in Afghanistan.<ref name="William Maley">{{Cite book| last =William Maley | authorlink =| title =The Afghanistan Wars|edition=2009|page=216| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn=978-0230213142}}</ref> |
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De facto, scholars such as Pakistani analyst [[Ahmed Rashid]], write: |
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''"[T]he Taliban had spent the summer [of 1995] rebuilding their forces with arms, ammunition and vehicles provided by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia and a new command structure created with the help of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] advisers. The ISI also helped broker an agreement, never made public, between the Taliban and General Rashid Dostum ... to repair Mig fighters and helicopters the Taliban had captured a year earlier in Kandahar, thereby creating the Taliban's first airpower. ... the Taliban quickly mobilized some 25,000 men, many of them fresh volunteers from Pakistan."''<ref name="Ahmed Rashid">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=39| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> |
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According to ''"Pakistan and the Taliban"'' by Ahmed Rashid, also published on April 1998 as a column in ''[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]'', Pakistan furthermore directly provided limited ''"military support"'' in the Taliban's September 1995 offensive against Herat<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (3)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =in William Maley's "Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban"|edition=March 1998|page=86| publisher = NYU Press | isbn=978-0814755860}}</ref> which led to the capture of the city and the subsequent anti-Pakistan protests in Kabul. |
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Rizwan Hussein in ''"Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan"'' summarizes: ''"As has now been established by several scholarly and journalistic works, the Pakistan military establishment directly assisted the Taliban's rise and subsequent capture of this region [Herat] in Afghanistan between 1995 and 1996."''<ref name="Rizwan Hussein">{{Cite book| last =Rizwan Hussein | authorlink = | title =Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan|edition=2005|page=203| publisher = Ashgate Pub Ltd | isbn=978-0754644347}}</ref> The [[Pakistan Institute of International Affairs]] describes Pakistan's support to the Taliban as ''"at its height"'' in 1995.<ref name="Pakistan Institute of International Affairs">{{Cite book| last =Pakistan Institute of International Affairs | authorlink = | title =Pakistan horizon|edition=2006|page=40| publisher = | isbn=}}</ref> The Pakistani ambassador to Kabul, Qazi Humayun, himself alongside Pakistan's Consul General in Herat, Colonel Imam, later attented Taliban meetings in Kandahar.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (2)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=42| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> These meetings discussed how the Taliban could best conquer Afghanistan militarily and how ''"best to impose Sharia law"'' over Afghanistan.<ref name="Ahmed Rashid (2)">{{Cite book| last =Ahmed Rashid | authorlink = Ahmed Rashid| title =Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia|edition=|page=42| publisher = Yale Nota Bene Books| isbn=978-0300089028}}</ref> |
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Pakistani politicians during that time repeatedly denied supporting the Taliban, which has been described by reliable sources as an explicit 'policy of denial'.<ref name="Amin Saikal (3)">{{Cite book| last =Amin Saikal | authorlink = Amin Saikal| title =Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival| year =2006 | edition = 1st | page=342| publisher = I.B. Tauris & Co | location = London New York | isbn = 1-85043-437-9}}</ref><ref name=Hussain>{{cite book|last=Hussain|first=Rizwan|title=Pakistan And The Emergence Of Islamic Militancy In Afghanistan|year=|publisher=|isbn=|page=208}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 09:20, 24 June 2012
1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul | |
---|---|
Location | Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul, Afghanistan |
Date | 6 September 1995 |
Target | Pakistani embassy |
Deaths | 1 |
Injured | 26 |
The 1995 attack on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul occurred on 6 September 1995 when up to 5000[1] protestors attacked and sacked the embassy of Pakistan in Kabul, Afghanistan, after the Taliban militia had captured Herat from the internationally recognized Islamic State of Afghanistan. One person was killed and twenty six others, including the Pakistani ambassador, were injured. The attack occurred due to the Afghan peoples belief that Pakistan had helped the Taliban to take the city.[1][2]
Background
The attack against the Pakistani embassy by pro-government protestors in Kabul took place a day after the Taliban militia had successfully established control over Herat. When the Taliban took control of Herat, they arrested hundreds of its citizens, closed down all the schools and "forcibly implement[ed] their social bans and Sharia law, even more fiercely than in Kandahar".[3] The Taliban imposed as rulers over the city and region extremist Taliban officials "many of whom" did not even speak the local regional language Persian.[3]
Kamal Matinuddin, Lt. General of the Pakistan army and former member of Pakistan's diplomatic corps, alleges the Afghan government sacked the embassy in "retaliation for the capture of Herat" because they "felt" the Taliban could have only done so with Pakistan's help.[4] But according to William Maley, the Director of the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy, the attack by angry protestors against the Pakistan embassy was due to "bitter resentment towards Pakistan which had built up among the victims of Pakistan's strategy" first using Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in a destructive bombardment campaign against Kabul and then the Taliban to install a client in Afghanistan.[5]
De facto, scholars such as Pakistani analyst Ahmed Rashid, write:
"[T]he Taliban had spent the summer [of 1995] rebuilding their forces with arms, ammunition and vehicles provided by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia and a new command structure created with the help of ISI advisers. The ISI also helped broker an agreement, never made public, between the Taliban and General Rashid Dostum ... to repair Mig fighters and helicopters the Taliban had captured a year earlier in Kandahar, thereby creating the Taliban's first airpower. ... the Taliban quickly mobilized some 25,000 men, many of them fresh volunteers from Pakistan."[6]
According to "Pakistan and the Taliban" by Ahmed Rashid, also published on April 1998 as a column in The Nation, Pakistan furthermore directly provided limited "military support" in the Taliban's September 1995 offensive against Herat[7] which led to the capture of the city and the subsequent anti-Pakistan protests in Kabul.
Rizwan Hussein in "Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan" summarizes: "As has now been established by several scholarly and journalistic works, the Pakistan military establishment directly assisted the Taliban's rise and subsequent capture of this region [Herat] in Afghanistan between 1995 and 1996."[8] The Pakistan Institute of International Affairs describes Pakistan's support to the Taliban as "at its height" in 1995.[9] The Pakistani ambassador to Kabul, Qazi Humayun, himself alongside Pakistan's Consul General in Herat, Colonel Imam, later attented Taliban meetings in Kandahar.[10] These meetings discussed how the Taliban could best conquer Afghanistan militarily and how "best to impose Sharia law" over Afghanistan.[10]
Pakistani politicians during that time repeatedly denied supporting the Taliban, which has been described by reliable sources as an explicit 'policy of denial'.[11][2]
See also
References
- ^ a b Rubin, Barry M. (2008). Chronologies of Modern Terrorism. M.E. Sharpe. p. 265. ISBN 978-0765620477.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b Hussain, Rizwan (2005). Pakistan And The Emergence Of Islamic Militancy In Afghanistan. Ashgate. p. 203. ISBN 978-0754644347. Cite error: The named reference "Hussain" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Ahmed Rashid. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale Nota Bene Books. p. 40. ISBN 978-0300089028.
- ^ Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997. Oxford University Press. p. 261. ISBN 9780195792744.
- ^ William Maley. The Afghanistan Wars (2009 ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 216. ISBN 978-0230213142.
- ^ Ahmed Rashid. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale Nota Bene Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-0300089028.
- ^ Ahmed Rashid. in William Maley's "Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban" (March 1998 ed.). NYU Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0814755860.
- ^ Rizwan Hussein. Pakistan and the emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan (2005 ed.). Ashgate Pub Ltd. p. 203. ISBN 978-0754644347.
- ^ Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. Pakistan horizon (2006 ed.). p. 40.
- ^ a b Ahmed Rashid. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale Nota Bene Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0300089028.
- ^ Amin Saikal (2006). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (1st ed.). London New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 342. ISBN 1-85043-437-9.