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{{Short description|Mass killing of Vietnam War refugees by the ROC (Taiwanese) military}} |
{{Short description|Mass killing of Vietnam War refugees by the ROC (Taiwanese) military}} |
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{{Copy edit|date=March 2022}} |
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{{Copy edit|date=March 2022}}{{Original research|date=March 2022}}{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}{{Essay-like|date=March 2022}}{{Infobox civilian attack |
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{{Original research|date=March 2022}} |
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{{Infobox civilian attack |
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| title = 1987 Lieyu massacre |
| title = 1987 Lieyu massacre |
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| partof = [[Cold War]] |
| partof = [[Cold War]] |
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{{History of the Republic of China}} |
{{History of the Republic of China}} |
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The '''1987 Lieyu massacre''', also known as the '''March 7 Incident''', '''Donggang Incident''' or '''Donggang Massacre''', occurred on 7 March 1987 at Donggang Bay, [[Lieyu, Fujian|Lieyu]] Island ("Lesser Kinmen" or "Little Quemoy"), [[Kinmen]], [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian]], [[Republic of China]]. According to the diary of [[Four-star rank|Superior-general]] [[Hau Pei-tsun]], nineteen unarmed [[Vietnamese boat people]] were killed by the [[Republic of China Armed Forces|ROC military]]. There may have been more than nineteen deaths, containing several families of [[Hoa people|ethnical Chinese speaking minority]].<ref name="OHSIR" /><ref name="Chenwu">{{Cite web|title=【金門日曆】東崗事件②|十九條人命竟可隱瞞兩個半月!|trans-title=Kinmen Calendar – Donggang Incident – 19 deaths can be concealed for two and a half months! |url=https://whoyotravel.com.tw/donggang-tragedy-part-2/ |author=金門城武|date=4 June 2021|access-date= |
The '''1987 Lieyu massacre''', also known as the '''March 7 Incident''', '''Donggang Incident''' or '''Donggang Massacre''', occurred on 7 March 1987 at Donggang Bay, [[Lieyu, Fujian|Lieyu]] Island ("Lesser Kinmen" or "Little Quemoy"), [[Kinmen]], [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian]], [[Republic of China]]. According to the diary of [[Four-star rank|Superior-general]] [[Hau Pei-tsun]], nineteen unarmed [[Vietnamese boat people]] were killed by the [[Republic of China Armed Forces|ROC military]]. There may have been more than nineteen deaths, containing several families of [[Hoa people|ethnical Chinese speaking minority]].<ref name="OHSIR" /><ref name="Chenwu">{{Cite web|title=【金門日曆】東崗事件②|十九條人命竟可隱瞞兩個半月!|trans-title=Kinmen Calendar – Donggang Incident – 19 deaths can be concealed for two and a half months! |url=https://whoyotravel.com.tw/donggang-tragedy-part-2/ |author=金門城武|date=4 June 2021|access-date=12 October 2021 |publisher=忽悠旅社|language=zh-tw}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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As a result, the commander of the neighboring [[Erdan Island]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=二膽守備隊}}), Deputy Brigade Commander of the 473 Brigade, [[lieutenant-colonel]] Zhong, summoned all the soldiers to reiterate the order that ''"Whoever lands on the island must be executed without exception."'' Soon after this statement, he was exceptionally promoted to the position of 472 Nantang [[brigade commander|Brigade Commander]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=南塘旅}}), taking charge of all the units in the South [[Lieyu, Kinmen|Lieyu]] Defense Team ({{zh|labels=no|t=烈嶼南守備隊}}), whereas General Song was promoted as the director of [[National Security Bureau (Taiwan)|National Security Bureau]] back to Taipei in December 1985. |
As a result, the commander of the neighboring [[Erdan Island]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=二膽守備隊}}), Deputy Brigade Commander of the 473 Brigade, [[lieutenant-colonel]] Zhong, summoned all the soldiers to reiterate the order that ''"Whoever lands on the island must be executed without exception."'' Soon after this statement, he was exceptionally promoted to the position of 472 Nantang [[brigade commander|Brigade Commander]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=南塘旅}}), taking charge of all the units in the South [[Lieyu, Kinmen|Lieyu]] Defense Team ({{zh|labels=no|t=烈嶼南守備隊}}), whereas General Song was promoted as the director of [[National Security Bureau (Taiwan)|National Security Bureau]] back to Taipei in December 1985. |
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It is alleged that a minimized nuclear test succeeded at the Jioupeng military field in [[Pingtung County|Pingtung]] in 1986 after nearly 20 years of research and simulation testing, which was recorded on the US [[Reconnaissance satellite|satellite]] image and questioned later by the director of [[American Institute in Taiwan]], David Dean, in 1988 according to General Hau's Diary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udn.com/news/story/9492/1515007|title=電文解密…1970年代 美阻我兩波核武發展|trans-title=Telegram Decryption... US Blocked 2 Tides of Nuclear Weapon Development in 1970s|access-date=13 May 2021|author=Chen Wei-ting|date=21 February 2016|publisher=United Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506011809/http://udn.com/news/story/9492/1515007|archive-date=2016-05-06|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSWgacjFblg|title=【台灣演義】台灣核子秘辛|trans-title=The Nuclear Secret in Taiwan History|access-date= |
It is alleged that a minimized nuclear test succeeded at the Jioupeng military field in [[Pingtung County|Pingtung]] in 1986 after nearly 20 years of research and simulation testing, which was recorded on the US [[Reconnaissance satellite|satellite]] image and questioned later by the director of [[American Institute in Taiwan]], David Dean, in 1988 according to General Hau's Diary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udn.com/news/story/9492/1515007|title=電文解密…1970年代 美阻我兩波核武發展|trans-title=Telegram Decryption... US Blocked 2 Tides of Nuclear Weapon Development in 1970s|access-date=13 May 2021|author=Chen Wei-ting|date=21 February 2016|publisher=United Daily News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506011809/http://udn.com/news/story/9492/1515007|archive-date=2016-05-06|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSWgacjFblg|title=【台灣演義】台灣核子秘辛|trans-title=The Nuclear Secret in Taiwan History|access-date=13 May 2021 |author=|date=20 June 2016 |publisher=[[Formosa Television]]|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ve4OPvxllEQ|title=台核武機密保衛戰..揭新竹計畫若成功台灣國防能力就不一樣?|trans-title=The Defense War of Taiwan’s Nuclear Weapons Secret... Once Hsinchu Project Succeeded, Would Taiwan’s National Defense Capability Be Different? |access-date=13 May 2021 |author1=呂捷|author2=張齡予|date=17 January 2021|publisher=[[SET News]]|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dV9OTMn-Xhs|title=最後一秒老美帶走「已完成的8顆核彈」 失敗新竹計劃讓老蔣含恨|trans-title=Americans Took Away "8 Completed Nuclear Bombs"; Failed Hsinchu Project Left Chiang Sr. in Pity|access-date=13 May 2021 |author=馬西屏 劉燦榮|date=23 December 2016 |publisher=Crucial Time, [[Eastern Broadcasting Company]]|language=zh-hant}}</ref> |
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In August 1986, the new Kinmen Defense Commander, General Zhao Wan-fu ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:赵万富|趙萬富上將]]|p= Zhào Wànfù}})<ref>Zhao Wan-fu, Chinese Encyclopedia [https://www.itsfun.com.tw/%E8%B6%99%E8%90%AC%E5%AF%8C/wiki-5531571 《Zhao Wan-fu》], quoting the official archive of [[Nanhua County]], [[Yunnan]], Apr. 26, 2010</ref> instructed the 158 Division Commander, [[Major-general]] Gong Li ({{zh|labels=no|t=龔力少將}}) to construct two propaganda walls – one on Dadan, the other on Erdan – with the slogan proclaiming "[[Three Principles of the People]] Unify China" facing the international seaway of [[Port of Xiamen|Xiamen Bay]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ttt0920.pixnet.net/blog/post/99711933|title=大、二膽 - 三民主義統一中國心戰牆|trans-title="Three Principles of the People Unify China" Walls on Dandan and Erdan|author=Antao|date=22 December 2009|language=zh-tw}}</ref> whereas [[Xi Jinping]] ([[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP general secretary]] since 2012) was the Deputy Mayor of [[Xiamen]] City.<ref>{{cite book |title=習近平: 站在歷史十字路口的中共新領導人|trans-title=[[Xi Jinping]]: The new leader of Chinese Communist Party at the crossroad of history |author=Yang Zhong-mei |publisher=China Times Publishing Co. |isbn= 978-9571354538|date=4 November 2011}}</ref> |
In August 1986, the new Kinmen Defense Commander, General Zhao Wan-fu ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:赵万富|趙萬富上將]]|p= Zhào Wànfù}})<ref>Zhao Wan-fu, Chinese Encyclopedia [https://www.itsfun.com.tw/%E8%B6%99%E8%90%AC%E5%AF%8C/wiki-5531571 《Zhao Wan-fu》], quoting the official archive of [[Nanhua County]], [[Yunnan]], Apr. 26, 2010</ref> instructed the 158 Division Commander, [[Major-general]] Gong Li ({{zh|labels=no|t=龔力少將}}) to construct two propaganda walls – one on Dadan, the other on Erdan – with the slogan proclaiming "[[Three Principles of the People]] Unify China" facing the international seaway of [[Port of Xiamen|Xiamen Bay]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ttt0920.pixnet.net/blog/post/99711933|title=大、二膽 - 三民主義統一中國心戰牆|trans-title="Three Principles of the People Unify China" Walls on Dandan and Erdan|author=Antao|date=22 December 2009|language=zh-tw}}</ref> whereas [[Xi Jinping]] ([[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP general secretary]] since 2012) was the Deputy Mayor of [[Xiamen]] City.<ref>{{cite book |title=習近平: 站在歷史十字路口的中共新領導人|trans-title=[[Xi Jinping]]: The new leader of Chinese Communist Party at the crossroad of history |author=Yang Zhong-mei |publisher=China Times Publishing Co. |isbn= 978-9571354538|date=4 November 2011}}</ref> |
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At noon on 28 February 1987, one week before the Lieyu massacre, a local Chinese [[fishing boat]] crossed Xiamen Bay. It was intensely fired upon until it caught fire near Dadan. The [[fishermen]] on board waved a white cloth in an attempt to communicate their surrender. However, the boat was sunk by [[tank gun]] shots ordered by the new Dadan commander, Major-general Chien Yi-hu ({{zh|labels=no|t=錢奕虎少將}}) after receiving the approval of General Zhao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.xuite.net/tys330823/twblog/brick-view/430247022|title=憶「金門 三七事件」思念故人!|trans-title=Memoir to the Old Friends in Kinmen March 7 Incident|author=Major-general Yan Hao|date=7 July 2016 |publisher=Xuiwo|language=zh-TW}}</ref> There was only one survivor, who swam to cling onto a [[Rock (geology)|rock]] nearby, but who was eventually lost to the rising tides.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pcdvd.com.tw/printthread.php?t=502476&page=14&pp=10|title=國軍無戰事 五年死2355人|trans-title=2355 casualties in 5 years during peace time in ROC Armed Forces|author=NZCYM|date=18 April 2007 |publisher=PCDVD|language=zh-TW}}</ref> Two accounts claimed the incident occurring at 09:00, January 29 on [[Lunar New Year]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=回應: 民國76年小金門國軍屠殺越南難民事件|trans-title=Re: The Refuge Massacre Incident of ROC Army in Lesser Kinmen in 1987 |url=http://blog.xuite.net/trieu11111/twblog/154053813-%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%3A+%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B76%E5%B9%B4%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 |author=Lieutenant-colonel Trieu|date=24 April 2010 |access-date= |
At noon on 28 February 1987, one week before the Lieyu massacre, a local Chinese [[fishing boat]] crossed Xiamen Bay. It was intensely fired upon until it caught fire near Dadan. The [[fishermen]] on board waved a white cloth in an attempt to communicate their surrender. However, the boat was sunk by [[tank gun]] shots ordered by the new Dadan commander, Major-general Chien Yi-hu ({{zh|labels=no|t=錢奕虎少將}}) after receiving the approval of General Zhao.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.xuite.net/tys330823/twblog/brick-view/430247022|title=憶「金門 三七事件」思念故人!|trans-title=Memoir to the Old Friends in Kinmen March 7 Incident|author=Major-general Yan Hao|date=7 July 2016 |publisher=Xuiwo|language=zh-TW}}</ref> There was only one survivor, who swam to cling onto a [[Rock (geology)|rock]] nearby, but who was eventually lost to the rising tides.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pcdvd.com.tw/printthread.php?t=502476&page=14&pp=10|title=國軍無戰事 五年死2355人|trans-title=2355 casualties in 5 years during peace time in ROC Armed Forces|author=NZCYM|date=18 April 2007 |publisher=PCDVD|language=zh-TW}}</ref> Two accounts claimed the incident occurring at 09:00, January 29 on [[Lunar New Year]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=回應: 民國76年小金門國軍屠殺越南難民事件|trans-title=Re: The Refuge Massacre Incident of ROC Army in Lesser Kinmen in 1987 |url=http://blog.xuite.net/trieu11111/twblog/154053813-%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%3A+%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B76%E5%B9%B4%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 |author=Lieutenant-colonel Trieu|date=24 April 2010 |access-date=13 September 2021 |publisher=[[:zh:隨意窩Xuite日誌|Xuite]]|language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Re: 金門守軍殺人事件內幕|trans-title=Re: Shocking Inside Story of the Kinmen Military Murder Case |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4364490816900227&set=gm.443700196655221&type=3&eid=ARAvJyiysXBnr8a3MRiWIsp_hVtvZTUF_vIafbopkY17hg6ACD1a-GHEOXEM9Jbg3GA8MefNwr6xepzU&__xts__[0]=68.ARDagq9um5U2zBfuFrMVzcdqwb1NuTu6V6aMvZYK8nqOu6gIgPvJrnluoJoEyXcK9U-1pRAnfsCdR7g0PkhgLClEMvt2V_5_W1HjMTJjHwXMT94p8oRStTGXqoRBzEmf0qeLw9FVLaS0CRdlFSUXBjZWmSM51Y2MXtbDL7o3aUjyOHg159ajXBv3670OZenkG_wWs_kn37W_vxh4D8TdKk7KPeNdcrKf01c7KOTQmTNcSCqdiM1uvZegEkh26y6hP9rz0NrPurc6zXJHIWj_PlKHLqIy4n3oO9DQLKyUgQJvNUWIq6P-nV_-qSx_NSFzzb_JFS2kAllZHvD5nxpgsK-Lvg |author=Leo Liang|date=16 December 2020 |access-date=13 September 2021 |language=zh-tw}}</ref> |
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==Massacre== |
==Massacre== |
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In the morning of 7 March 1987, a boat carrying Vietnamese refugees who had been rejected in Hong Kong earlier arrived in Kinmen requesting [[political asylum]]. Kinmen Defense Commander, General Zhao rejected the request, and ordered a patrol boat of the [[Amphibious reconnaissance|Amphibious Reconnaissance]] [[Battalion]] (ARB-101, {{zh|labels=no|t=海龍蛙兵}}) to tow away the boat from the shore with a warning not to return. However, for reasons unclear, the information about the boat's presence in the Southern sea was never forwarded to the front line of the coastal defense units, including those in the [[Lieyu, Kinmen|Lieyu]] island. |
In the morning of 7 March 1987, a boat carrying Vietnamese refugees who had been rejected in Hong Kong earlier arrived in Kinmen requesting [[political asylum]]. Kinmen Defense Commander, General Zhao rejected the request, and ordered a patrol boat of the [[Amphibious reconnaissance|Amphibious Reconnaissance]] [[Battalion]] (ARB-101, {{zh|labels=no|t=海龍蛙兵}}) to tow away the boat from the shore with a warning not to return. However, for reasons unclear, the information about the boat's presence in the Southern sea was never forwarded to the front line of the coastal defense units, including those in the [[Lieyu, Kinmen|Lieyu]] island. |
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As a seasonal heavy [[fog]] appeared on the coast and gradually turned clear in the afternoon, the Vietnamese boat was sighted by an [[Infantry#Base defence|infantry post]] off the south shore at 16:37, where it had been too close and too late to apply for the [[indirect fire]] support by [[artillery]] intervention. The local 1st Dashanding Infantry [[Battalion]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=大山頂營}}) Commander Major Liu, the 472 [[Brigade]] Commander Colonel Zhong and the 158 Division G3 Chief Operation Officer ({{zh|labels=no|t=參三科科長}}), Colonel Han Jing-yue ({{zh|labels=no|t=韓敬越}}), arrived at the scene with staff officers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=【金門日曆】東崗事件① 強行登岸者格殺勿論!|trans-title=Kinmen Calendar – Donggang Incident – Kill All the Forcibly Landed With No Exception!|url=https://whoyotravel.com.tw/donggang-tragedy-part-1/ |author=金門城武|date=4 June 2021 |access-date= |
As a seasonal heavy [[fog]] appeared on the coast and gradually turned clear in the afternoon, the Vietnamese boat was sighted by an [[Infantry#Base defence|infantry post]] off the south shore at 16:37, where it had been too close and too late to apply for the [[indirect fire]] support by [[artillery]] intervention. The local 1st Dashanding Infantry [[Battalion]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=大山頂營}}) Commander Major Liu, the 472 [[Brigade]] Commander Colonel Zhong and the 158 Division G3 Chief Operation Officer ({{zh|labels=no|t=參三科科長}}), Colonel Han Jing-yue ({{zh|labels=no|t=韓敬越}}), arrived at the scene with staff officers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=【金門日曆】東崗事件① 強行登岸者格殺勿論!|trans-title=Kinmen Calendar – Donggang Incident – Kill All the Forcibly Landed With No Exception!|url=https://whoyotravel.com.tw/donggang-tragedy-part-1/ |author=金門城武|date=4 June 2021 |access-date=12 October 2021 |publisher=忽悠旅社|language=zh-tw}}</ref> |
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The 629 Light Artillery Battalion which happened to be taking a field drill practice in the ancient airport on the northeastern beachfront turned around to launch one single [[Shell (projectile)#Illumination|star shell]] lighting up the background horizon sky, but found no invasion force approaching; meanwhile warning shots, followed by expelling shots were fired in sequence as per the procedure steps of Army [[Rules of engagement|Rule of Engagement]] with [[M14 rifle#Service with other nations|T57 rifles]], [[M60 machine gun|.30 Caliber]] and [[M2 Browning|.50 Caliber]] machine guns in short range by about 100 [[Infantry#Attack operations|infantrymen]] from the reserve platoons of three companies while another one coming in. |
The 629 Light Artillery Battalion which happened to be taking a field drill practice in the ancient airport on the northeastern beachfront turned around to launch one single [[Shell (projectile)#Illumination|star shell]] lighting up the background horizon sky, but found no invasion force approaching; meanwhile warning shots, followed by expelling shots were fired in sequence as per the procedure steps of Army [[Rules of engagement|Rule of Engagement]] with [[M14 rifle#Service with other nations|T57 rifles]], [[M60 machine gun|.30 Caliber]] and [[M2 Browning|.50 Caliber]] machine guns in short range by about 100 [[Infantry#Attack operations|infantrymen]] from the reserve platoons of three companies while another one coming in. |
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The Vietnamese boat was stranded on the sand beach south-west of Donggang ({{zh|labels=no|p=Dōnggāng}}) Fishery Port (Fort L-05), a sensitive strategic point in front of the mobile positions of [[M40 recoilless rifle]]s and [[M30 mortar]]s with the communication transit station nicknamed "04" (homonym to 'You die' in Chinese pronunciation) on hill with a 30-degree angle of blind corner on radar screen by the steep landform in front of the classified [[240 mm howitzer M1]] (aka. "Black Dragon" or "[[Nuclear cannon|Nuclear Cannon]]") [[Railway gun|rail-gun]] positions of Kinmen Defense Command, and the [[M114 155 mm howitzer|155]]/[[M101 howitzer|105]] mm artillery battalions of 158 Division.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Service of the piece, 8-inch gun M1 and 240-MM howitzer M1 |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11813/ |author=[[United States Department of War|United States. War Department.]]|year=1946|access-date= |
The Vietnamese boat was stranded on the sand beach south-west of Donggang ({{zh|labels=no|p=Dōnggāng}}) Fishery Port (Fort L-05), a sensitive strategic point in front of the mobile positions of [[M40 recoilless rifle]]s and [[M30 mortar]]s with the communication transit station nicknamed "04" (homonym to 'You die' in Chinese pronunciation) on hill with a 30-degree angle of blind corner on radar screen by the steep landform in front of the classified [[240 mm howitzer M1]] (aka. "Black Dragon" or "[[Nuclear cannon|Nuclear Cannon]]") [[Railway gun|rail-gun]] positions of Kinmen Defense Command, and the [[M114 155 mm howitzer|155]]/[[M101 howitzer|105]] mm artillery battalions of 158 Division.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Service of the piece, 8-inch gun M1 and 240-MM howitzer M1 |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11813/ |author=[[United States Department of War|United States. War Department.]]|year=1946|access-date=31 August 2021 |publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=M1 240榴砲(砲兵口述歷史)|trans-title=M1 240 howitzer (artilleryman's oral history) |url=https://a2928796.pixnet.net/blog/post/462803150 |author=60砲的部落格|date=11 April 2018 |access-date=31 August 2021 |publisher=[[Pixnet]]|language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref name="Kinmen Tribe">{{Cite web|url=http://m.blog.sina.com.tw/5568/article.php?pbgid=5568&entryid=591491 |title=東崗右側海濱|trans-title=West Wing of Donggang Shore |author=Kinmen Tribe|date=4 July 2010 |language=zh-TW|location=Lieyu}}</ref> It was hit by [[crossfire]] from L-05, L-06 and Fort [[Fuxing Islet]] of the 2nd Battalion, plus two [[M72 LAW]] ([[Anti-tank warfare#Infantry 2|Light Anti-Tank Weapon]]) rounds by the WPN Company in reinforcement. [[Armor-piercing shell]]s penetrated through the sky-blue wooden [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]] without [[detonation]]. Three unarmed Vietnamese men jumped off the boat, raised their hands, and pled in Chinese, ''"Don't shoot...!"'' but were all shot dead instantly.<ref name="OHSIR">{{Cite web|url=https://ohsir.tw/4654/|title=【金門三七事件】台版「平庸的邪惡」:你有不開槍的勇氣嗎? – 重大歷史懸疑案件調查辦公室|trans-title=Taiwanese version of the "Banality of Evil": Do you have the courage not to shoot?|author=Yenshi Scholar|date=22 May 2019 |publisher=the Office of Historical Suspense Investigation and Research|language=zh-tw}}</ref> |
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The local 3rd Dongang [[Company (military unit)|Company]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=東崗連}}) Commander, Captain Zhang, received the order from the brigade commander to dispatch a search team boarding the boat. Two [[Mk 2 grenade|hand grenade]]s were thrown into the boat, then found that all the passengers were [[Vietnam]]ese refugees with no weapon on board. The passengers said that the vessel had experienced a mechanical failure. Because of the heavy fog, the strong seasonal [[Ocean current|currents]] and the rising [[tide]] since late afternoon, the boat drifted into the open bay. The surviving passengers and the bodies of the dead were taken out of the boat and placed on the beach, with neither [[first aid]] nor any [[life support]] supply rendered. Followed by intense [[telecommunication]] with the Division Headquarter (DHQ), the commanders at the scene received orders from their superiors – alleged directly by Commander General Zhao – to execute the passengers to eliminate all the eyewitnesses. Some received multiple shots when the first bullet had not killed them. Among the bodies piled were elderly people, men, women, one [[pregnant]] woman, children, and a baby in a [[sweater]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Win Zen|title=東崗據點與東崗事件|trans-title=Donggang Fort and Incident|url=http://winzen64.pixnet.net/blog/post/30134654-%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E6%93%9A%E9%BB%9E%E8%88%87%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6|date=11 August 2012}}{{in lang|zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Lu Xia-zhen|title=東崗三七事件|trans-title=March 7 Incident at Donggang|url=http://blog.xuite.net/yisunlu/twblog/127190833-%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 |date=26 September 2008 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
The local 3rd Dongang [[Company (military unit)|Company]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=東崗連}}) Commander, Captain Zhang, received the order from the brigade commander to dispatch a search team boarding the boat. Two [[Mk 2 grenade|hand grenade]]s were thrown into the boat, then found that all the passengers were [[Vietnam]]ese refugees with no weapon on board. The passengers said that the vessel had experienced a mechanical failure. Because of the heavy fog, the strong seasonal [[Ocean current|currents]] and the rising [[tide]] since late afternoon, the boat drifted into the open bay. The surviving passengers and the bodies of the dead were taken out of the boat and placed on the beach, with neither [[first aid]] nor any [[life support]] supply rendered. Followed by intense [[telecommunication]] with the Division Headquarter (DHQ), the commanders at the scene received orders from their superiors – alleged directly by Commander General Zhao – to execute the passengers to eliminate all the eyewitnesses. Some received multiple shots when the first bullet had not killed them. Among the bodies piled were elderly people, men, women, one [[pregnant]] woman, children, and a baby in a [[sweater]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Win Zen|title=東崗據點與東崗事件|trans-title=Donggang Fort and Incident|url=http://winzen64.pixnet.net/blog/post/30134654-%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E6%93%9A%E9%BB%9E%E8%88%87%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6|date=11 August 2012}}{{in lang|zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Lu Xia-zhen|title=東崗三七事件|trans-title=March 7 Incident at Donggang|url=http://blog.xuite.net/yisunlu/twblog/127190833-%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 |date=26 September 2008 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
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The last words of the pregnant woman before being executed by [[.45 ACP|.45 Caliber]] handgun shots with two other women were in English: ''"...Help me...Help my baby...My baby seven months..."'', then the battalion operation officer made joke on her dead body and have never shown any remorse during the annual reunions with lunches in the later years. A senior lady being pulled out of the boat cabin presented six gold bars and one bag of [[United States one-hundred-dollar bill|US bills]] and [[Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note| Hong Kong notes]] begging for mercy, which were submitted to the Brigade HQ after her execution but somehow disappeared, since these items were never enumerated in the KDC Incident Report.<ref name="Chang">{{Cite web|title=栽贓預官之作|trans-title=Framing the Conscription Reserver Officer |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2062085303959031&id=100004727437955 |author=Dr. Chang Tun-chih|date=21 January 2022 |access-date=2022 |
The last words of the pregnant woman before being executed by [[.45 ACP|.45 Caliber]] handgun shots with two other women were in English: ''"...Help me...Help my baby...My baby seven months..."'', then the battalion operation officer made joke on her dead body and have never shown any remorse during the annual reunions with lunches in the later years. A senior lady being pulled out of the boat cabin presented six gold bars and one bag of [[United States one-hundred-dollar bill|US bills]] and [[Hong Kong one hundred-dollar note| Hong Kong notes]] begging for mercy, which were submitted to the Brigade HQ after her execution but somehow disappeared, since these items were never enumerated in the KDC Incident Report.<ref name="Chang">{{Cite web|title=栽贓預官之作|trans-title=Framing the Conscription Reserver Officer |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2062085303959031&id=100004727437955 |author=Dr. Chang Tun-chih|date=21 January 2022 |access-date=8 February 2022 |publisher=Liu Wen-hsiao|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref name="Liu">{{Cite web|title=19 bodies and 20 lives lost |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2064552137045681&set=a.227022127465367 |author=Liu Wen-hsiao |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=6 February 2022 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
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In the morning 09:00 of 8 March 1987, the [[Medic]]al [[Platoon]] of the [[Headquarters and Headquarters Company|Battalion Headquarter]] (BHQ) Company was called in to bury all the bodies at the beach. The platoon members were ordered to execute any surviving refugees. The wounded were buried alive, and those who were still moving or crying were dictated to be killed by military shovels.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hao Guang-tsai|title=背對太陽就看見自己的陰影!|trans-title=Seeing One's Own Shadow When Turning Back of Sun|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLRC-4ULl5Y|publisher=[[China Television|CTV]]|date=18 March 2016}}{{in lang|zh-tw}}</ref> The entire boat was also instructed to be burned down aside from the only 3-blade propeller non-flammable to gasoline, then all buried in sand to destroy all the evidence right away. The last victim, a young boy being hidden underneath a board cell was also found and executed by order without exception.<ref name="Liuyu" /> The guarding [[sergeant]] of the BHQ company overnight counted the bodies as more than nineteen.<ref>{{cite web|author=Taconet|title=L-05據點|trans-title=Fort L-05|url=https://taconet.pixnet.net/blog/post/38353213-l-05%E6%93%9A%E9%BB%9E|publisher=«Lieyu Observation Notes» |date=12 November 2012}}{{in lang|zh-tw}}</ref> |
In the morning 09:00 of 8 March 1987, the [[Medic]]al [[Platoon]] of the [[Headquarters and Headquarters Company|Battalion Headquarter]] (BHQ) Company was called in to bury all the bodies at the beach. The platoon members were ordered to execute any surviving refugees. The wounded were buried alive, and those who were still moving or crying were dictated to be killed by military shovels.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hao Guang-tsai|title=背對太陽就看見自己的陰影!|trans-title=Seeing One's Own Shadow When Turning Back of Sun|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLRC-4ULl5Y|publisher=[[China Television|CTV]]|date=18 March 2016}}{{in lang|zh-tw}}</ref> The entire boat was also instructed to be burned down aside from the only 3-blade propeller non-flammable to gasoline, then all buried in sand to destroy all the evidence right away. The last victim, a young boy being hidden underneath a board cell was also found and executed by order without exception.<ref name="Liuyu" /> The guarding [[sergeant]] of the BHQ company overnight counted the bodies as more than nineteen.<ref>{{cite web|author=Taconet|title=L-05據點|trans-title=Fort L-05|url=https://taconet.pixnet.net/blog/post/38353213-l-05%E6%93%9A%E9%BB%9E|publisher=«Lieyu Observation Notes» |date=12 November 2012}}{{in lang|zh-tw}}</ref> |
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The Ammunition Specialist of the 3rd Company collected the following major consumption reports (not including the other companies and the Fuxing Islet of 2nd Battalion): 320 [[M60 machine gun]] shots, 162 [[M14 rifle|T57 rifle]] shots, 21 [[M224 mortar|T75 Mortar]] shells (above mainly during the warning and expelling usages), 36 [[M1911 pistol]] shots (mainly for execution), 2 [[Mk 2 grenade|grenade]]s not detonated, 6 [[Bazooka#Rocket Launcher, M20 "super bazooka"|M20 Bazooka]] shells (2 of them not working), plus 2 [[M72 LAW]] shells not detonated.<ref name="Amno">{{Cite web|title=東岡事件的彈藥消耗數量出土|trans-title=The ammunition consumption of the Donggang Incident is revealed |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2065112323656329&set=a.227022127465367 |author=Dr. Chang Tun-chih|date=26 January 2022 |access-date=2022 |
The Ammunition Specialist of the 3rd Company collected the following major consumption reports (not including the other companies and the Fuxing Islet of 2nd Battalion): 320 [[M60 machine gun]] shots, 162 [[M14 rifle|T57 rifle]] shots, 21 [[M224 mortar|T75 Mortar]] shells (above mainly during the warning and expelling usages), 36 [[M1911 pistol]] shots (mainly for execution), 2 [[Mk 2 grenade|grenade]]s not detonated, 6 [[Bazooka#Rocket Launcher, M20 "super bazooka"|M20 Bazooka]] shells (2 of them not working), plus 2 [[M72 LAW]] shells not detonated.<ref name="Amno">{{Cite web|title=東岡事件的彈藥消耗數量出土|trans-title=The ammunition consumption of the Donggang Incident is revealed |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2065112323656329&set=a.227022127465367 |author=Dr. Chang Tun-chih|date=26 January 2022 |access-date=8 February 2022 |publisher=Liu Wen-hsiao|language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
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Since some [[Combat Medic|medics]] defied the direct order of victim execution, [[brigade commander]] Zhong instructed the Nantang [[Headquarters and Headquarters Company|Brigade Headquarter]] (RHQ) Company commander captain leading 1/3 soldiers to take over the [[Battalion]] headquarter and the BHQ company as the emergency measure to maintain order. Later that day, a real fishing boat from [[China]] approached the coast attempting to check out what happened. It was also shot to destroy, and sunk in the open sea with 4 confirmed kills to ensure that nobody survived – an event which some veterans later called the ''"March 8 Incident"''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ah-hsin, 158D veteran|trans-title=20th Memorial to the Donggang Incident" |url=https://natac.pixnet.net/blog/post/99733293-%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4 |title=東崗事件二十週年|publisher=難得緣份~金誠連部落格|date=7 March 2007 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
Since some [[Combat Medic|medics]] defied the direct order of victim execution, [[brigade commander]] Zhong instructed the Nantang [[Headquarters and Headquarters Company|Brigade Headquarter]] (RHQ) Company commander captain leading 1/3 soldiers to take over the [[Battalion]] headquarter and the BHQ company as the emergency measure to maintain order. Later that day, a real fishing boat from [[China]] approached the coast attempting to check out what happened. It was also shot to destroy, and sunk in the open sea with 4 confirmed kills to ensure that nobody survived – an event which some veterans later called the ''"March 8 Incident"''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ah-hsin, 158D veteran|trans-title=20th Memorial to the Donggang Incident" |url=https://natac.pixnet.net/blog/post/99733293-%E6%9D%B1%E5%B4%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4 |title=東崗事件二十週年|publisher=難得緣份~金誠連部落格|date=7 March 2007 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
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==Revelation== |
==Revelation== |
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The native store owner heard the crying of refugees overnight and made a phone call to inform the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] member, [[Huang Chao-hui]] in [[Kaohsiung]], but the contact was soon lost. At the time, all civilian and public long-distance phone calls were being routinely monitored by the Communication Supervision Section of Kinmen Defense Command.<ref>Yung-yuan, [https://home.gamer.com.tw/creationDetail.php?sn=3018241 "Related reportage entries on March 7 Incident"]《三七事件相關報導》clipping data, Bahamut, Nov. 15, 2015</ref> Nevertheless, the bodies were not buried deeply at the [[Crime scene|first scene]]. Influenced by tidal [[seawater]] and high temperatures, the bodies soon began to [[decompose]] and were dug out by [[wild dog]]s from the [[landfill]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=小金垃圾場}}) on the back side of the western hill, and were later reburied collectively in 3 mounds as the second scene on the higher ground next to the tree line. This task was performed by the 1st Company, who had just resumed their posts after winning the annual Army Physical and Combat Competitions in Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=中籤參加國軍329體能戰技好漢們集合 |url=https://army.chlin.com.tw/BBS/archiver/?tid-5450.html |author1=陸軍野戰砲兵 |author2=精誠連大帥 |date=9 April 2011 |access-date=2021 |
The native store owner heard the crying of refugees overnight and made a phone call to inform the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] member, [[Huang Chao-hui]] in [[Kaohsiung]], but the contact was soon lost. At the time, all civilian and public long-distance phone calls were being routinely monitored by the Communication Supervision Section of Kinmen Defense Command.<ref>Yung-yuan, [https://home.gamer.com.tw/creationDetail.php?sn=3018241 "Related reportage entries on March 7 Incident"]《三七事件相關報導》clipping data, Bahamut, Nov. 15, 2015</ref> Nevertheless, the bodies were not buried deeply at the [[Crime scene|first scene]]. Influenced by tidal [[seawater]] and high temperatures, the bodies soon began to [[decompose]] and were dug out by [[wild dog]]s from the [[landfill]] ({{zh|labels=no|t=小金垃圾場}}) on the back side of the western hill, and were later reburied collectively in 3 mounds as the second scene on the higher ground next to the tree line. This task was performed by the 1st Company, who had just resumed their posts after winning the annual Army Physical and Combat Competitions in Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=中籤參加國軍329體能戰技好漢們集合 |url=https://army.chlin.com.tw/BBS/archiver/?tid-5450.html |author1=陸軍野戰砲兵 |author2=精誠連大帥 |date=9 April 2011 |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=後備軍友俱樂部 演訓回憶 |language=zh-tw}}</ref> Accounts of [[ghost]] sightings prompted villagers to hold religious ceremonies, (and a tiny [[shrine]] was built by soldiers for the same reason on the beach next year as well) making it all the more difficult to prevent the spreading of information about the incident.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIlUPcN63L8|title=將軍晚點名0503#大時代故事#三七事件#前線東崗|trans-title=Polaris telling stories|author=Major-general Yu Bei-chen|date=3 May 2020 |publisher=General Late Calls|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref name="Kinmen Tribe" /> Nonetheless, both scenes along with 04 Station, L-05 Fort, Donggang Port and even the [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]] bank were all demolished in recent years. |
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In early May 1987, [[British Hong Kong]] newspapers first reported that the refugee boat went missing after leaving the port along the coast for Kinmen, Taiwan.<ref name="OHSIR" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.peoplenews.tw/news/18131c51-15f6-4176-97f0-825641326e80 |title=有了藍綠,台灣才永續生存|trans-title=With Blue and Green, Taiwan can survive forever |author=Hong Bo-xue |date=14 December 2015 |newspaper=Taiwan People News |language=zh-TW}}</ref> Informed by the overseas office, higher officials questioned the Kinmen Defense Command but got no concrete response; instead, the Command swapped this coast defense [[battalion]] from the front line with another reserve battalion in the training base in urgency in order to strengthen the personnel control and communication restriction to prevent further leaking news, and their unit designation codes were also shifted for the following 2 years to confuse outsiders. Twice of [[bribery|"extra bonus"]] cash summing up to half a month of a [[captain]]'s salary, $6,000 were also abnormally awarded to the [[company commander]]s against the government regulation and ethics on the eve of [[Dragon boat festival]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Guang Tang |url=http://www.taiwantt.org.tw/tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2800&Itemid=57 |title=金門37慘案─國軍「美萊村事件」|trans-title=March 7 Incident in Kinmen – ROC Army version of [[My Lai Massacre]]|publisher=Taiwan Tati Cultural And Educational Foundation|date=8 November 2010 }}</ref> Until the end of May, recently discharged [[conscription|conscript]] soldiers from Kinmen began to arrive in Taiwan Proper by the term schedule and finally were able to appeal to the newly founded [[opposition party]], [[Democratic Progressive Party]]. The information of the massacre started to spread in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Guan Ren-jian|title=國軍屠殺越南難民的三七事件|trans-title=ROC Army Massacre Vietnamese Refugees in March Incident|url=http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/kuan0416/post/1304293327 |publisher=PChome News|date= 7 March 2008 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
In early May 1987, [[British Hong Kong]] newspapers first reported that the refugee boat went missing after leaving the port along the coast for Kinmen, Taiwan.<ref name="OHSIR" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.peoplenews.tw/news/18131c51-15f6-4176-97f0-825641326e80 |title=有了藍綠,台灣才永續生存|trans-title=With Blue and Green, Taiwan can survive forever |author=Hong Bo-xue |date=14 December 2015 |newspaper=Taiwan People News |language=zh-TW}}</ref> Informed by the overseas office, higher officials questioned the Kinmen Defense Command but got no concrete response; instead, the Command swapped this coast defense [[battalion]] from the front line with another reserve battalion in the training base in urgency in order to strengthen the personnel control and communication restriction to prevent further leaking news, and their unit designation codes were also shifted for the following 2 years to confuse outsiders. Twice of [[bribery|"extra bonus"]] cash summing up to half a month of a [[captain]]'s salary, $6,000 were also abnormally awarded to the [[company commander]]s against the government regulation and ethics on the eve of [[Dragon boat festival]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Guang Tang |url=http://www.taiwantt.org.tw/tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2800&Itemid=57 |title=金門37慘案─國軍「美萊村事件」|trans-title=March 7 Incident in Kinmen – ROC Army version of [[My Lai Massacre]]|publisher=Taiwan Tati Cultural And Educational Foundation|date=8 November 2010 }}</ref> Until the end of May, recently discharged [[conscription|conscript]] soldiers from Kinmen began to arrive in Taiwan Proper by the term schedule and finally were able to appeal to the newly founded [[opposition party]], [[Democratic Progressive Party]]. The information of the massacre started to spread in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Guan Ren-jian|title=國軍屠殺越南難民的三七事件|trans-title=ROC Army Massacre Vietnamese Refugees in March Incident|url=http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/kuan0416/post/1304293327 |publisher=PChome News|date= 7 March 2008 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
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Ten weeks after the massacre, the [[President of the Republic of China]] (Taiwan), [[Chiang Ching-kuo]], reacted to concealment by the 158 [[Division (military)|Division]] and the Kinmen Defense Command. [[General]] Zhao Wan-fu, said he was unaware of the event. While being questioned by the Chief of the General Staff ({{zh|labels=no|t=參謀總長}}), [[Four-star rank|Superior-general]] [[Hau Pei-tsun]] on 20 May, General Zhao still lied: ''"It was just a couple of 'Communist soldiers' (referring to the penetration of People's Liberation Army) being shot in the water"'', but Zhao's statement was obviously unbelievable. Then Superior-general Hau ordered to move the corpses from the beach to a remote hidden slope in front of Fort L-03 (East Cape) on the right, filled with [[cement]] and built a concrete training wall on top of it as the military property to prevent any future investigation. The corpses remain sealed in the final place of the third scene with no mark today.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N3MyEdRlSg|title=東崗37事件回顧|trans-title=Recall of Donggong 37 Incident|author=Xiao Shun-fa|date=16 April 2019 |language=zh-tw}}(Final resting place at the third scene under training wall)</ref> |
Ten weeks after the massacre, the [[President of the Republic of China]] (Taiwan), [[Chiang Ching-kuo]], reacted to concealment by the 158 [[Division (military)|Division]] and the Kinmen Defense Command. [[General]] Zhao Wan-fu, said he was unaware of the event. While being questioned by the Chief of the General Staff ({{zh|labels=no|t=參謀總長}}), [[Four-star rank|Superior-general]] [[Hau Pei-tsun]] on 20 May, General Zhao still lied: ''"It was just a couple of 'Communist soldiers' (referring to the penetration of People's Liberation Army) being shot in the water"'', but Zhao's statement was obviously unbelievable. Then Superior-general Hau ordered to move the corpses from the beach to a remote hidden slope in front of Fort L-03 (East Cape) on the right, filled with [[cement]] and built a concrete training wall on top of it as the military property to prevent any future investigation. The corpses remain sealed in the final place of the third scene with no mark today.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6N3MyEdRlSg|title=東崗37事件回顧|trans-title=Recall of Donggong 37 Incident|author=Xiao Shun-fa|date=16 April 2019 |language=zh-tw}}(Final resting place at the third scene under training wall)</ref> |
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The witness soldiers at scene were summoned for political education 3 times to collude with the fake testimony in uniform for investigation,<ref name= "Chang"/> and were listed to sign the oath by order before departure to maintain silence to guard in secret for life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=東岡事件射手的告白|trans-title=Confession of a Machine Gunner in the Donggang Incident |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2065730566927838&id=100004727437955 |last=Liu|first=Wen-hsiao|date=26 January 2022 |access-date= |
The witness soldiers at scene were summoned for political education 3 times to collude with the fake testimony in uniform for investigation,<ref name= "Chang"/> and were listed to sign the oath by order before departure to maintain silence to guard in secret for life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=東岡事件射手的告白|trans-title=Confession of a Machine Gunner in the Donggang Incident |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=2065730566927838&id=100004727437955 |last=Liu|first=Wen-hsiao|date=26 January 2022 |access-date=20 February 2022 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=191103 金防部司令談東岡事件|trans-title=[Kinmen Defense Commander talks on the Donggang Incident] |url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/185713068164422/permalink/2434434283292278/ |last=Liu|first=Wen-hsiao|date=3 November 2019|access-date=20 February 2022 |via=Lieyu Veteran Association|language=zh-TW}}</ref> As a key witness at the DHQ Situation Room ({{zh|labels=no|t=師部戰情室}}) when the massacre occurred for the investigation by the end of May, the Chief Intelligence Officer of 158 Division G2 (參二科科長), Lieutenant-colonel Xu Lai ({{zh|labels=no|t=徐萊中校}}), mysteriously disappeared after a supervision task over a company-level night patrol and checkpoints, same to another [[non-commissioned officer]] at post within a week. Their bodies were never found.<ref>Xu Tim, [https://medico.pixnet.net/blog/post/26952464-%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA(%E4%B8%8A)-%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6] "My father in the Kinmen massacre" (徐霆《父親(上) 金門屠殺事件》), Jun. 4, 2008</ref> |
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On 5 June 1987, ''[[Independence Evening Post]]'' was the first Taiwanese newspaper reporting the massacre with the formal questioning by the newly elected [[Parliament Member]] (and future First Lady) [[Wu Shu-chen]], along with PM [[Chang Chun-hsiung]] and PM [[Kang Ning-hsiang]] from the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] to the [[Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China)|Ministry of National Defense]] during the general assembly of [[Legislative Yuan]]. Her questions were repeatedly denied by the Military Spokesman, Major-general Zhang Hui Yuan ({{zh|labels=no|t=張慧元少將}}), who accused the [[Congresswoman]], Mme. Wu of "sabotaging the national reputation", and claimed it was actually "a Chinese [[fishing boat]] being sunk in the sea after ignoring the warnings".<ref>{{cite journal | title=大陸民主鬥士,非請莫入 |trans-title=No Entrance without Invitation for Mainland Democracy Fighters |author=Wen Hsian-shen | url=https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/42317 |journal=Global Views Monthly《遠見雜誌》| issue=Vol.38 |language=zh-TW }} Aug. 1989</ref> The uniformed propaganda was broadcast in the evening news on all public TV channels that night, and since next morning on 6 June, all local newspapers received the government instructions to publicize the press release of the [[Central News Agency (Taiwan)|Central News Agency]] originated from the Military News Agency ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:國防部政治作戰局#所屬單位|軍聞社]]}}). With the advocacy of [[Formosan Association for Public Affairs]], the [[United States House of Representatives]] hence passed the "Taiwan Democracy Resolution" (H.R.1777) on 17 June, calling on the ROC government to end the Martial Law ruling, lift the [[Dang Guo|ban on political parties]], accelerate the realization of democracy including the protection of freedom of speech and assembly, and reform [[Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion#History|the parliament election system]] for the legitimacy of government; the [[United States Senate]] passed the same resolution in December.<ref>{{cite book |title=FAPA and Congress Diplomacy|author=Chen, Rong-ru |publisher=Avantguard Publishing |isbn= 957-801-436-8|date=2004}}</ref> |
On 5 June 1987, ''[[Independence Evening Post]]'' was the first Taiwanese newspaper reporting the massacre with the formal questioning by the newly elected [[Parliament Member]] (and future First Lady) [[Wu Shu-chen]], along with PM [[Chang Chun-hsiung]] and PM [[Kang Ning-hsiang]] from the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] to the [[Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China)|Ministry of National Defense]] during the general assembly of [[Legislative Yuan]]. Her questions were repeatedly denied by the Military Spokesman, Major-general Zhang Hui Yuan ({{zh|labels=no|t=張慧元少將}}), who accused the [[Congresswoman]], Mme. Wu of "sabotaging the national reputation", and claimed it was actually "a Chinese [[fishing boat]] being sunk in the sea after ignoring the warnings".<ref>{{cite journal | title=大陸民主鬥士,非請莫入 |trans-title=No Entrance without Invitation for Mainland Democracy Fighters |author=Wen Hsian-shen | url=https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/42317 |journal=Global Views Monthly《遠見雜誌》| issue=Vol.38 |language=zh-TW }} Aug. 1989</ref> The uniformed propaganda was broadcast in the evening news on all public TV channels that night, and since next morning on 6 June, all local newspapers received the government instructions to publicize the press release of the [[Central News Agency (Taiwan)|Central News Agency]] originated from the Military News Agency ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:國防部政治作戰局#所屬單位|軍聞社]]}}). With the advocacy of [[Formosan Association for Public Affairs]], the [[United States House of Representatives]] hence passed the "Taiwan Democracy Resolution" (H.R.1777) on 17 June, calling on the ROC government to end the Martial Law ruling, lift the [[Dang Guo|ban on political parties]], accelerate the realization of democracy including the protection of freedom of speech and assembly, and reform [[Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion#History|the parliament election system]] for the legitimacy of government; the [[United States Senate]] passed the same resolution in December.<ref>{{cite book |title=FAPA and Congress Diplomacy|author=Chen, Rong-ru |publisher=Avantguard Publishing |isbn= 957-801-436-8|date=2004}}</ref> |
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The case was classified as military secret ever since for 20 years to prevent any further leaking information or the prosecution will apply.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Cheng Nan-jung]]|title=奮起,莫讓軍方成為最後仲裁者|url=http://www.nylon.org.tw/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=288:2011-02-19-06-07-06&catid=2:2009-04-05-16-41-44&Itemid=9 |trans-title=Courage! Don't let the Military become the Final Arbiter!|publisher=Freedom Era Weekly, Ver. 237|language=zh-TW|date=1988-08-13}}</ref> The following media reports were censored and the publication were banned by the Nationalist government. Eventually when the police broke into the ''Freedom Era Weekly'' ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:自由時代周刊|自由時代周刊]]}}, which had publicized the case interviews and editorials before) magazine office for arrest with another count of [[Treason]] charge in April, 1989, [[editor-in-chief]], [[Cheng Nan-jung]] [[Self-immolation|set himself on fire]] then died in blaze to protest for the [[freedom of speech]]. Military journalist Zhang You-hua ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:張友驊|張友驊]]}}) of ''Independence Evening Post'' on the other hand was sentenced to 1 year and 7 months with a probation period of 3 years in November 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Re: 張友驊怒告國防部 網友封驊英雄|trans-title=You-hua Zhang Sues Ministry of National Defense; Netizens Call Him A Hero|url=https://ck101.com/thread-2777303-1-1.html |author=Palm777|date=2013-07-19|access-date= |
The case was classified as military secret ever since for 20 years to prevent any further leaking information or the prosecution will apply.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Cheng Nan-jung]]|title=奮起,莫讓軍方成為最後仲裁者|url=http://www.nylon.org.tw/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=288:2011-02-19-06-07-06&catid=2:2009-04-05-16-41-44&Itemid=9 |trans-title=Courage! Don't let the Military become the Final Arbiter!|publisher=Freedom Era Weekly, Ver. 237|language=zh-TW|date=1988-08-13}}</ref> The following media reports were censored and the publication were banned by the Nationalist government. Eventually when the police broke into the ''Freedom Era Weekly'' ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:自由時代周刊|自由時代周刊]]}}, which had publicized the case interviews and editorials before) magazine office for arrest with another count of [[Treason]] charge in April, 1989, [[editor-in-chief]], [[Cheng Nan-jung]] [[Self-immolation|set himself on fire]] then died in blaze to protest for the [[freedom of speech]]. Military journalist Zhang You-hua ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:張友驊|張友驊]]}}) of ''Independence Evening Post'' on the other hand was sentenced to 1 year and 7 months with a probation period of 3 years in November 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Re: 張友驊怒告國防部 網友封驊英雄|trans-title=You-hua Zhang Sues Ministry of National Defense; Netizens Call Him A Hero|url=https://ck101.com/thread-2777303-1-1.html |author=Palm777|date=2013-07-19|access-date=13 September 2021 |publisher=卡提諾論壇|language=zh-tw}}</ref> |
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The official [[cover-up]] story of the Chinese fishing boat sunk by one shell of bombardment applied to the public for 13 years, until being uncovered by the publication of «''8-year Diary of the Chief of the General Staff (1981-1989)''» ({{zh|labels=no|t=八年參謀總長日記}}) by Superior-general Hau in 2000.<ref>[[Hau Pei-tsun|Bocun Hao]], [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13062852M/Ba_nian_can_mou_zong_zhang_ri_ji_(She_hui_ren_wen)#about/about] "Ba nian can mou zong zhang ri ji (She hui ren wen)", 2000</ref> The [[Government of the Republic of China]] has made [[no comment]] thereafter. |
The official [[cover-up]] story of the Chinese fishing boat sunk by one shell of bombardment applied to the public for 13 years, until being uncovered by the publication of «''8-year Diary of the Chief of the General Staff (1981-1989)''» ({{zh|labels=no|t=八年參謀總長日記}}) by Superior-general Hau in 2000.<ref>[[Hau Pei-tsun|Bocun Hao]], [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13062852M/Ba_nian_can_mou_zong_zhang_ri_ji_(She_hui_ren_wen)#about/about] "Ba nian can mou zong zhang ri ji (She hui ren wen)", 2000</ref> The [[Government of the Republic of China]] has made [[no comment]] thereafter. |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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After the scandal was exposed, President Chiang Ching-kuo received a letter from [[Amnesty International]] expressing [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] concern, and assigned the Chief of General Staff, Superior-general Hau, to investigate this case. The Minister of National Defense, [[Cheng Wei-yuan]] also arrived in Kinmen, who dispatched a special envoy of the [[Political Warfare Bureau]] to conduct the field investigation with excavation discovering the civilian cadavers and eventually solved the criminal case on 23 May. On 28 May, the [[Republic of China Military Police|Military Police]] began to detain over 30 officers back to Taiwan to [[court-martial]], including the commanders, corresponding political officers and related staff officers along the 5 levels on the [[Command hierarchy|chain of command]], whereas 45 officers received the [[Military justice#Administrative punishment|administrative sanction]] of dishonored transfer.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Liu Wen-hsiao|title=金防部司令談東岡事件 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MYGi_2CiaM |trans-title=Kinmen Defense Commander talks on the Donggang Incident|publisher=Wings of China film database|language=zh-TW|date=2019-11-03}}</ref> Later on 14 July, Minister Cheng also endorsed the historical decree of President Chiang to end the notorious 38-year-long [[Martial law in Taiwan|Martial law ruling]] period (1948–1987) in Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=臺灣地區解嚴令 |trans-title=Decree to Lift the Martial Law in Taiwan region |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000016 |author=[[Ministry of Justice (Taiwan)|ROC Ministry of Justice]] |date=1987-07-14 |access-date=2021 |
After the scandal was exposed, President Chiang Ching-kuo received a letter from [[Amnesty International]] expressing [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] concern, and assigned the Chief of General Staff, Superior-general Hau, to investigate this case. The Minister of National Defense, [[Cheng Wei-yuan]] also arrived in Kinmen, who dispatched a special envoy of the [[Political Warfare Bureau]] to conduct the field investigation with excavation discovering the civilian cadavers and eventually solved the criminal case on 23 May. On 28 May, the [[Republic of China Military Police|Military Police]] began to detain over 30 officers back to Taiwan to [[court-martial]], including the commanders, corresponding political officers and related staff officers along the 5 levels on the [[Command hierarchy|chain of command]], whereas 45 officers received the [[Military justice#Administrative punishment|administrative sanction]] of dishonored transfer.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Liu Wen-hsiao|title=金防部司令談東岡事件 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MYGi_2CiaM |trans-title=Kinmen Defense Commander talks on the Donggang Incident|publisher=Wings of China film database|language=zh-TW|date=2019-11-03}}</ref> Later on 14 July, Minister Cheng also endorsed the historical decree of President Chiang to end the notorious 38-year-long [[Martial law in Taiwan|Martial law ruling]] period (1948–1987) in Taiwan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=臺灣地區解嚴令 |trans-title=Decree to Lift the Martial Law in Taiwan region |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000016 |author=[[Ministry of Justice (Taiwan)|ROC Ministry of Justice]] |date=1987-07-14 |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China |location=Taipei |language=zh-tw}}</ref> except the War Zone Administration ({{zh|labels=no|t=戰地政務}}) on the frontier regions including Kinmen and [[Matsu Islands]] remained under the military governing till 7 November 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|title=金門、馬祖地區戰地政務實驗辦法 |trans-title=Experimental Measures for the War Zone Administration in Kinmen and Matsu regions |url=https://www.rootlaw.com.tw/LawContent.aspx?LawID=A040060030000900-0811105 |author=Legislative Yuan |date=1992-11-05 |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Root Law |location=Taipei |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>Art. 3, <Act on the Security and Assistance for Kinmen, Matsu, |
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[[Pratas Islands|Pratas]], and [[Spratly Islands]]> (金門馬祖東沙南沙地區安全及輔導條例), version in effect from 7 November 1992, to 12 May 1994. {{cite news|date=29 September 2014 |title=《世紀金門百年輝煌》Centenary Anniversary Archive of Founding the Kinmen County|url=https://www.kmdn.gov.tw/1117/1271/1279/244306/|access-date=9 August 2019|newspaper=Special Monthly Edition of Kinmen Daily News}}</ref> President Chiang further lifted the ban on the [[divided family]] members across the [[Taiwan Strait|Strait]] to visit their families in China by allowing transfer through a third place, such as [[Hong Kong]], [[Okinawa]] or [[Tokyo]], on 2, November.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cck.org.tw/life/life_taiwan_8.html|title=開放兩岸探親|trans-title=Open for cross-strait family visits|access-date=2016 |
[[Pratas Islands|Pratas]], and [[Spratly Islands]]> (金門馬祖東沙南沙地區安全及輔導條例), version in effect from 7 November 1992, to 12 May 1994. {{cite news|date=29 September 2014 |title=《世紀金門百年輝煌》Centenary Anniversary Archive of Founding the Kinmen County|url=https://www.kmdn.gov.tw/1117/1271/1279/244306/|access-date=9 August 2019|newspaper=Special Monthly Edition of Kinmen Daily News}}</ref> President Chiang further lifted the ban on the [[divided family]] members across the [[Taiwan Strait|Strait]] to visit their families in China by allowing transfer through a third place, such as [[Hong Kong]], [[Okinawa]] or [[Tokyo]], on 2, November.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cck.org.tw/life/life_taiwan_8.html|title=開放兩岸探親|trans-title=Open for cross-strait family visits|access-date=1 May 2016 |date=2015-07-01|publisher=Preparatory Committee of the Centennial Birthday Commemoration of President Jiang Guo|language=zh-TW}}</ref> |
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In October 1987, Brigade Commander Zhong was sentenced to 1 year and 10 months for [[Aiding and abetting|abetting]] [[murders]]; Battalion Commander Major Liu was sentenced to 1 year and 10 months for being an [[accomplice]] to [[serial murders]]; WPN and 3rd Company commanders, Captain Li and Captain Zhang, both were sentenced to 1 year and 8 months for serial murders – but all the sentences were commuted with a [[probation]] period of 3 years, therefore none of the convicted field commanders was required to spend one day in the prison though under heavy pressure from the international society and media later, they stayed in rank with posts suspended to continue service without pay until the end of term before relocating to training officer positions; [[Brigade commander|Brigade Commander]] Zhong took a senior lead [[colonel]] position in a [[military academy]], Army Communication, Electronics and Information School. Their later regular [[retirement]] and [[pension]] plans were not affected. |
In October 1987, Brigade Commander Zhong was sentenced to 1 year and 10 months for [[Aiding and abetting|abetting]] [[murders]]; Battalion Commander Major Liu was sentenced to 1 year and 10 months for being an [[accomplice]] to [[serial murders]]; WPN and 3rd Company commanders, Captain Li and Captain Zhang, both were sentenced to 1 year and 8 months for serial murders – but all the sentences were commuted with a [[probation]] period of 3 years, therefore none of the convicted field commanders was required to spend one day in the prison though under heavy pressure from the international society and media later, they stayed in rank with posts suspended to continue service without pay until the end of term before relocating to training officer positions; [[Brigade commander|Brigade Commander]] Zhong took a senior lead [[colonel]] position in a [[military academy]], Army Communication, Electronics and Information School. Their later regular [[retirement]] and [[pension]] plans were not affected. |
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The superior officers received no official punishment, and recovered their military career after President Chiang suddenly died in January 1988.<ref>{{cite web |author=Guan Ren-jian |url=http://hanreporter.blogspot.ca/2013/07/blog-post_29.html |title=你不知道的國軍「潛規則」|trans-title=The Unspoken Army Rules You Don't Know |website=Digital Newspaper Network |date=July 29, 2013|language=zh-TW}}</ref> [[Chief of staff|Principal staff officer]], Major-general Fan Jai-yu ({{zh|labels=no|t=范宰予少將}}) was promoted to the commander of the 210 [[Heavy infantry|Heavy Infantry]] Division of [[Hualien County|Hualien]] Expansion in 1989, then further ranked to [[Lieutenant general|lieutenant-general]], commander of the [[Penghu]] Defense Command in 1994, and the Principal of the [[Fu Hsing Kang College|Political Warfare Cadres Academy]] in 1996; [[Division (military)|Division]] Commander, Major-general Gong Li was shifted to the Chief of Staff of the War College ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:國防大學 (中華民國)#戰爭學院|戰爭學院]]}}), [[National Defense University (Republic of China)|National Defense University]], then promoted to the deputy commander of the Huadong Defense Command ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:陸軍花東防衛指揮部|花東防衛司令部]]}}) in 1992, and the Civil Level-12 Director of [[Banqiao District]] House ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:榮譽國民之家|榮譽國民之家]]}}) of the [[Veterans Affairs Council]] in 2000; Kinmen Defense Commander Zhao was promoted to deputy chief commander [[Republic of China Army rank insignia|general]] of the [[Republic of China Army]] in 1989, and further to Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] in 1991; then appointed with honours as a strategy advisor ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:中華民國總統府戰略顧問|戰略顧問]]}}) to the President of the Republic of China in 2 terms, and then the permanent title as the Reviewer Member ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:中国国民党中央评议委员会|中評委]]}}) of the [[Central Committee]] of the [[ruling party]], [[Kuomintang]] ([[Chinese Nationalist Party]]) till his death on Feb. 28, 2016. His official funeral was proceeded with his coffin covered by the [[Flag of the Republic of China|National Flag]], the [[military salute]] of the top-ranked generals,<ref>{{cite web |last=Zhou|first=Li-hsing|title=趙萬富上將公祭 吳副總統頒授褒揚令 |url=https://n.yam.com/Article/20160330634114 |trans-title=Public Ceremony for General Zhao Wanfu with Vice President Wu Issuing the Commendation Order|publisher=Military News Agency|date=2016-03-30|language=zh-TW|location=Taipei}}</ref> and [[Vice-president]] [[Wu Den-yih]] presenting the Commendation Decree of [[President (government title)|President]] [[Ma Ying-jeou]], who praises Zhao's 50-year career in [[national security]] with so-called ''"[[loyalty]], [[diligence]], [[bravery]], [[Persistence (psychology)|perseverance]], [[intelligence]], [[wisdom]], [[insight]] and [[Effectiveness|proficiency]]"'' (''{{zh|labels=no|t=忠勤勇毅,才識閎通}}''), whereas ''"His [[virtue]] and [[Behavior|conducts]] have set a good example [[Role model|model]] for future generation to follow...."'' (''{{zh|labels=no|t=武德景行,貽範永式... 逾五十載攄忠護民,越半世紀衛國干城,崇勛盛業,青史聿昭}}'').<ref>{{cite web |author=President [[Ma Ying-jeou]] |url=https://www.president.gov.tw/Page/294/44607/ |title=華總二榮字第10500024700號|trans-title=Commendation Decree: Hua Zong 2 Rong No. 10500024700|publisher=[[Office of the President of the Republic of China]]|language=zh-TW|date=2016-03-25}}</ref> |
The superior officers received no official punishment, and recovered their military career after President Chiang suddenly died in January 1988.<ref>{{cite web |author=Guan Ren-jian |url=http://hanreporter.blogspot.ca/2013/07/blog-post_29.html |title=你不知道的國軍「潛規則」|trans-title=The Unspoken Army Rules You Don't Know |website=Digital Newspaper Network |date=July 29, 2013|language=zh-TW}}</ref> [[Chief of staff|Principal staff officer]], Major-general Fan Jai-yu ({{zh|labels=no|t=范宰予少將}}) was promoted to the commander of the 210 [[Heavy infantry|Heavy Infantry]] Division of [[Hualien County|Hualien]] Expansion in 1989, then further ranked to [[Lieutenant general|lieutenant-general]], commander of the [[Penghu]] Defense Command in 1994, and the Principal of the [[Fu Hsing Kang College|Political Warfare Cadres Academy]] in 1996; [[Division (military)|Division]] Commander, Major-general Gong Li was shifted to the Chief of Staff of the War College ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:國防大學 (中華民國)#戰爭學院|戰爭學院]]}}), [[National Defense University (Republic of China)|National Defense University]], then promoted to the deputy commander of the Huadong Defense Command ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:陸軍花東防衛指揮部|花東防衛司令部]]}}) in 1992, and the Civil Level-12 Director of [[Banqiao District]] House ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:榮譽國民之家|榮譽國民之家]]}}) of the [[Veterans Affairs Council]] in 2000; Kinmen Defense Commander Zhao was promoted to deputy chief commander [[Republic of China Army rank insignia|general]] of the [[Republic of China Army]] in 1989, and further to Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces]] in 1991; then appointed with honours as a strategy advisor ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:中華民國總統府戰略顧問|戰略顧問]]}}) to the President of the Republic of China in 2 terms, and then the permanent title as the Reviewer Member ({{zh|labels=no|t=[[:zh:中国国民党中央评议委员会|中評委]]}}) of the [[Central Committee]] of the [[ruling party]], [[Kuomintang]] ([[Chinese Nationalist Party]]) till his death on Feb. 28, 2016. His official funeral was proceeded with his coffin covered by the [[Flag of the Republic of China|National Flag]], the [[military salute]] of the top-ranked generals,<ref>{{cite web |last=Zhou|first=Li-hsing|title=趙萬富上將公祭 吳副總統頒授褒揚令 |url=https://n.yam.com/Article/20160330634114 |trans-title=Public Ceremony for General Zhao Wanfu with Vice President Wu Issuing the Commendation Order|publisher=Military News Agency|date=2016-03-30|language=zh-TW|location=Taipei}}</ref> and [[Vice-president]] [[Wu Den-yih]] presenting the Commendation Decree of [[President (government title)|President]] [[Ma Ying-jeou]], who praises Zhao's 50-year career in [[national security]] with so-called ''"[[loyalty]], [[diligence]], [[bravery]], [[Persistence (psychology)|perseverance]], [[intelligence]], [[wisdom]], [[insight]] and [[Effectiveness|proficiency]]"'' (''{{zh|labels=no|t=忠勤勇毅,才識閎通}}''), whereas ''"His [[virtue]] and [[Behavior|conducts]] have set a good example [[Role model|model]] for future generation to follow...."'' (''{{zh|labels=no|t=武德景行,貽範永式... 逾五十載攄忠護民,越半世紀衛國干城,崇勛盛業,青史聿昭}}'').<ref>{{cite web |author=President [[Ma Ying-jeou]] |url=https://www.president.gov.tw/Page/294/44607/ |title=華總二榮字第10500024700號|trans-title=Commendation Decree: Hua Zong 2 Rong No. 10500024700|publisher=[[Office of the President of the Republic of China]]|language=zh-TW|date=2016-03-25}}</ref> |
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The development of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces#Nuclear weapons program|nuclear weapons program]] was eventually exposed by Colonel [[Chang Hsien-yi]], deputy director of the [[Institute of Nuclear Energy Research]] at the [[National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology]] defecting to the United States in January, 1988.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sui|first=Cindy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39252502|title=The man who helped prevent a nuclear crisis|date=2017-05-18|work=BBC News|access-date= |
The development of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces#Nuclear weapons program|nuclear weapons program]] was eventually exposed by Colonel [[Chang Hsien-yi]], deputy director of the [[Institute of Nuclear Energy Research]] at the [[National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology]] defecting to the United States in January, 1988.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sui|first=Cindy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39252502|title=The man who helped prevent a nuclear crisis|date=2017-05-18|work=BBC News|access-date=17 April 2020 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Chen Yi-shen|title=張憲義:我沒有背叛台灣 我背叛的是郝柏村|trans-title=Chang Hsien-yi: I didn't betray Taiwan; I betrayed Hau Pei-tsun|url=http://www.storm.mg/article/208995|access-date=8 January 2017 |agency=Storm Media Group|date=2017-01-08|language=zh-TW}}</ref> Twenty years passed in May 2017, Major Liu Yu, the 1st Battalion Commander, accepted the interview of an military magazine to proclaim that they were executing the direct superior orders.<ref name="Liuyu">{{Cite web|title=大山頂營長的自辯書|trans-title=Self Defense Testimony of the Dashanding Battalion Commander |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2067870686713826&set=pcb.2067872486713646 |last=Liu|first=Yu|date=29 January 2022|access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=《兵器戰術圖解》}}</ref> Ten years later in January 2018, he was invited to re-visit the old post of South Lieyu Defense Team, and recalled on the beach that he "handled" over 100 corpses during total four years of assignments within 3 KDC terms, including the Donggang Incident.<ref>{{Cite web|title=小金門南山頭四營區開放 老營長、排長感性談往事|trans-title=Old Battalion Commander and Platoon Commander talk about the past in sensation as four Nanshantou camps are open to public |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20180123003323-260405?chdtv |last=Li|first=Jing-sheng|date=23 January 2018|access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=[[China Times]]|language=zh-TW|location=Lieyu}}</ref><ref name="Liuyu"/> On 19 July 2020, Instructor Colonel (Ret.) Liao Nianhan ({{zh|labels=no|t=廖念漢}}) of the [[Republic of China Military Academy|ROC Military Academy]] interviewed the WPN Company Commander, Captain Li Zhong-yan ({{zh|labels=no|t=李中焱}}) to re-affirm the official testimony that he found all the passengers had died after firing 2 M72 LAW shells in person, hence nobody out of the boat and no such thing as the following executions. Liao's article dignified the four convicteed schoolmates with ''"the ultimate sublime respect" ({{zh|labels=no|t=致上最崇高的敬意}})'' in comparison to the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] and [[Mỹ Lai massacre]]; however in January 2022, Capt. Li changed his statement in a cross-examination through [[Facebook]] online with the other veterans of 158 Division before the lunar new year, then confirmed the boat stranding site and the later execution occurance on two different locations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=觀點投書:與「斗內將軍」于北辰談金門「東崗慘案」|trans-title=<Reader's Opinion> Talk with General Yu Bei-chen about the Donggang Massacre in Kinmen |url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2858119?mode=whole |last=Liao|first=Nianhan |date=19 July 2020|access-date=20 February 2022 |via=Storm Media|language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref name="Chang"/> |
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Over 100 years after its establishment in 1911, the Republic of China still doesn't have the [[Refugee Law]] to regulate the political asylum process in accordance with the international laws today,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pnn.pts.org.tw/project/inpage/2077|title=敘利亞庫德族在台灣島上的困境|trans-title=The Plight of Syrian Kurds on Taiwan Island|author=Chiu Yi-ling, Wang Hsi|date=21 March 2019|publisher=News Center, [[Public Television Service]]|access-date= |
Over 100 years after its establishment in 1911, the Republic of China still doesn't have the [[Refugee Law]] to regulate the political asylum process in accordance with the international laws today,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pnn.pts.org.tw/project/inpage/2077|title=敘利亞庫德族在台灣島上的困境|trans-title=The Plight of Syrian Kurds on Taiwan Island|author=Chiu Yi-ling, Wang Hsi|date=21 March 2019|publisher=News Center, [[Public Television Service]]|access-date=17 August 2020 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-49576730 |title=黃之鋒訪台 台灣對訂立難民法及政治庇護仍持保留態度 |trans-title=Taiwan still Retain the Reserve Attitude from Enacting the Refugee Law and the Asylum Policy upon Joshua Wong's visit|author=[[BBC News]] |access-date=13 May 2021 |date=4 September 2019|language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=協助接納阿富汗難民?外交部:我國尚未制定「難民法」 會在能力範圍內提供援助|trans-title= Will we Assisting in accepting Afghan refugees? Ministry of Foreign Affairs: "ROC has not enacted the <Refugee Law> yet, but will provide the support within our capability" |url=https://tw.appledaily.com/politics/20210826/PNM4Q3KOZJGNJC5HMUQJTWUK4I/ |date=26 August 2021|access-date=12 October 2021 |work=[[Apple Daily (Taiwan)]]|language=zh-tw|location=Taipei}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Liu De-hsun|title=我應積極推動「難民法」立法 落實人權立國理念|trans-title=We Should Promote the Refugee Law Legislation to Implement National Concept of Human Rights|url=http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=68201&ctNode=5645&mp=2|agency=[[Mainland Affairs Council]], Legislative Yuan|date=22 January 2008|language=zh-TW|location=Taipei}}</ref> not to mention that the Government has never rendered an [[Remorse|apology]] nor any legal [[Financial compensation|compensation]] to the victim families or the victim country.<ref name="IVOD">{{Cite web|title=會議隨選 |url=https://ivod.ly.gov.tw/Play/VOD/108535/300K |author=外交及國防委員會 |date=3 October 2018|access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=立法院議事轉播IVOD網路多媒體隨選視訊系統 |location=Taipei |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref name="ICI">{{Cite web|title=立法院公報第107卷第81期委員會紀錄立法院第9屆第6會期外交及國防委員會第3次全體委員會議紀錄 |url=https://lci.ly.gov.tw/LyLCEW/communique1/final/pdf//107/81/LCIDC01_1078101_00006.pdf |author=林昶佐委員、嚴德發部長 |date=3 October 2018|access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=立法院公報第107卷第81期 |language=zh-tw |location=Taipei}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=台灣國際新頁:推動「國際人權五法」立法|trans-title=A New Page of Taiwan: Promoting the Legislation of Five International Human Rights Law|url=http://www.taiwanncf.org.tw/ttforum/49/49-18.pdf|author=[[:zh:朱婉琪|Theresa Chu]]|publisher=Taiwan New Century Foundation|date=30 March 2010|language=zh-TW}}</ref> On 3 October 2018, former director of the [[:zh:國際特赦組織臺灣分會|Amnesty International Taiwan]], Parliament Member [[Freddy Lim]] of the [[New Power Party]], inquired in a hearing session at the [[:zh:立法院外交及國防委員會|Foreign and National Defense Committee of the Legislative Yuan]] to examine the victims’ files in the military archives in order to express an apology to their families through the [[Vietnam Economic and Culture Office in Taipei|Vietnamese Representative Office]] ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: Văn phòng Kinh tế Văn hoá Việt Nam), but [[Ministry of National Defense (Republic_of_China)#List of Ministers of National Defence|Minister of National Defence]], General [[Yen Teh-fa]] disagreed: ''"The troops were following the [[Standard operating procedure|SOP]] rules of the Martial Law period to execute (the orders), though it might look like having some issues nowadays; also, they have been court-martialed..."'' later MND followed up in reply: ''"It has been too difficult to identify the deceased due to the long time, so (the case) can not be processed further."''<ref name="IVOD" /><ref name="ICI" /><ref name="Chenwu" /> |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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* '''Hushen''' ({{zh|labels=no|t=胡神}}): The 2019 novel by the retired school principle, Tian-lu Jian ({{zh|labels=no|t=姜天陸}}) analyzes the first scene situation in respect to the humanity concern with his personal experience of service time in Lieyu tunnels, and won the 16th Kinmen Literature Award.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Tian-lu |last=Jian |title=胡神: 浯島文學獎小說組首獎作品輯. 2019第16屆 |trans-title=Collection of Hushen works: First Prize in the Novel Category of the Wudao Literature Award |url=http://isbn.ncl.edu.tw/NEW_ISBNNet/main_DisplayRecord_Popup.php?&Pact=view&Pkey=1090706*0150&KeepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&width=780&height=480 |year=2020|isbn= 9789865428525|access-date=2021 |
* '''Hushen''' ({{zh|labels=no|t=胡神}}): The 2019 novel by the retired school principle, Tian-lu Jian ({{zh|labels=no|t=姜天陸}}) analyzes the first scene situation in respect to the humanity concern with his personal experience of service time in Lieyu tunnels, and won the 16th Kinmen Literature Award.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Tian-lu |last=Jian |title=胡神: 浯島文學獎小說組首獎作品輯. 2019第16屆 |trans-title=Collection of Hushen works: First Prize in the Novel Category of the Wudao Literature Award |url=http://isbn.ncl.edu.tw/NEW_ISBNNet/main_DisplayRecord_Popup.php?&Pact=view&Pkey=1090706*0150&KeepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&width=780&height=480 |year=2020|isbn= 9789865428525|access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Cultural Affairs Bureau of Kinmen County|work=[[National Central Library]], ISBN Agency in Taiwan |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref name="Wudao" /> |
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* '''The Burning Island''' ({{zh|labels=no|t=戰地殺人}}, "Battleground Massacre"): The 2020 film in production by Hsien-Jer Chu ({{zh|labels=no|t=朱賢哲}}), former member of the 319 Heavy Infantry Division in the [[:zh:陸軍金門防衛指揮部金門守備大隊|Kinmen East]] region where similar shooting incidents had occurred earlier, interpreted the history as a mirror to reflect the [[universal value]] and won the top prize of 42nd Selection of Excellent Screenplays.<ref>{{Cite web|title=第42屆優良電影劇本獎獲獎名單揭曉 入圍作品題材多元競爭激烈 |trans-title=Winner List of the 42nd Excellent Screenplay Awards Is Announced with Fierce Competition among the Diversified Topics of Shortlisted Works |url=https://www.bamid.gov.tw/information_142_116753.html |author=[[Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development]] |date=25 August 2020|access-date=2021 |
* '''The Burning Island''' ({{zh|labels=no|t=戰地殺人}}, "Battleground Massacre"): The 2020 film in production by Hsien-Jer Chu ({{zh|labels=no|t=朱賢哲}}), former member of the 319 Heavy Infantry Division in the [[:zh:陸軍金門防衛指揮部金門守備大隊|Kinmen East]] region where similar shooting incidents had occurred earlier, interpreted the history as a mirror to reflect the [[universal value]] and won the top prize of 42nd Selection of Excellent Screenplays.<ref>{{Cite web|title=第42屆優良電影劇本獎獲獎名單揭曉 入圍作品題材多元競爭激烈 |trans-title=Winner List of the 42nd Excellent Screenplay Awards Is Announced with Fierce Competition among the Diversified Topics of Shortlisted Works |url=https://www.bamid.gov.tw/information_142_116753.html |author=[[Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development]] |date=25 August 2020|access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=[[Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)|ROC Ministry of Culture]] |language=zh-tw |location=Taipei}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=入圍10次…等25年終於得獎!42屆優良劇本首獎得主:我騷擾了身邊所有人!|trans-title=Finally Won the Prize After Shortlisting 10 Times in 25 Years! The Winner of the Top Prize of 42nd Selection of Excellent Screenplays: "I Provoked Everyone!" |url=https://star.ettoday.net/news/1791060 |author=傅家妤 |date=22 August 2020 |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=[[Eastern Broadcasting Company|ETtoday]] News |language=zh-tw |location=Taipei}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=戰地殺人|trans-title=Battleground Massacre |url=https://movie.douban.com/subject/30359463/ |date=2018 |access-date=12 September 2021 |publisher=[[Douban]]|language=zh-cn}}</ref> |
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* '''Lao Di''' ({{zh|labels=no|t=老翟}}): The 2021 short screenplay by Colonel Yi-ching Zhou ({{zh|labels=no|t=周宜慶}}) of the [[Political warfare#Taiwan|Political Warfare]] trade modified this case as the [[misconduct]] by a [[Military reserve force#Reserve officers|conscription reserve officer]], the [[platoon leader]] in [[second lieutenant]] rank, who volunteered to take the frontline assignment, but ended in covering up with a [[Senior master sergeant]]'s help; Zhou received the top prize of the 55th annual military literature award from the Minister of National Defense, General [[Chiu Kuo-cheng]] in person; However the only conscription officer at scene with the civilian university background led the reserve platoon of 2nd Company from Yang Tsuo arrived at the outskirt later without participating the massacre, and the referred veteran SMSgt had retired, hence no longer available in 1B. Above all, ROC conscription system distributed personnel by random [[sortition]] and superior [[selection]] after the basic training completed, never with the option to volunteer or choose assignment then.<ref>{{Cite web|title=【國軍第55屆文藝金像獎】多元創作宣揚國軍守護家園信念|trans-title=« 55th ROCAF Literature Awards » Diversified Creativity Promotes the Faith of Republic of China Armed Forces in Protecting the Homeland |url=https://www.ydn.com.tw/news/newsInsidePage?chapterID=1465202 |author=Luo Yi-ting |date=29 November 2021 |access-date=2022 |
* '''Lao Di''' ({{zh|labels=no|t=老翟}}): The 2021 short screenplay by Colonel Yi-ching Zhou ({{zh|labels=no|t=周宜慶}}) of the [[Political warfare#Taiwan|Political Warfare]] trade modified this case as the [[misconduct]] by a [[Military reserve force#Reserve officers|conscription reserve officer]], the [[platoon leader]] in [[second lieutenant]] rank, who volunteered to take the frontline assignment, but ended in covering up with a [[Senior master sergeant]]'s help; Zhou received the top prize of the 55th annual military literature award from the Minister of National Defense, General [[Chiu Kuo-cheng]] in person; However the only conscription officer at scene with the civilian university background led the reserve platoon of 2nd Company from Yang Tsuo arrived at the outskirt later without participating the massacre, and the referred veteran SMSgt had retired, hence no longer available in 1B. Above all, ROC conscription system distributed personnel by random [[sortition]] and superior [[selection]] after the basic training completed, never with the option to volunteer or choose assignment then.<ref>{{Cite web|title=【國軍第55屆文藝金像獎】多元創作宣揚國軍守護家園信念|trans-title=« 55th ROCAF Literature Awards » Diversified Creativity Promotes the Faith of Republic of China Armed Forces in Protecting the Homeland |url=https://www.ydn.com.tw/news/newsInsidePage?chapterID=1465202 |author=Luo Yi-ting |date=29 November 2021 |access-date=8 February 2022 |publisher=[[Youth Daily News]]|language=zh-TW|location=Taipei}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=『國防小尖兵』-節目預吿|trans-title=Military Education Broadcast Preview |url=https://www.facebook.com/voiceofhan/photos/a.207153662633531/5380937735255072/ |date=19 January 2022|access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=[[Voice of Han]]|language=zh-TW|location=Taipei}}</ref>。 |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 17:01, 7 March 2022
1987 Lieyu massacre | |
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Part of Cold War | |
Location | Donggang, Lieyu Township, Kinmen County, Fujian Province, Republic of China |
Coordinates | 24°24′54″N 118°14′21″E / 24.41500°N 118.23917°E |
Date | March 7, 1987 | – March 8, 1987 (UTC + 8)
Target | Vietnamese boat people[1] |
Attack type | Massacre |
Deaths | 19 (+) |
Perpetrators | 158 Heavy Infantry Division, Kinmen Defense Command (金門防衛司令部), Republic of China Army |
Motive | 3: Order of taking no surrender, 16 (?): Eliminating witnesses[2][3] |
External image | |
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Declassified KDC nuclear cannon strike plan covers Xiamen City & international Port of Economy Zone Distance: 10 km, Effective Radius: 8 km, Population: 1.06 million |
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Last seen disoriented boat trail mark |
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Dashanding Hill & Donggang Bay |
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Fishery port (bottom-left), first scene (center) & second scene (mid-left) have been demolished; landform changed |
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Gen. Hau’s Diary (May 20 – Oct. 1) |
1987 Lieyu massacre | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 烈嶼屠殺事件 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 烈屿屠杀事件 | ||||||
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March 7 Incident | |||||||
Chinese | 三七事件 | ||||||
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Donggang Incident | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 東崗事件 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 东岗事件 | ||||||
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Donggang Horrible Incident | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 東崗慘案 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 东岗惨案 | ||||||
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History of the Republic of China |
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Taiwan portal |
The 1987 Lieyu massacre, also known as the March 7 Incident, Donggang Incident or Donggang Massacre, occurred on 7 March 1987 at Donggang Bay, Lieyu Island ("Lesser Kinmen" or "Little Quemoy"), Kinmen, Fujian, Republic of China. According to the diary of Superior-general Hau Pei-tsun, nineteen unarmed Vietnamese boat people were killed by the ROC military. There may have been more than nineteen deaths, containing several families of ethnical Chinese speaking minority.[4][1]
Background
The 1987 Lieyu massacre was preceded by an incident where a young couple from mainland China swam to Dadan Island seeking asylum in late 1984. At that time, all the islets of the Kinmen Archipelago were considered as war zones under Martial Law, which was to allow Taiwan to prevent an attack by the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China.[5] The commanding major-general of the Dadan Defense Team (大膽守備隊), Premier Deputy Division Commander of the 158 Lieyu Division (烈嶼師), received the couple and escorted them to the superior Kinmen Defense Command (金防部) on the Field army level, but was immediately relieved of his post by the Commander General Song Hsin-lian (宋心濂上將) for violating the directive to "Accept no surrender in the war zone".[6]
As a result, the commander of the neighboring Erdan Island (二膽守備隊), Deputy Brigade Commander of the 473 Brigade, lieutenant-colonel Zhong, summoned all the soldiers to reiterate the order that "Whoever lands on the island must be executed without exception." Soon after this statement, he was exceptionally promoted to the position of 472 Nantang Brigade Commander (南塘旅), taking charge of all the units in the South Lieyu Defense Team (烈嶼南守備隊), whereas General Song was promoted as the director of National Security Bureau back to Taipei in December 1985.
It is alleged that a minimized nuclear test succeeded at the Jioupeng military field in Pingtung in 1986 after nearly 20 years of research and simulation testing, which was recorded on the US satellite image and questioned later by the director of American Institute in Taiwan, David Dean, in 1988 according to General Hau's Diary.[7][8][9][10]
In August 1986, the new Kinmen Defense Commander, General Zhao Wan-fu (趙萬富上將; Zhào Wànfù)[11] instructed the 158 Division Commander, Major-general Gong Li (龔力少將) to construct two propaganda walls – one on Dadan, the other on Erdan – with the slogan proclaiming "Three Principles of the People Unify China" facing the international seaway of Xiamen Bay,[12] whereas Xi Jinping (CCP general secretary since 2012) was the Deputy Mayor of Xiamen City.[13]
At noon on 28 February 1987, one week before the Lieyu massacre, a local Chinese fishing boat crossed Xiamen Bay. It was intensely fired upon until it caught fire near Dadan. The fishermen on board waved a white cloth in an attempt to communicate their surrender. However, the boat was sunk by tank gun shots ordered by the new Dadan commander, Major-general Chien Yi-hu (錢奕虎少將) after receiving the approval of General Zhao.[14] There was only one survivor, who swam to cling onto a rock nearby, but who was eventually lost to the rising tides.[15] Two accounts claimed the incident occurring at 09:00, January 29 on Lunar New Year.[16][17]
Massacre
In the morning of 7 March 1987, a boat carrying Vietnamese refugees who had been rejected in Hong Kong earlier arrived in Kinmen requesting political asylum. Kinmen Defense Commander, General Zhao rejected the request, and ordered a patrol boat of the Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion (ARB-101, 海龍蛙兵) to tow away the boat from the shore with a warning not to return. However, for reasons unclear, the information about the boat's presence in the Southern sea was never forwarded to the front line of the coastal defense units, including those in the Lieyu island.
As a seasonal heavy fog appeared on the coast and gradually turned clear in the afternoon, the Vietnamese boat was sighted by an infantry post off the south shore at 16:37, where it had been too close and too late to apply for the indirect fire support by artillery intervention. The local 1st Dashanding Infantry Battalion (大山頂營) Commander Major Liu, the 472 Brigade Commander Colonel Zhong and the 158 Division G3 Chief Operation Officer (參三科科長), Colonel Han Jing-yue (韓敬越), arrived at the scene with staff officers.[18] The 629 Light Artillery Battalion which happened to be taking a field drill practice in the ancient airport on the northeastern beachfront turned around to launch one single star shell lighting up the background horizon sky, but found no invasion force approaching; meanwhile warning shots, followed by expelling shots were fired in sequence as per the procedure steps of Army Rule of Engagement with T57 rifles, .30 Caliber and .50 Caliber machine guns in short range by about 100 infantrymen from the reserve platoons of three companies while another one coming in.
The Vietnamese boat was stranded on the sand beach south-west of Donggang (Dōnggāng) Fishery Port (Fort L-05), a sensitive strategic point in front of the mobile positions of M40 recoilless rifles and M30 mortars with the communication transit station nicknamed "04" (homonym to 'You die' in Chinese pronunciation) on hill with a 30-degree angle of blind corner on radar screen by the steep landform in front of the classified 240 mm howitzer M1 (aka. "Black Dragon" or "Nuclear Cannon") rail-gun positions of Kinmen Defense Command, and the 155/105 mm artillery battalions of 158 Division.[19][20][21] It was hit by crossfire from L-05, L-06 and Fort Fuxing Islet of the 2nd Battalion, plus two M72 LAW (Light Anti-Tank Weapon) rounds by the WPN Company in reinforcement. Armor-piercing shells penetrated through the sky-blue wooden hull without detonation. Three unarmed Vietnamese men jumped off the boat, raised their hands, and pled in Chinese, "Don't shoot...!" but were all shot dead instantly.[4]
The local 3rd Dongang Company (東崗連) Commander, Captain Zhang, received the order from the brigade commander to dispatch a search team boarding the boat. Two hand grenades were thrown into the boat, then found that all the passengers were Vietnamese refugees with no weapon on board. The passengers said that the vessel had experienced a mechanical failure. Because of the heavy fog, the strong seasonal currents and the rising tide since late afternoon, the boat drifted into the open bay. The surviving passengers and the bodies of the dead were taken out of the boat and placed on the beach, with neither first aid nor any life support supply rendered. Followed by intense telecommunication with the Division Headquarter (DHQ), the commanders at the scene received orders from their superiors – alleged directly by Commander General Zhao – to execute the passengers to eliminate all the eyewitnesses. Some received multiple shots when the first bullet had not killed them. Among the bodies piled were elderly people, men, women, one pregnant woman, children, and a baby in a sweater.[22][23]
The last words of the pregnant woman before being executed by .45 Caliber handgun shots with two other women were in English: "...Help me...Help my baby...My baby seven months...", then the battalion operation officer made joke on her dead body and have never shown any remorse during the annual reunions with lunches in the later years. A senior lady being pulled out of the boat cabin presented six gold bars and one bag of US bills and Hong Kong notes begging for mercy, which were submitted to the Brigade HQ after her execution but somehow disappeared, since these items were never enumerated in the KDC Incident Report.[24][25]
In the morning 09:00 of 8 March 1987, the Medical Platoon of the Battalion Headquarter (BHQ) Company was called in to bury all the bodies at the beach. The platoon members were ordered to execute any surviving refugees. The wounded were buried alive, and those who were still moving or crying were dictated to be killed by military shovels.[26] The entire boat was also instructed to be burned down aside from the only 3-blade propeller non-flammable to gasoline, then all buried in sand to destroy all the evidence right away. The last victim, a young boy being hidden underneath a board cell was also found and executed by order without exception.[27] The guarding sergeant of the BHQ company overnight counted the bodies as more than nineteen.[28]
The Ammunition Specialist of the 3rd Company collected the following major consumption reports (not including the other companies and the Fuxing Islet of 2nd Battalion): 320 M60 machine gun shots, 162 T57 rifle shots, 21 T75 Mortar shells (above mainly during the warning and expelling usages), 36 M1911 pistol shots (mainly for execution), 2 grenades not detonated, 6 M20 Bazooka shells (2 of them not working), plus 2 M72 LAW shells not detonated.[29]
Since some medics defied the direct order of victim execution, brigade commander Zhong instructed the Nantang Brigade Headquarter (RHQ) Company commander captain leading 1/3 soldiers to take over the Battalion headquarter and the BHQ company as the emergency measure to maintain order. Later that day, a real fishing boat from China approached the coast attempting to check out what happened. It was also shot to destroy, and sunk in the open sea with 4 confirmed kills to ensure that nobody survived – an event which some veterans later called the "March 8 Incident".[30]
Revelation
The native store owner heard the crying of refugees overnight and made a phone call to inform the National Assembly member, Huang Chao-hui in Kaohsiung, but the contact was soon lost. At the time, all civilian and public long-distance phone calls were being routinely monitored by the Communication Supervision Section of Kinmen Defense Command.[31] Nevertheless, the bodies were not buried deeply at the first scene. Influenced by tidal seawater and high temperatures, the bodies soon began to decompose and were dug out by wild dogs from the landfill (小金垃圾場) on the back side of the western hill, and were later reburied collectively in 3 mounds as the second scene on the higher ground next to the tree line. This task was performed by the 1st Company, who had just resumed their posts after winning the annual Army Physical and Combat Competitions in Taiwan.[32] Accounts of ghost sightings prompted villagers to hold religious ceremonies, (and a tiny shrine was built by soldiers for the same reason on the beach next year as well) making it all the more difficult to prevent the spreading of information about the incident.[33][21] Nonetheless, both scenes along with 04 Station, L-05 Fort, Donggang Port and even the breakwater bank were all demolished in recent years.
In early May 1987, British Hong Kong newspapers first reported that the refugee boat went missing after leaving the port along the coast for Kinmen, Taiwan.[4][34] Informed by the overseas office, higher officials questioned the Kinmen Defense Command but got no concrete response; instead, the Command swapped this coast defense battalion from the front line with another reserve battalion in the training base in urgency in order to strengthen the personnel control and communication restriction to prevent further leaking news, and their unit designation codes were also shifted for the following 2 years to confuse outsiders. Twice of "extra bonus" cash summing up to half a month of a captain's salary, $6,000 were also abnormally awarded to the company commanders against the government regulation and ethics on the eve of Dragon boat festival.[35] Until the end of May, recently discharged conscript soldiers from Kinmen began to arrive in Taiwan Proper by the term schedule and finally were able to appeal to the newly founded opposition party, Democratic Progressive Party. The information of the massacre started to spread in Taiwan.[36]
Ten weeks after the massacre, the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Chiang Ching-kuo, reacted to concealment by the 158 Division and the Kinmen Defense Command. General Zhao Wan-fu, said he was unaware of the event. While being questioned by the Chief of the General Staff (參謀總長), Superior-general Hau Pei-tsun on 20 May, General Zhao still lied: "It was just a couple of 'Communist soldiers' (referring to the penetration of People's Liberation Army) being shot in the water", but Zhao's statement was obviously unbelievable. Then Superior-general Hau ordered to move the corpses from the beach to a remote hidden slope in front of Fort L-03 (East Cape) on the right, filled with cement and built a concrete training wall on top of it as the military property to prevent any future investigation. The corpses remain sealed in the final place of the third scene with no mark today.[37]
The witness soldiers at scene were summoned for political education 3 times to collude with the fake testimony in uniform for investigation,[24] and were listed to sign the oath by order before departure to maintain silence to guard in secret for life.[38][39] As a key witness at the DHQ Situation Room (師部戰情室) when the massacre occurred for the investigation by the end of May, the Chief Intelligence Officer of 158 Division G2 (參二科科長), Lieutenant-colonel Xu Lai (徐萊中校), mysteriously disappeared after a supervision task over a company-level night patrol and checkpoints, same to another non-commissioned officer at post within a week. Their bodies were never found.[40]
On 5 June 1987, Independence Evening Post was the first Taiwanese newspaper reporting the massacre with the formal questioning by the newly elected Parliament Member (and future First Lady) Wu Shu-chen, along with PM Chang Chun-hsiung and PM Kang Ning-hsiang from the Democratic Progressive Party to the Ministry of National Defense during the general assembly of Legislative Yuan. Her questions were repeatedly denied by the Military Spokesman, Major-general Zhang Hui Yuan (張慧元少將), who accused the Congresswoman, Mme. Wu of "sabotaging the national reputation", and claimed it was actually "a Chinese fishing boat being sunk in the sea after ignoring the warnings".[41] The uniformed propaganda was broadcast in the evening news on all public TV channels that night, and since next morning on 6 June, all local newspapers received the government instructions to publicize the press release of the Central News Agency originated from the Military News Agency (軍聞社). With the advocacy of Formosan Association for Public Affairs, the United States House of Representatives hence passed the "Taiwan Democracy Resolution" (H.R.1777) on 17 June, calling on the ROC government to end the Martial Law ruling, lift the ban on political parties, accelerate the realization of democracy including the protection of freedom of speech and assembly, and reform the parliament election system for the legitimacy of government; the United States Senate passed the same resolution in December.[42]
The case was classified as military secret ever since for 20 years to prevent any further leaking information or the prosecution will apply.[43] The following media reports were censored and the publication were banned by the Nationalist government. Eventually when the police broke into the Freedom Era Weekly (自由時代周刊, which had publicized the case interviews and editorials before) magazine office for arrest with another count of Treason charge in April, 1989, editor-in-chief, Cheng Nan-jung set himself on fire then died in blaze to protest for the freedom of speech. Military journalist Zhang You-hua (張友驊) of Independence Evening Post on the other hand was sentenced to 1 year and 7 months with a probation period of 3 years in November 1991.[44]
The official cover-up story of the Chinese fishing boat sunk by one shell of bombardment applied to the public for 13 years, until being uncovered by the publication of «8-year Diary of the Chief of the General Staff (1981-1989)» (八年參謀總長日記) by Superior-general Hau in 2000.[45] The Government of the Republic of China has made no comment thereafter.
Aftermath
After the scandal was exposed, President Chiang Ching-kuo received a letter from Amnesty International expressing humanitarian concern, and assigned the Chief of General Staff, Superior-general Hau, to investigate this case. The Minister of National Defense, Cheng Wei-yuan also arrived in Kinmen, who dispatched a special envoy of the Political Warfare Bureau to conduct the field investigation with excavation discovering the civilian cadavers and eventually solved the criminal case on 23 May. On 28 May, the Military Police began to detain over 30 officers back to Taiwan to court-martial, including the commanders, corresponding political officers and related staff officers along the 5 levels on the chain of command, whereas 45 officers received the administrative sanction of dishonored transfer.[46] Later on 14 July, Minister Cheng also endorsed the historical decree of President Chiang to end the notorious 38-year-long Martial law ruling period (1948–1987) in Taiwan,[47] except the War Zone Administration (戰地政務) on the frontier regions including Kinmen and Matsu Islands remained under the military governing till 7 November 1992.[48][49] President Chiang further lifted the ban on the divided family members across the Strait to visit their families in China by allowing transfer through a third place, such as Hong Kong, Okinawa or Tokyo, on 2, November.[50]
In October 1987, Brigade Commander Zhong was sentenced to 1 year and 10 months for abetting murders; Battalion Commander Major Liu was sentenced to 1 year and 10 months for being an accomplice to serial murders; WPN and 3rd Company commanders, Captain Li and Captain Zhang, both were sentenced to 1 year and 8 months for serial murders – but all the sentences were commuted with a probation period of 3 years, therefore none of the convicted field commanders was required to spend one day in the prison though under heavy pressure from the international society and media later, they stayed in rank with posts suspended to continue service without pay until the end of term before relocating to training officer positions; Brigade Commander Zhong took a senior lead colonel position in a military academy, Army Communication, Electronics and Information School. Their later regular retirement and pension plans were not affected.
The superior officers received no official punishment, and recovered their military career after President Chiang suddenly died in January 1988.[51] Principal staff officer, Major-general Fan Jai-yu (范宰予少將) was promoted to the commander of the 210 Heavy Infantry Division of Hualien Expansion in 1989, then further ranked to lieutenant-general, commander of the Penghu Defense Command in 1994, and the Principal of the Political Warfare Cadres Academy in 1996; Division Commander, Major-general Gong Li was shifted to the Chief of Staff of the War College (戰爭學院), National Defense University, then promoted to the deputy commander of the Huadong Defense Command (花東防衛司令部) in 1992, and the Civil Level-12 Director of Banqiao District House (榮譽國民之家) of the Veterans Affairs Council in 2000; Kinmen Defense Commander Zhao was promoted to deputy chief commander general of the Republic of China Army in 1989, and further to Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces in 1991; then appointed with honours as a strategy advisor (戰略顧問) to the President of the Republic of China in 2 terms, and then the permanent title as the Reviewer Member (中評委) of the Central Committee of the ruling party, Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) till his death on Feb. 28, 2016. His official funeral was proceeded with his coffin covered by the National Flag, the military salute of the top-ranked generals,[52] and Vice-president Wu Den-yih presenting the Commendation Decree of President Ma Ying-jeou, who praises Zhao's 50-year career in national security with so-called "loyalty, diligence, bravery, perseverance, intelligence, wisdom, insight and proficiency" (忠勤勇毅,才識閎通), whereas "His virtue and conducts have set a good example model for future generation to follow...." (武德景行,貽範永式... 逾五十載攄忠護民,越半世紀衛國干城,崇勛盛業,青史聿昭).[53]
The development of the nuclear weapons program was eventually exposed by Colonel Chang Hsien-yi, deputy director of the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research at the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology defecting to the United States in January, 1988.[54][55] Twenty years passed in May 2017, Major Liu Yu, the 1st Battalion Commander, accepted the interview of an military magazine to proclaim that they were executing the direct superior orders.[27] Ten years later in January 2018, he was invited to re-visit the old post of South Lieyu Defense Team, and recalled on the beach that he "handled" over 100 corpses during total four years of assignments within 3 KDC terms, including the Donggang Incident.[56][27] On 19 July 2020, Instructor Colonel (Ret.) Liao Nianhan (廖念漢) of the ROC Military Academy interviewed the WPN Company Commander, Captain Li Zhong-yan (李中焱) to re-affirm the official testimony that he found all the passengers had died after firing 2 M72 LAW shells in person, hence nobody out of the boat and no such thing as the following executions. Liao's article dignified the four convicteed schoolmates with "the ultimate sublime respect" (致上最崇高的敬意) in comparison to the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Mỹ Lai massacre; however in January 2022, Capt. Li changed his statement in a cross-examination through Facebook online with the other veterans of 158 Division before the lunar new year, then confirmed the boat stranding site and the later execution occurance on two different locations.[57][24]
Over 100 years after its establishment in 1911, the Republic of China still doesn't have the Refugee Law to regulate the political asylum process in accordance with the international laws today,[58][59][60][61] not to mention that the Government has never rendered an apology nor any legal compensation to the victim families or the victim country.[62][63][64] On 3 October 2018, former director of the Amnesty International Taiwan, Parliament Member Freddy Lim of the New Power Party, inquired in a hearing session at the Foreign and National Defense Committee of the Legislative Yuan to examine the victims’ files in the military archives in order to express an apology to their families through the Vietnamese Representative Office (Vietnamese: Văn phòng Kinh tế Văn hoá Việt Nam), but Minister of National Defence, General Yen Teh-fa disagreed: "The troops were following the SOP rules of the Martial Law period to execute (the orders), though it might look like having some issues nowadays; also, they have been court-martialed..." later MND followed up in reply: "It has been too difficult to identify the deceased due to the long time, so (the case) can not be processed further."[62][63][1]
Legacy
- Hushen (胡神): The 2019 novel by the retired school principle, Tian-lu Jian (姜天陸) analyzes the first scene situation in respect to the humanity concern with his personal experience of service time in Lieyu tunnels, and won the 16th Kinmen Literature Award.[65][6]
- The Burning Island (戰地殺人, "Battleground Massacre"): The 2020 film in production by Hsien-Jer Chu (朱賢哲), former member of the 319 Heavy Infantry Division in the Kinmen East region where similar shooting incidents had occurred earlier, interpreted the history as a mirror to reflect the universal value and won the top prize of 42nd Selection of Excellent Screenplays.[66][67][68]
- Lao Di (老翟): The 2021 short screenplay by Colonel Yi-ching Zhou (周宜慶) of the Political Warfare trade modified this case as the misconduct by a conscription reserve officer, the platoon leader in second lieutenant rank, who volunteered to take the frontline assignment, but ended in covering up with a Senior master sergeant's help; Zhou received the top prize of the 55th annual military literature award from the Minister of National Defense, General Chiu Kuo-cheng in person; However the only conscription officer at scene with the civilian university background led the reserve platoon of 2nd Company from Yang Tsuo arrived at the outskirt later without participating the massacre, and the referred veteran SMSgt had retired, hence no longer available in 1B. Above all, ROC conscription system distributed personnel by random sortition and superior selection after the basic training completed, never with the option to volunteer or choose assignment then.[69][70]。
See also
- February 28 incident
- July 13 Penghu incident
- Capture of Tanker Tuapse
- Kashmir Princess
- Ting Yao-tiao
- Lei Chen
- Bo Yang
- Lin Yi-hsiung
- Chen Wen-chen
- Henry Liu
- China Airlines Flight 334
- Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
- Min Ping Yu No. 5202
- Death of Hung Chung-chiu
- Hsiung Feng III missile mishap
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- ^ Liu De-hsun (22 January 2008). "我應積極推動「難民法」立法 落實人權立國理念" [We Should Promote the Refugee Law Legislation to Implement National Concept of Human Rights] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei. Mainland Affairs Council, Legislative Yuan.
- ^ a b 外交及國防委員會 (3 October 2018). "會議隨選" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: 立法院議事轉播IVOD網路多媒體隨選視訊系統. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ a b 林昶佐委員、嚴德發部長 (3 October 2018). "立法院公報第107卷第81期委員會紀錄立法院第9屆第6會期外交及國防委員會第3次全體委員會議紀錄" (PDF) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: 立法院公報第107卷第81期. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ Theresa Chu [in Chinese] (30 March 2010). "台灣國際新頁:推動「國際人權五法」立法" [A New Page of Taiwan: Promoting the Legislation of Five International Human Rights Law] (PDF) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taiwan New Century Foundation.
- ^ Jian, Tian-lu (2020). 胡神: 浯島文學獎小說組首獎作品輯. 2019第16屆 [Collection of Hushen works: First Prize in the Novel Category of the Wudao Literature Award] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Cultural Affairs Bureau of Kinmen County. ISBN 9789865428525. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
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ignored (help) - ^ Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development (25 August 2020). "第42屆優良電影劇本獎獲獎名單揭曉 入圍作品題材多元競爭激烈" [Winner List of the 42nd Excellent Screenplay Awards Is Announced with Fierce Competition among the Diversified Topics of Shortlisted Works] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: ROC Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ 傅家妤 (22 August 2020). "入圍10次…等25年終於得獎!42屆優良劇本首獎得主:我騷擾了身邊所有人!" [Finally Won the Prize After Shortlisting 10 Times in 25 Years! The Winner of the Top Prize of 42nd Selection of Excellent Screenplays: "I Provoked Everyone!"] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: ETtoday News. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ "戰地殺人" [Battleground Massacre] (in Chinese (China)). Douban. 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
- ^ Luo Yi-ting (29 November 2021). "【國軍第55屆文藝金像獎】多元創作宣揚國軍守護家園信念" [« 55th ROCAF Literature Awards » Diversified Creativity Promotes the Faith of Republic of China Armed Forces in Protecting the Homeland] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Youth Daily News. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ "『國防小尖兵』-節目預吿" [Military Education Broadcast Preview] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Voice of Han. 19 January 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
Further reading
- Zheng Jing; Cheng Nan-jung; Ye Xiangzhi; Xu Manqing (13 June 1987). 金門守軍殺人事件 [Shocking inside story of the Kinmen Military Murder Case]. Freedom Era Weekly, Ver 175-176.(in Chinese)
- Hau, Pei-tsun (1 January 2000). 八年參謀總長日記 [8-year Diary of the Chief of the General Staff (1981–1989)]. Commonwealth Publishing. ISBN 9576216389.(in Chinese)
- Liu, Wen-xiao (20 May 2007). 兵器戰術圖解第 32-38 期:小金門東崗慘案20週年特別報導 [Special Reportage of 20th Memorial of Donggang Massacre in Little Quemoy, "WPN Tactics Illustration", Ver. 32-38]. «Wings of China» Publication.(in Chinese)
- Guan, Ren-jian (1 September 2011). 你不知道的台灣:國軍故事 [The Taiwan you don't know: Stories of ROC Arm Forces]. Puomo Digital Publishing. ISBN 9789576636493.(in Chinese)
- "中天《台灣大搜索》:國軍屠殺越南難民的三七事件" [The March 7th Incident of the Vietnamese Refugees massacred by ROC Forces]. CTi News. 7 August 2013.(in Chinese)
- Li, Bo-han (25 April 2017). "從越界者眼中看見國際人權法的極限:難民與無國籍人" [Limitation of International Human Rights Law in the Eyes Cross the Borders: Refugees and Stateless People]. «Plain Laws».(in Chinese)
- Chiu, Yi-ling (3 February 2019). "作為人類,在任何地方:台灣的難民個案及相關機制" [Being Humans Anywhere: Refugee Cases and Related Mechanism in Taiwan]. Taiwan Association for Human Rights.(in Chinese)