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{{Short description|Attack on Syrian Jews in Aleppo, Syria}} |
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⚫ | The '''1947 |
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{{Campaignbox spillover of the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine}} |
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[[File:Allepo1947.jpg|thumb|Ruins of the [[Central Synagogue of Aleppo]] after the 1947 Aleppo pogrom]] |
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⚫ | The '''1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo''' were an attack on [[Syrian Jews]] in [[Aleppo]], [[Syria]] in December 1947, following the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|United Nations vote in favour of partitioning Palestine]]. The attack, a part of an anti-Jewish wave of unrest across the Middle East and North Africa, resulted in some 75 Jews murdered and several hundred wounded.<ref name="Freid1962"/> In the aftermath of the riots, half the city's Jewish population fled the city.<ref name="Shindler2008"/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries}} |
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{{Plitim}} |
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Syria gained independence from France in April 1946. The [[Haganah]]'s [[Mossad LeAliyah Bet|illegal immigration]] operative |
Syria gained independence from France in April 1946. The [[Haganah]]'s [[Mossad LeAliyah Bet|illegal immigration]] operative Akiva Feinstein wrote in 1947 that the new Syrian government then commenced persecuting the Jewish minority,<ref name="Leṿin2001" /> that all Jewish clerks working for the French bureaucracy were fired, and the government tried to stifle Jewish businesses.<ref name="Leṿin2001" /> At the time of the United Nations vote on November 29, 1947, the Jewish community in Aleppo numbered around 10,000 and went back around two thousand years.<ref name="20140512TOI" /> |
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After the vote in |
After the vote in favour of the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|partition of Palestine]], the government abetted and organised Aleppo's Arab inhabitants to attack the city's Jewish population.<ref name="Leṿin2001">{{cite book|author=Itamar Leṿin|title=Locked doors: the seizure of Jewish property in Arab countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxgonnuybEgC&pg=PA167|access-date=18 October 2010|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-97134-2|pages=167–171}}</ref><ref name="20140512TOI" /><ref name="TawilSchneider2009">{{cite book|author1=Hayim Tawil|author2=Bernard Schneider|title=Crown of Aleppo: The Mystery of the Oldest Hebrew Bible Codex|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rkjl28v4ZdAC&pg=PA163|access-date=18 October 2010|date=December 2009|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|isbn=978-0-8276-0895-5|page=163}}</ref> The exact number of those killed remains unknown, but estimates are put at around 75, with several hundred wounded.<ref name="Freid1962">{{cite book|author=Jacob Freid|title=Jews in the modern world|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2kKAQAAIAAJ|access-date=18 October 2010|year=1962|publisher=Twayne Publishers|page=68}}</ref><ref name="TawilSchneider2009"/><ref name="Pipes">Daniel Pipes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=J3PsAb1uV94C&q=Greater+Syria:+The+History+of+an+Ambition++aleppo Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition], (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 57, records 75 victims of the Aleppo massacre.</ref> Ten synagogues, five schools, an orphanage and a youth club, along with several Jewish shops and 150 houses were set ablaze and destroyed.<ref name="Morris2008">{{cite book|author=Benny Morris|title=1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 October 2010|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|page=412|isbn=9780300126969 }}</ref> Damaged property was estimated to be valued at US$2.5m.<ref name="Bostom2008">{{cite book|author=Andrew G. Bostom|title=The legacy of Islamic antisemitism: from sacred texts to solemn history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIkQAQAAIAAJ|access-date=18 October 2010|year=2008|publisher=Prometheus Books|page=159|isbn=9781591025542 }}</ref><ref name="Veenhoven1977">{{cite book|author=W. A. Veenhoven|title=Case Studies on Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AN6dSGr3kWcC&pg=PA90|access-date=18 October 2010|date=February 1977|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=978-90-247-1957-0|page=90}}</ref> During the pogrom the [[Aleppo Codex]], an important medieval manuscript of the [[Torah]], was lost and feared destroyed. The book reappeared (with 40% of pages missing) in Israel in 1958.<ref name=holy>{{cite news |author=Ronen Bergman |author-link=Ronen Bergman |title= A High Holy Whodunit |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/magazine/the-aleppo-codex-mystery.html?pagewanted=all |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date= July 25, 2012 |access-date= 2012-07-26 }}</ref> |
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Following the attack, the Jewish community went into a steep decline. |
Following the attack, the Jewish community went into a steep decline. Wealthy Jews escaped the day after the pogrom and many more fled in small groups in subsequent months.<ref name="Shindler2008">{{cite book|author=Colin Shindler|title=A history of modern Israel|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00shin|url-access=registration|access-date=18 October 2010|year=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-61538-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00shin/page/63 63]}}</ref><ref name="20140512TOI" /> Their property was forfeited and on December 22 the Syrian Government enacted a law forbidding Jews from selling their property.<ref name="Leṿin2001" /> As of 2012, no Jews live in Aleppo.<ref name="20140512TOI">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/a-different-history-of-displacement-and-loss/|title=A Different History of Displacement and Loss: There is More Than one way to look at the Commemoration of 1948′s Palestinian Defeat and Dispersion|last=Friedman|first=Matti|date=May 15, 2012|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=15 May 2014}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Farhud]] |
*[[Farhud]] |
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*[[Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries]] |
*[[Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries]] |
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*[[Menarsha synagogue attack]] |
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*[[Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war]] |
*[[Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Aleppo}} |
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{{Anti-Jewish pogroms during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War}} |
{{Anti-Jewish pogroms during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War}} |
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{{Terrorist attacks in Syria}} |
{{Terrorist attacks in Syria}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleppo}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aleppo}} |
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[[Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms |
[[Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Middle East]] |
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[[Category:Ethnic riots]] |
[[Category:Ethnic riots]] |
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[[Category:1947 in Syria]] |
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[[Category:Antisemitism in Syria]] |
[[Category:Antisemitism in Syria]] |
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[[Category:Jewish Syrian history]] |
[[Category:Jewish Syrian history]] |
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[[Category:Aleppo]] |
[[Category:Jews and Judaism in Aleppo]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military history of Aleppo]] |
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[[Category:1948 Arab–Israeli War]] |
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[[Category:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine]] |
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[[Category:December 1947 events in Asia]] |
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[[Category:1947 riots]] |
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[[Category:1947 in Judaism]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:28, 30 April 2024
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Allepo1947.jpg/220px-Allepo1947.jpg)
The 1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo were an attack on Syrian Jews in Aleppo, Syria in December 1947, following the United Nations vote in favour of partitioning Palestine. The attack, a part of an anti-Jewish wave of unrest across the Middle East and North Africa, resulted in some 75 Jews murdered and several hundred wounded.[1] In the aftermath of the riots, half the city's Jewish population fled the city.[2]
History
Part of a series on |
Jewish exodus from the Muslim world |
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Background |
Antisemitism in the Arab world |
Exodus by country |
Remembrance |
Related topics |
Syria gained independence from France in April 1946. The Haganah's illegal immigration operative Akiva Feinstein wrote in 1947 that the new Syrian government then commenced persecuting the Jewish minority,[3] that all Jewish clerks working for the French bureaucracy were fired, and the government tried to stifle Jewish businesses.[3] At the time of the United Nations vote on November 29, 1947, the Jewish community in Aleppo numbered around 10,000 and went back around two thousand years.[4]
After the vote in favour of the partition of Palestine, the government abetted and organised Aleppo's Arab inhabitants to attack the city's Jewish population.[3][4][5] The exact number of those killed remains unknown, but estimates are put at around 75, with several hundred wounded.[1][5][6] Ten synagogues, five schools, an orphanage and a youth club, along with several Jewish shops and 150 houses were set ablaze and destroyed.[7] Damaged property was estimated to be valued at US$2.5m.[8][9] During the pogrom the Aleppo Codex, an important medieval manuscript of the Torah, was lost and feared destroyed. The book reappeared (with 40% of pages missing) in Israel in 1958.[10]
Following the attack, the Jewish community went into a steep decline. Wealthy Jews escaped the day after the pogrom and many more fled in small groups in subsequent months.[2][4] Their property was forfeited and on December 22 the Syrian Government enacted a law forbidding Jews from selling their property.[3] As of 2012, no Jews live in Aleppo.[4]
See also
- 1945 Tripoli pogrom
- Farhud
- Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
- Menarsha synagogue attack
- Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war
References
- ^ a b Jacob Freid (1962). Jews in the modern world. Twayne Publishers. p. 68. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ a b Colin Shindler (2008). A history of modern Israel. Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-521-61538-9. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ a b c d Itamar Leṿin (2001). Locked doors: the seizure of Jewish property in Arab countries. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 167–171. ISBN 978-0-275-97134-2. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ a b c d Friedman, Matti (May 15, 2012). "A Different History of Displacement and Loss: There is More Than one way to look at the Commemoration of 1948′s Palestinian Defeat and Dispersion". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ a b Hayim Tawil; Bernard Schneider (December 2009). Crown of Aleppo: The Mystery of the Oldest Hebrew Bible Codex. Jewish Publication Society. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-8276-0895-5. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ Daniel Pipes, Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 57, records 75 victims of the Aleppo massacre.
- ^ Benny Morris (2008). 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war. Yale University Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780300126969. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ Andrew G. Bostom (2008). The legacy of Islamic antisemitism: from sacred texts to solemn history. Prometheus Books. p. 159. ISBN 9781591025542. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ W. A. Veenhoven (February 1977). Case Studies on Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 90. ISBN 978-90-247-1957-0. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
- ^ Ronen Bergman (July 25, 2012). "A High Holy Whodunit". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-07-26.