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{{About year|1569}} |
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{{refimprove|date=January 2016}} |
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{{Year nav|1569}} |
{{Year nav|1569}} |
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[[File:Lublin Union 1569.PNG|thumb|250px|[[July 1]]: ''[[Union of Lublin (painting)|Union of Lublin]]'']] |
[[File:Lublin Union 1569.PNG|thumb|250px|[[July 1]]: ''[[Union of Lublin (painting)|Union of Lublin]]'']] |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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=== January–March === |
=== January–March === |
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* [[January 11]] — The first recorded [[lottery]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of [[Old St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's Cathedral]] for almost five months. Each share costs ten [[shilling]]s, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works. |
* [[January 11]] — The first recorded [[lottery]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of [[Old St Paul's Cathedral|St Paul's Cathedral]] for almost five months.<ref name="lottery">{{cite thesis |last=PS |first=Ball |date=2018 |title=Gambling in Elizabethan England : perspectives on England's 'Lotterie Generall' of 1567'Äö-69 |url=https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/thesis/Gambling_in_Elizabethan_England_perspectives_on_England_s_Lotterie_Generall_of_1567_-69/23237831 |degree=PhD |pages=6,120 |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref> Each share costs ten [[shilling]]s, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works. |
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* [[February 26]] — [[Pope Pius V]] issues a papal bull expelling all Jews from Italian and French territories. |
* [[February 26]] — [[Pope Pius V]] issues a papal bull expelling all Jews from Italian and French territories.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maifreda |first1=Germano |title=A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Milan |date=1 January 2014 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-28412-8 |pages=380–405 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004284128/B9789004284128_017.xml |access-date=13 December 2023 |language=en |chapter=15 The Jews: Institutions, Economy, and Society}}</ref> |
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* [[March 13]] – [[Battle of Jarnac]]: Royalist troops under Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes surprise and defeat the Huguenots under the [[Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569)|Prince of Condé]], who is captured and murdered. A substantial proportion of the Huguenot army manages to escape, under [[Gaspard II de Coligny|Gaspard de Coligny]].<ref name="PressLevi1992">{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=725}}</ref> |
* [[March 13]] – [[Battle of Jarnac]]: Royalist troops under Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes surprise and defeat the Huguenots under the [[Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569)|Prince of Condé]], who is captured and murdered. A substantial proportion of the Huguenot army manages to escape, under [[Gaspard II de Coligny|Gaspard de Coligny]].<ref name="PressLevi1992">{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=725}}</ref> |
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=== April–June === |
=== April–June === |
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* [[April 15]] – [[Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569)| |
* [[April 15]] – [[Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569)|Burmese–Siamese War]]: In what is now Thailand, [[Mahinthrathirat]] reclaims the throne of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] upon the death of King [[Maha Chakkraphat]]. |
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* [[May 6]] – England's St. Paul Cathedral lottery |
* [[May 6]] – England's St. Paul Cathedral lottery ends with the selection of a winner.<ref name="lottery" /> |
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* [[May 8]] – King [[Bayinnaung]] of Burma puts down the revolt by Setthathirath of [[Lan Xang]] (now Laos), and ending Lan Xang's attempt to rescue Thailand's Ayutthaya Kingdom from conquest.<ref name=my-2-319>Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 319</ref> |
* [[May 8]] – King [[Bayinnaung]] of Burma puts down the revolt by Setthathirath of [[Lan Xang]] (now Laos), and ending Lan Xang's attempt to rescue Thailand's Ayutthaya Kingdom from conquest.<ref name=my-2-319>Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 319</ref> |
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* [[May 31]] – Kasim Pasha of the Ottoman Empire begins the Ottoman attempt to conquer Astrakhan with tens of thousands of troops and a plan to build a canal between the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea to send Ottoman ships on the conquest. The attempt to build a canal proves to be unfeasible. |
* [[May 31]] – Kasim Pasha of the Ottoman Empire begins the Ottoman attempt to conquer Astrakhan with tens of thousands of troops and a plan to build a canal between the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea to send Ottoman ships on the conquest.<ref name="turks">{{cite journal |last1=Kurat |first1=A. N. |title=The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan' in 1569 and the Problem of the Don-Volga Canal |journal=The Slavonic and East European Review |date=1961 |volume=40 |issue=94 |pages=7–23 |jstor=4205320 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4205320 |access-date=13 December 2023 |issn=0037-6795}}</ref> The attempt to build a canal proves to be unfeasible. |
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* [[June 10]] – German Protestant troops reinforce Coligny, near [[Limoges]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Malte-Brun |first1=Victor Adolfe |title=La France illustrée: geographie, histoire, administration et statistique |date=1855 |publisher=G. Barba |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tG_p2ueqIfoC&dq=Protestants+de+Coligny+%2210+juin+1569%22&pg=RA41-PA14 |access-date=13 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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* [[June 10]] – German Protestant troops reinforce Coligny, near [[Limoges]]. |
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=== July–September === |
=== July–September === |
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* [[July 1]] – The [[Union of Lublin]] unites the Kingdom of Poland and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] into a single state, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], following votes in the Assemblies of three Lithuanian provinces ([[Volhynia]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Podlasie]]) in favour of the incorporation. |
* [[July 1]] – The [[Union of Lublin]] unites the Kingdom of Poland and the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] into a single state, the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], following votes in the Assemblies of three Lithuanian provinces ([[Volhynia]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Podlasie]]) in favour of the incorporation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kubijovyc |first1=Volodymyr |title=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |date=1984 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |page=167 |url=https://utorontopress.com/9781442651180/encyclopedia-of-ukraine/ |access-date=13 December 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref> |
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* [[July 24]] – Huguenot forces under Gaspard II de Coligny and 15-year-old Prince [[Henry IV of France|Henry of Navarre]] begin the [[Siege of Poitiers (1569)|siege of Poitiers]], a Roman Catholic stronghold. The siege fails and the Huguenots depart on September 7. |
* [[July 24]] – Huguenot forces under Gaspard II de Coligny and 15-year-old Prince [[Henry IV of France|Henry of Navarre]] begin the [[Siege of Poitiers (1569)|siege of Poitiers]], a Roman Catholic stronghold. The siege fails and the Huguenots depart on September 7. |
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* [[August 2]] – [[Burma]] invades [[Siam]] and captures [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]]. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma. |
* [[August 2]] – [[Burma]] invades [[Siam]] and captures [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]]. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma. |
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* [[August 24]] – [[Battle of Orthez 1569|Battle of Orthez]]: Huguenot forces under [[Gabriel, comte de Montgomery]] defeat Royalist forces under General Terride, in French Navarre. Catholics surrender under the condition that their lives will be spared. Huguenots agree, but then massacre the Catholics anyway.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Richard Ernest|last1=Dupuy|first2=Trevor Nevitt|last2=Dupuy|title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fikOAQAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-270056-8|page=522|language=en}}</ref> |
* [[August 24]] – [[Battle of Orthez 1569|Battle of Orthez]]: Huguenot forces under [[Gabriel, comte de Montgomery]] defeat Royalist forces under General Terride, in French Navarre. Catholics surrender under the condition that their lives will be spared. Huguenots agree, but then massacre the Catholics anyway.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Richard Ernest|last1=Dupuy|first2=Trevor Nevitt|last2=Dupuy|title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fikOAQAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-270056-8|page=522|language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[September 7]] – A Royalist army under the [[Henry III of France|Duc d'Anjou]] and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers. |
* [[September 7]] – A Royalist army under the [[Henry III of France|Duc d'Anjou]] and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guizot |first1=François |title=L'histoire de France depuis les temps les plus revules jusqu'en 1789: recontee a mes petits-enfants |date=1874 |publisher=Hachette |page=323 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qagNAQAAMAAJ&dq=Tavannes+Coligny+Henri+III+%227+septembre+1569%22&pg=PA323 |access-date=13 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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* [[September 17]] – Pope Pius V issues the papal bull ''[[Consueverunt Romani Pontifices]]'' setting specific elements for the devotion of the [[Rosary]].<ref>[http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/documents/popescoun3.html"Teachings of the Popes and Councils on the Blessed Virgin Mary", University of Dayton] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012031018/http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/ |date=October 12, 2011 }}</ref> |
* [[September 17]] – Pope Pius V issues the papal bull ''[[Consueverunt Romani Pontifices]]'' setting specific elements for the devotion of the [[Rosary]].<ref>[http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/documents/popescoun3.html"Teachings of the Popes and Councils on the Blessed Virgin Mary", University of Dayton] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012031018/http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/ |date=October 12, 2011 }}</ref> |
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* [[September 26]] – Kasim Pasha ends his attempt to conquer Astrakhan after realizing that his troops have only one month's supply of food left. |
* [[September 26]] – Kasim Pasha ends his attempt to conquer Astrakhan after realizing that his troops have only one month's supply of food left.<ref name="turks" /> |
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* [[September 28]] – The first complete ''printed'' Bible in a Spanish translation (''La Biblia''), made by [[Casiodoro de Reina]], is published in [[Basel]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=James Dixon|last1=Douglas|first2=Merrill Chapin|last2=Tenney|year=1997|title=Diccionario Bíblico Mundo Hispano|publisher=Editorial Mundo Hispano|page=145}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biblestudytools.com/sev/#13597726648632&0%7c%7cnlst|title=Sagradas Escrituras (1569) Bible, SEV| |
* [[September 28]] – The first complete ''printed'' Bible in a Spanish translation (''La Biblia''), made by [[Casiodoro de Reina]], is published in [[Basel]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=James Dixon|last1=Douglas|first2=Merrill Chapin|last2=Tenney|year=1997|title=Diccionario Bíblico Mundo Hispano|publisher=Editorial Mundo Hispano|page=145}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biblestudytools.com/sev/#13597726648632&0%7c%7cnlst|title=Sagradas Escrituras (1569) Bible, SEV|access-date=2013-07-08|website=biblestudytools.com}}</ref> |
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* [[September 29]] – [[Maha Thammarachathirat]] is installed by the Burmese Army as the vassal king of Ayutthaya. |
* [[September 29]] – [[Maha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)|Maha Thammarachathirat]] is installed by the Burmese Army as the vassal king of Ayutthaya. |
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=== October–December === |
=== October–December === |
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* [[October 3]] – [[Battle of Moncontour]]: The Royalist forces of [[Gaspard Saulx |
* [[October 3]] – [[Battle of Moncontour]]: The Royalist forces of [[Gaspard de Saulx|Gaspard de Saulx Tavannes]] and the [[Henry III of France|Duc d'Anjou]] defeat [[Gaspard II de Coligny]]'s Huguenots, killing 8,000 and taking 3,000 prisoner. |
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* [[November 9]] – The [[Rising of the North]] begins in England as the [[Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland|Earl of Westmorland]] and the [[Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland|Earl of Northumberland]], both Catholic nobles, set off from [[Brancepeth Castle]] in [[County Durham]] with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], and placing the Catholic [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], on the English throne. |
* [[November 9]] – The [[Rising of the North]] begins in England as the [[Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland|Earl of Westmorland]] and the [[Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland|Earl of Northumberland]], both Catholic nobles, set off from [[Brancepeth Castle]] in [[County Durham]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=Peter |title=Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation |date=1 January 2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-17062-7 |page=487 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7S_DgAAQBAJ&dq=Rising+of+the+North+Thomas+Percy+Brancepeth+Castle+%229+november+1569%22&pg=PA487 |access-date=16 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], and placing the Catholic [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], on the English throne. |
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* [[November 11]] — Danish General [[Daniel Rantzau]] arrives at the Swedish held Varberg castle at [[Halland]] and orders his artillery to shell the castle with cannon fire. The Swedish defenders fire back with their own artillery and Rantzau's head is taken off by a cannonball on the first day. |
* [[November 11]] — Danish General [[Daniel Rantzau]] arrives at the Swedish held Varberg castle at [[Halland]] and orders his artillery to shell the castle with cannon fire. The Swedish defenders fire back with their own artillery and Rantzau's head is taken off by a cannonball on the first day. |
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* [[November 14]] — The siege of Varberg Castle by Denmark ends after three days of shelling the Swedish defenders. |
* [[November 14]] — The siege of Varberg Castle by Denmark ends after three days of shelling the Swedish defenders.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fornvännen |date=1966 |publisher=Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6kEsAQAAIAAJ&q=%2214%20november%201569%22 |access-date=16 December 2023 |language=sv}}</ref> |
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* [[November 26]] — [[Francisco Álvarez de Toledo]] becomes the new Spanish [[List of viceroys of Peru|Viceroy of Peru]], succeeding [[Lope García de Castro]] as the governor-general of all Spanish territory in [[South America]]. |
* [[November 26]] — [[Francisco de Toledo|Francisco Álvarez de Toledo]] becomes the new Spanish [[List of viceroys of Peru|Viceroy of Peru]], succeeding [[Lope García de Castro]] as the governor-general of all Spanish territory in [[South America]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tapia |first1=Atilio Sivirichi |title=Historia del Perú y de América: virreinto y emancipación : de conformidad con el novisimo plan de estudios |date=1900 |publisher=Imprenta D. Miranda |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urzZAAAAMAAJ&dq=Francisco+de+Toledo+peru+Lope+Garc%C3%ADa+de+Castro+%2226+de+noviembre+de+1569%22&pg=PA19 |access-date=16 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref> |
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* [[December 2]] — The Catholic army of the Duc d'Anjou inflicts another defeat on the Huguenots of Coligny, successfully besieging [[Saint-Jean-d'Angély]].<ref>R. J. Knecht, ''The French Wars of Religion 1559-1598'' (Longman, 1989) p.42</ref> |
* [[December 2]] — The Catholic army of the Duc d'Anjou inflicts another defeat on the Huguenots of Coligny, successfully besieging [[Saint-Jean-d'Angély]].<ref>R. J. Knecht, ''The French Wars of Religion 1559-1598'' (Longman, 1989) p.42</ref> |
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* [[December 6]] — The [[Siege of Kanbara|Kanbara castle]], held by the [[Later Hōjō clan|Hōjō clan]] in what is now the [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] of Japan falls after a siege by [[Takeda Katsuyori]] of the [[Takeda clan]]. Hōjō Ujinobu, who had 1,000 men defending, commits suicide after the defeat. |
* [[December 6]] — The [[Siege of Kanbara|Kanbara castle]], held by the [[Later Hōjō clan|Hōjō clan]] in what is now the [[Shizuoka Prefecture]] of Japan falls after a siege by [[Takeda Katsuyori]] of the [[Takeda clan]]. Hōjō Ujinobu, who had 1,000 men defending, commits suicide after the defeat. |
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=== Dates unknown === |
=== Dates unknown === |
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* The [[Mercator projection]] is first used in [[Gerardus Mercator]]'s [[Mercator 1569 world map|world map]], ''Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendata''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Nicholas|last=Crane|title=Mercator: the man who mapped the planet|location=London|publisher=Phoenix|year=2003| |
* The [[Mercator projection]] is first used in [[Gerardus Mercator]]'s [[Mercator 1569 world map|world map]], ''Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendata''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Nicholas|last=Crane|title=Mercator: the man who mapped the planet|location=London|publisher=Phoenix|year=2003|isbn=0-7538-1692-X}}</ref> |
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* A [[1569 Plot|conspiracy]] with the intent to depose [[John III of Sweden]] and reinstate the imprisoned [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] on the Swedish throne is exposed in Sweden. |
* A [[1569 Plot|conspiracy]] with the intent to depose [[John III of Sweden]] and reinstate the imprisoned [[Eric XIV of Sweden]] on the Swedish throne is exposed in Sweden. |
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* The trade compact of [[1536]] is renewed, exempting French merchants from [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] law, and allowing them to travel, buy and sell throughout the [[sultan]]'s dominions, and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports. |
* The trade compact of [[1536]] is renewed, exempting French merchants from [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] law, and allowing them to travel, buy and sell throughout the [[sultan]]'s dominions, and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports. |
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* [[Akbar]] founds [[Fatehpur Sikri]], to honor the Muslim holy man [[Shaikh Salim Chisti]], who has foretold the birth of Akbar's son and heir, [[Jahangir]]. |
* [[Akbar]] founds [[Fatehpur Sikri]], to honor the Muslim holy man [[Shaikh Salim Chisti]], who has foretold the birth of Akbar's son and heir, [[Jahangir]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frail |first1=T. A. |title=The Ancient Architecture of Fatehpur Sikri |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-ancient-architecture-of-fatehpur-sikri-37573801/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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[[File:Indian - Single Leaf of a Portrait of the Emperor Jahangir - Walters W705 - Detail.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Jahangir]]]] |
[[File:Indian - Single Leaf of a Portrait of the Emperor Jahangir - Walters W705 - Detail.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Jahangir]]]] |
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[[File:Frans Pourbus the Younger - Portrait of Giovanni Battista Marino.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Giambattista Marino]]]] |
[[File:Frans Pourbus the Younger - Portrait of Giovanni Battista Marino.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Giambattista Marino]]]] |
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* [[January 20]] – [[Heribert Rosweyde]], Jesuit hagiographer (d. [[1629]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Machielsen |first1=Jan |title=Angels of Light? Sanctity and the Discernment of Spirits in the Early Modern Period |date=1 January 2013 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-23370-6 |pages=103–141 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004233706/B9789004233706-s006.xml |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en |chapter=Heretical Saints and Textual Discernment: The Polemical Origins of the Acta Sanctorum (1643–1940)}}</ref> |
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* [[January 20]] – [[Heribert Rosweyde]], Jesuit hagiographer (d. [[1629]]) |
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* [[January 22]] – [[Lucio Massari]], Italian painter (d. [[1633]]) |
* [[January 22]] – [[Lucio Massari]], Italian painter (d. [[1633]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Massari, Lucio |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/display/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00118288 |website=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[February 13]] – [[Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (d. [[1625]]) |
* [[February 13]] – [[Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (d. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Der Globusfreund: wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für Globen- und Instrumentenkunde |date=2007 |publisher=Coronelli-Weltbund der Globusfreunde |page=86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbAZAQAAMAAJ&q=Johann+Reinhard+I+13+februar+1569 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[March 28]] – [[Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (d. [[1622]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Serie cronologica dei vescovi di Parma con alcuni cenni sui principali avvenimenti civili del canonico dottor D. Gio. M. Allodi |date=1856 |publisher=P. Fiaccadori |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sgIKm0uGxpgC&dq=Ranuccio+I+Farnese+%2228+marzo+1569%22&pg=PA107 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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* [[March 28]] – [[Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (d. [[1622]]) |
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* [[March 29]] – [[John Suckling (politician)|John Suckling]], English politician (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite web |title=SUCKLING, John (1569-1627), of St. Andrew's, Norwich, Norf.; Dorset Court, Fleet Street, London; Barsham, Suff. and Goodfathers, Twickenham, Mdx. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/suckling-john-1569-1627 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[April 10]] – [[Countess Emilia of Nassau]], German countess (d. [[1629]]) |
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* [[April 10]] – [[Countess Emilia of Nassau]], German countess (d. [[1629]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bornewasser |first1=Hans A. |title=Nassau und Oranien: Statthalter und Könige der Niederlande |date=1985 |publisher=Muster-Schmidt |isbn=978-3-7881-1739-9 |page=83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo9WAAAAYAAJ&q=Emilia+von+Oranien+%2210+april+1569%22 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[April 15]] – [[Joan Shakespeare]], William Shakespeare's sister (d. [[1646]]) |
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* [[April 15]] – [[Joan Shakespeare]], William Shakespeare's sister (d. [[1646]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Honan |first1=Park |title=Shakespeare: A Life |date=29 October 1998 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-811792-6 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2EJ5LS5HcsC&dq=Joan+Shakespeare+%2215+april+1569%22&pg=PA41 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[April 16]] – [[John Davies (poet, born 1569)|John Davies]], English poet and lawyer (d. [[1626]]) |
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* [[April 16]] – [[John Davies (poet, born 1569)|John Davies]], English poet and lawyer (d. [[1626]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pawlisch |first1=Hans S. |title=Sir John Davies and the Conquest of Ireland: A Study in Legal Imperialism |date=18 July 2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52657-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_xM1NWm7JwC&dq=John+Davies+%2216+april+1569%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[May 20]] – [[Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli]], Spanish noble (d. [[1607]]) |
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* [[May 20]] – [[Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli]], Spanish noble (d. [[1607]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Béthencourt |first1=Francisco Fernández de |title=Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquia española: casa real y grandes de España |date=1904 |publisher=Establecimiento Tipográfico de Enrique Teodoro |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UheAAAAcAAJ&dq=Juan+de+la+Cerda+%2220+de+mayo+de+1569%22&pg=PA264 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref> |
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* [[June 1]] – [[Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp]], Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (d. [[1634]]) |
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* [[June 1]] – [[Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp]], Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (d. [[1634]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schattkowsky |first1=Martina |title=Witwenschaft in der frühen Neuzeit: fürstliche und adlige Witwen zwischen Fremd- und Selbstbestimmung |date=2003 |publisher=Leipziger Universitätsverlag |isbn=978-3-936522-79-2 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNMnYauaWfUC&dq=Sophia+von+Schleswig+%2231+mai+1569%22&pg=PA205 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[June 30]] – [[Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel]], countess consort of Schaumburg (d. [[1644]]) |
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* [[June 30]] – [[Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel]], countess consort of Schaumburg (d. [[1644]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Köttelwesch |first1=Sabine |title=Geliebte, Gemahlinnen und Mätressen: zehn Frauenschicksale aus dem Umfeld des Kasseler Fürstenhofes |date=2004 |publisher=Verein für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde e.V. 1834 Kassel, Zweigverein Hofgeismar |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSFoAAAAMAAJ&q=%2230%20juni%201569%22 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[July 3]] – [[Thomas Richardson (judge)|Thomas Richardson]], English politician and judge (d. [[1635]]) |
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* [[July 3]] – [[Thomas Richardson (judge)|Thomas Richardson]], English politician and judge (d. [[1635]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Richardson, Thomas|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.001.0001/odnb-9780192683120-e-23584|year=2004 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/23584}}</ref> |
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* [[July 19]] – [[Conrad Vorstius]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1622]]) |
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* [[July 19]] – [[Conrad Vorstius]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1622]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mellby |first1=Carl August |title=Conrad Vorstius: ein Vorkämpfer religiöser Duldung am Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts |date=1901 |publisher=O. Schmidt |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lwUAQAAIAAJ&dq=Conrad+Vorstius+%2219+juli+1569%22&pg=PA32 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[July 30]] – [[Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein]] (d. [[1627]]) |
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* [[July 30]] – [[Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein]] (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haupt |first1=Herbert |title=Fürst Karl I. von Liechtenstein: Obersthofmeister Kaiser Rudolfs II. und Vizekönig von Böhmen : Hofstaat und Sammeltätigkeit, Edition der Quellen aus dem liechtensteinischen Hausarchiv |date=1983 |publisher=Böhlau |isbn=978-3-205-06271-4 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbAZAAAAYAAJ&q=Karl+I+%2230+juli+1569%22 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[August 31]] – [[Jahangir]], Mughal emperor (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Nagendra Kr Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVtuAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7648-233-2|page=118|language=en}}</ref> |
* [[August 31]] – [[Jahangir]], Mughal emperor (d. [[1627]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Nagendra Kr Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVtuAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7648-233-2|page=118|language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[September]] – [[Arthur Lake (bishop)|Arthur Lake]], English bishop, a translator of the King James Bible (d. [[1626]]) |
* [[September]] – [[Arthur Lake (bishop)|Arthur Lake]], English bishop, a translator of the King James Bible (d. [[1626]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lee |first1=Sidney |title=DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY |date=1892 |publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co |location=London |page=408 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47fUyQY5pTEC&dq=Arthur+Lake+%22september+1569%22&pg=PA408 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[September 5]] – [[Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim]], officer and amateur poet (d. [[1645]]) |
* [[September 5]] – [[Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim]], officer and amateur poet (d. [[1645]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fischer |first1=Adolf |title=Geschichte des Hauses Hohenlohe|date=1868 |publisher=Blum & Vogel'sche Buchdruckerei |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDYGKVNXMpEC&dq=Georg+Friedrich+%225+september+1569%22&pg=PA188 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[September 9]] – [[Joachim Andreas von Schlick]], Czech leader (d. [[1621]]) |
* [[September 9]] – [[Joachim Andreas von Schlick]], Czech leader (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lukášek |first1=Josef |title=Jáchym Ondřej hrabě Šlik |date=1913 |publisher=Nákl. V. Horák |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3oyAQAAMAAJ&dq=J%C3%A1chym+Ond%C5%99ej+%C5%A0lik+%229.+z%C3%A1%C5%99%C3%AD+1569%22&pg=PA4 |language=cs}}</ref> |
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* [[September 23]] – [[Tachibana Ginchiyo]], female samurai leader of the [[Tachibana clan (samurai)|Tachibana clan]] in Japan (d. 1602) |
* [[September 23]] – [[Tachibana Ginchiyo]], female samurai leader of the [[Tachibana clan (samurai)|Tachibana clan]] in Japan (d. 1602) |
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* [[September 24]] – [[Ernst of Schaumburg]], Count of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schaumburg (1601–1622) (d. [[1622]]) |
* [[September 24]] – [[Ernst of Schaumburg]], Count of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schaumburg (1601–1622) (d. [[1622]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Fürst Ernst, Graf von Holstein-Schaumburg, 1569-1622: Archivalienausstellung des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Bückeburg |date=1969 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmgTAQAAMAAJ&q=%20%2224%20september%201569%22 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[September 27]] – [[John Percy (Jesuit)|John Percy]], English priest (d. [[1641]]) |
* [[September 27]] – [[John Percy (Jesuit)|John Percy]], English priest (d. [[1641]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Percy [alias Fisher], John|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-9499|year=2004 |access-date=18 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9499}}</ref> |
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* [[October 13]] – [[Claude de Bullion]], French Minister of Finance (d. [[1640]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vergé-Franceschi |first1=Michel |title=Les officiers généraux de la marine royale, 1715-1774: Les parisiens. La cour |date=1990 |publisher=Librairie de l'Inde |isbn=978-2-905455-04-8 |page=2074 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l34sAAAAYAAJ&q=%2213%20octobre%201569%22 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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* [[October 13]] – [[Claude de Bullion]], French Minister of Finance (d. [[1640]]) |
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* [[October 14]] – [[Giambattista Marino]], Italian poet (d. [[1625]]) |
* [[October 14]] – [[Giambattista Marino]], Italian poet (d. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Culcasi |first1=Carlo |title=G. B. Marino (1569-1625) |date=1932 |publisher=G.B. Paravia |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zp8QAQAAIAAJ&q=Giambattista+Marino+%2214+ottobre+1569%22 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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* [[November 5]] – [[Nils Turesson Bielke]], Swedish politician (d. [[1639]]) |
* [[November 5]] – [[Nils Turesson Bielke]], Swedish politician (d. [[1639]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Communications numismatiques |date=1937 |publisher=Föreningen |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=feivYpuqe64C&q=Nils+Turesson+Bielke+%225+november+1569%22 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=sv}}</ref> |
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* [[November 11]] – [[Martin Ruland the Younger]], German alchemist (d. [[1611]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Söhner |first1=Felicitas |title=Vom Lauinger Stadtphysikus zum kaiserlichen Leibarzt: Der Alchimist Martin Ruland der Jüngere |date=2011 |publisher=GRIN Verlag |isbn=978-3-656-03775-0 |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRBUBFDclJEC&dq=Martin+Ruland+der+J%C3%BCngere+%2211+november+1569%22&pg=PA2 |access-date=19 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[November 11]] – [[Martin Ruland the Younger]], German alchemist (d. [[1611]]) |
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* [[November 16]] – [[Paul Sartorius (composer)|Paul Sartorius]], German composer (d. [[1609]]) |
* [[November 16]] – [[Paul Sartorius (composer)|Paul Sartorius]], German composer (d. [[1609]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Sartorius [Schneider, Schneickher], Paul |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000024609 |website=Grove Music Online |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[November 18]] – [[Antonio Marcello Barberini]], Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (d. [[1646]]) |
* [[November 18]] – [[Antonio Marcello Barberini]], Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (d. [[1646]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BARBERINI, Antonio |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/antonio-barberini_res-2ec798e4-87e7-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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* [[November 24]] – [[Francis Ashley]], English politician (d. [[1635]]) |
* [[November 24]] – [[Francis Ashley]], English politician (d. [[1635]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Ashley, Sir Francis|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-70459|year=2004 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/70459}}</ref> |
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* [[December 15]] – [[Muzio Oddi]], Italian mathematician (d. [[1639]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arnold |first1=Corliss Richard |title=Organ Literature: Biographical Catalog |date=1 January 1995 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-1-4616-7025-4 |page=375 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTEMAAAAQBAJ&dq=Jakob+Hassler+18+december+1569&pg=PA375 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[December 15]] – [[Muzio Oddi]], Italian mathematician (d. [[1639]]) |
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* [[December 18]] – [[Jakob Hassler]], German composer (d. [[1622]]) |
* [[December 18]] – [[Jakob Hassler]], German composer (d. [[1622]]) |
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* [[December 22]] – [[Étienne Martellange]], French architect (d. [[1641]]) |
* [[December 22]] – [[Étienne Martellange]], French architect (d. [[1641]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus: nouvelle édition |date=1894 |publisher=Oscar Schepens |page=614 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JI7yPgQI2XMC&dq=%C3%89tienne+Martellange+%2222+decembre+1569%22&pg=PA613 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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* [[December 31]] – [[Anna de' Medici]], Tuscan princess (d. [[1584]]) |
* [[December 31]] – [[Anna de' Medici (1569–1584)|Anna de' Medici]], Tuscan princess (d. [[1584]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Documenti di filologia |date=1972 |publisher=Riccardo Ricciardi |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G7cDXHuE31MC&q=%2231%20decembre%201569%22 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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* ''date unknown'' |
* ''date unknown'' |
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** [[Guillén de Castro y Bellvis]], Spanish dramatist (d. [[1631]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weiger |first1=John G. |title=Another Look at the Biography of Guillen de Castro |journal=Bulletin of the Comediantes |date=1958 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=3–5 |doi=10.1353/boc.1958.0004 |s2cid=191576269 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/107/article/401577/summary |access-date=20 December 2023 |issn=1944-0928}}</ref> |
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** [[Guillén de Castro y Bellvis]], Spanish dramatist (d. [[1631]]) |
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** [[William Monson (Royal Navy officer)|William Monson]], British admiral (d. [[1643]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Southey |first1=Robert |title=The British Admirals: With an Introductory View of the Naval History of England |date=1840 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4ovAAAAYAAJ&dq=William+Monson+%221569%22&pg=PA66 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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** [[Tobias Hume]], English composer (d. [[1645]]) |
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** [[Frans Pourbus the Younger]], Flemish painter (d. [[1622]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zirpolo |first1=Lilian H. |title=Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art |date=19 August 2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-6467-0 |page=400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyvCDAAAQBAJ&dq=Frans+Pourbus+the+Younger+%221569%22&pg=PA400 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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** [[William Monson (Royal Navy officer)|William Monson]], British admiral (d. [[1643]]) |
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** [[Yodo-dono]], Japanese concubine of [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] (d. [[1615]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Papinot |first1=Edmond |title=Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan: With 300 Illustrations, 18 Appendixes and Several Maps |date=1909 |publisher=Librairie Sansaisha |page=752 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIxOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Yodo-dono+%221569%22&pg=PA752 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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** [[Frans Pourbus the Younger]], Flemish painter (d. [[1622]]) |
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** [[John Suckling (politician)|John Suckling]], English politician (d. [[1627]]) |
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** [[Yodo-dono]], Japanese concubine of [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] (d. [[1615]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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[[File:Attributed to el Greco - Portrait of Juan de %C3%81vila - Google Art Project.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|Saint [[John of Ávila]]]] |
[[File:Attributed to el Greco - Portrait of Juan de %C3%81vila - Google Art Project.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|Saint [[John of Ávila]]]] |
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[[File:Filipp, mitropolitt of Moscow.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow]]]] |
[[File:Filipp, mitropolitt of Moscow.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow]]]] |
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* [[January 15]] – [[Catherine Carey]] lady-in-waiting to [[Elizabeth I of England]] (b. [[1524]]) |
* [[January 15]] – [[Catherine Carey]] lady-in-waiting to [[Elizabeth I of England]] (b. [[1524]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mayhew |first1=Mickey |title=Imprisoning Mary Queen of Scots: The Men Who Kept the Stuart Queen |date=21 September 2022 |publisher=Pen and Sword History |isbn=978-1-3990-1102-0 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWuEEAAAQBAJ&dq=Catherine+Carey+%2215+january+1569%22&pg=PA28 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[January 20]] – [[Myles Coverdale]], English Bible translator (b. c. [[1488]])<ref>{{cite book|author=James Frederic Mozley|title=Coverdale and His Bibles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qXYAAAAMAAJ|year=1953|publisher=Lutterworth Press|page=27|language=en}}</ref> |
* [[January 20]] – [[Myles Coverdale]], English Bible translator (b. c. [[1488]])<ref>{{cite book|author=James Frederic Mozley|title=Coverdale and His Bibles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qXYAAAAMAAJ|year=1953|publisher=Lutterworth Press|page=27|language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[March 13]] – [[Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569)|Louis, Prince of Condé]], French Protestant general (b. [[1530]])<ref name="PressLevi1992"/> |
* [[March 13]] – [[Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569)|Louis, Prince of Condé]], French Protestant general (b. [[1530]])<ref name="PressLevi1992"/> |
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* [[March 17]] – [[Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg]] (b. [[1545]]) |
* [[March 17]] – [[Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg]] (b. [[1545]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morgenbesser |first1=Michael |title=Michael Morgenbessers Geschichte von Schlesien |date=1892 |publisher=Max |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YKiYCVQXYU4C&dq=Karl+Christoph+17+marz+1569&pg=PA188 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[April 15]] –[[Maha Chakkraphat]], Siamese King of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] (b. [[1509]]) |
* [[April 15]] –[[Maha Chakkraphat]], Siamese King of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] (b. [[1509]]) |
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* [[May 10]] – [[John of Ávila]], Spanish mystic and saint (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lopez |first1=Anselmo Arenas |title=El beato Juan de Avila, apóstol de las Andalucías, era natural de Molina de Aragón: no de Almodóvar |date=1918 |publisher=Impr. Hijos de F. Vives Mora |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pX-ri7umjK8C&q=%2210%20de%20mayo%20de%201569%22 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=es}}</ref> |
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* [[May 10]] – [[John of Ávila]], Spanish mystic and saint (b. [[1500]]) |
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* [[May 16]] – [[Dirk Willems]], Dutch Anabaptist martyr<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ceuninck |first1=Aloysius de |title=Historische tafereelen uit de XVIe eeuw |date=1876 |publisher=Van Hecke |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5J1mVQbozcC&dq=Dirk+Willems+%2216+mei+1569%22&pg=PA104 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=nl}}</ref> |
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* [[May 16]] – [[Dirk Willems]], Dutch Anabaptist martyr |
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* [[May 17]] – [[Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim]] (b. [[1518]]) |
* [[May 17]] – [[Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim]] (b. [[1518]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Bayerische Zeitung: 1866 |date=1866 |publisher=Wolf |page=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tu1DAAAAcAAJ&dq=Georg+von+Simmern+%2217+mai+1569%22&pg=PA145 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[May 26]] – [[Vidus Vidius]], Italian surgeon and anatomist (b. [[1509]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bahşi |first1=İlhan |title=Life of Guido Guidi (Vidus Vidius), who named the Vidian canal |journal=Child's Nervous System |date=1 May 2020 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=881–884 |doi=10.1007/s00381-018-3930-7 |pmid=30066162 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00381-018-3930-7 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en |issn=1433-0350}}</ref> |
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* [[May 26]] – [[Vidus Vidius]], Italian surgeon and anatomist (b. [[1509]]) |
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* [[May 27]] – [[François de Coligny d'Andelot]], French general (b. [[1521]]) |
* [[May 27]] – [[François de Coligny d'Andelot]], French general (b. [[1521]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronologie historique militaire |date=1761 |publisher=Chez Claude Herissant |page=546 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QRUAAAAcAAJ&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Coligny+%2227+mai+1569%22&pg=PA546 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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* [[June 11]] – [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] (b. [[1526]]) |
* [[June 11]] – [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] (b. [[1526]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Neues Archiv für die Geschichte der Stadt Heidelberg und der rheinischen Pfalz |date=1907 |publisher=G. Koester |page=143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m8hDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Wolfgang+von+Pfalz+%2211+juni+1569%22&pg=RA2-PA143 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[September 5]] |
* [[September 5]] |
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** [[Edmund Bonner]], Bishop of London (b. c. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parmiter |first1=Geoffrey de C. |title=Bishop Bonner and the Oath |journal=British Catholic History |date=April 1972 |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=215–236 |doi=10.1017/S0034193200033100 |s2cid=191843272 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-catholic-history/article/abs/bishop-bonner-and-the-oath/D22529344010B7A15589A649296DF070 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en |issn=0034-1932}}</ref> |
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** [[Edmund Bonner]], Bishop of London (b. c. [[1500]]) |
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** [[Bernardo Tasso]], Italian courtier and poet (b. [[1493]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grendler |first1=Paul F. |title=Encyclopedia of the Renaissance: Shakespeare-Zwingli |date=1999 |publisher=Scribner's |isbn=978-0-684-80513-9 |page=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yo7rAAAAMAAJ&q=Bernardo+Tasso+%225+september+1569%22 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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** [[Bernardo Tasso]], Italian courtier and poet (b. [[1493]]) |
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* [[September 9]] – [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], Flemish painter<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Oliver Hand|author3=Washington National Gallery of Art|author2=Martha Wolff|title=Early Netherlandish Painting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d_pZim9LVv8C&pg=PA27|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-89468-093-9|pages=27|language=en}}</ref> |
* [[September 9]] – [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], Flemish painter<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Oliver Hand|author3=Washington National Gallery of Art|author2=Martha Wolff|title=Early Netherlandish Painting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d_pZim9LVv8C&pg=PA27|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-89468-093-9|pages=27|language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[September 11]] – [[Vincenza Armani]], Italian actress (b. [[1530]])<ref>{{cite book |title=La Commedia dell'Arte e la societa' Barocca: pt.1 La fascinazione del teatro. pt.2 La professione del teatro |date=1969 |publisher=Bulzoni |isbn=978-88-7119-201-7 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjYHAQAAIAAJ&q=Vincenza+Armani+%2211+settembre+1569%22 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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* [[September 11]] – [[Vincenza Armani]], Italian actress (b. [[1530]]) |
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* [[October 3]] – [[Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden]] (b. [[1536]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riezler |first1=Sigmund |title=Gescichte Baierns: Bd. Von 1508 bis 1597. 1899 |date=1899 |publisher=F. A. Perthes |page=604 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtA7AAAAMAAJ&dq=Philibert+von+Baden+%223+oktober+1569%22&pg=PA604 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[October 3]] – [[Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden]] (b. [[1536]]) |
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* [[October 9]] – [[Vladimir of Staritsa]], Russian prince (b. [[1533]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madariaga |first1=Isabel de |title=Ivan the Terrible |date=25 September 2006 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-11973-2 |page=240 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdFVn1v3FMUC&dq=Vladimir+of+Staritsa+%229+october+1569%22&pg=PA240 |access-date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[October 9]] – [[Vladimir of Staritsa]], Russian prince (b. [[1533]]) |
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* [[October 28]] – [[Ludovica Torelli]], Count of Guastalla (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Staurenghi |first1=Cesare |title=L'Ospedale maggiore di Milano e i suoi antichi sepolcri: particolarmente il foppone ora detto la rotonda cronistoria Milanese dei secoli XV-XX. |date=1916 |publisher=Ulrico Hoepli |page=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NC_ggH3ljloC&dq=Ludovica+Torelli+%2228+ottobre+1569%22&pg=PA144 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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* [[October 28]] – [[Ludovica Torelli]], Count of Guastalla (b. [[1500]]) |
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* [[November 24]] – [[Celio Secondo Curione]], Italian humanist (b. [[1503]]) |
* [[November 24]] – [[Celio Secondo Curione]], Italian humanist (b. [[1503]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kutter |first1=Markus |title=Celio Secondo Curione |date=1955 |publisher=Helbing & Lichtenhahn |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FVAnFYYjGkC&q=Celio+Secondo+Curione+%2224+november+1569%22 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[November 29]] – [[António Ferreira (poet)|António Ferreira]], Portuguese poet (b. [[1528]]) |
* [[November 29]] – [[António Ferreira (poet)|António Ferreira]], Portuguese poet (b. [[1528]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roig |first1=Adrien |title=O teatro clássico em Portugal no século XVI |date=1983 |publisher=Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, Ministério da Educação |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsZLAAAAMAAJ&q=%2229%20de%20novembro%20de%201569%22 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
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* [[December 10]] – [[Paul Eber]], German Lutheran theologian (b. [[1511]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sixt |first1=Christian Heinrich |title=Dr. Paul Eber, der Schüler, Freund und Amtsgenosse der Reformatoren |date=1843 |publisher=Karl Winter University Bookstore |location=Heidelberg |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFJnBwIkBCcC&dq=Paul+Eber+%2210+december+1569%22&pg=PA214 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[December 10]] – [[Paul Eber]], German Lutheran theologian (b. [[1511]]) |
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* [[December 15]] – [[Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch]], spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. [[1540]]) |
* [[December 15]] – [[Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch]], spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. [[1540]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lehmann |first1=Johann Georg Lehmann |title=Urkundliche Geschichte der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg: Geschichte der Dynasten von Ochsenstein, der Grafen von Zweibrücken-Bitsch und der Grafen von Hanau-Lichtenberg |date=1863 |publisher=Druck und Verlag von J. Schneider |page=472 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ASIj11o69sC&dq=Ludovica+Margaretha+von+Zweibr%C3%BCcken+%2215+december+1569%22&pg=PA472 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[December 23]] – [[Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow]] (b. [[1507]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Богуславский |first1=Владимир Вольфович |title=Славянская энциклопедия: Киевская Русь-Московия |date=2001 |publisher=ОЛМА Медиа Групп |isbn=978-5-224-02251-9 |page=605 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5w2aelUEB_UC&dq=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF+II+%2223+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1569%22&pg=PA605 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=ru}}</ref> |
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* [[December 23]] – [[Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow]] (b. [[1507]]) |
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* ''date unknown'' |
* ''date unknown'' |
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** [[Janet Beaton]], Scottish noble (b. [[1519]]) |
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** [[Elin Andersdotter]], Swedish lady-in-waiting and political conspirator<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arnell |first1=Sture |title=Karin Månsdotter: tolv kapitel om en drottning och hennes tid |date=1951 |publisher=Wahlström & Widstrand |page=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IrUAAAAMAAJ&q=Elin+Andersdotter+%221569%22 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=sv}}</ref> |
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** [[Elin Andersdotter]], Swedish lady-in-waiting and political conspirator |
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** [[Gracia Mendes Nasi]], Ottoman businessperson and philanthropist (b. [[1510]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miović |first1=Vesna |last2=Seferović |first2=Relja |title=Gracia Mendes in Dubrovnik |journal=Dubrovnik Annals |date=18 September 2014 |issue=18 |pages=65–94 |doi=10.21857/ydkx2c3xg9 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/137733 |access-date=22 December 2023 |language=en |issn=1331-3878|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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** [[Gracia Mendes Nasi]], Ottoman businessperson and philanthropist (b. [[1510]]) |
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** [[Mahinthrathirat]], Ayutthaya king (b. [[1539]]) |
** [[Mahinthrathirat]], Ayutthaya king (b. [[1539]]) |
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Latest revision as of 08:29, 23 February 2024
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1569 by topic |
---|
Arts and science |
Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Works category |
Gregorian calendar | 1569 MDLXIX |
Ab urbe condita | 2322 |
Armenian calendar | 1018 ԹՎ ՌԺԸ |
Assyrian calendar | 6319 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1490–1491 |
Bengali calendar | 976 |
Berber calendar | 2519 |
English Regnal year | 11 Eliz. 1 – 12 Eliz. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2113 |
Burmese calendar | 931 |
Byzantine calendar | 7077–7078 |
Chinese calendar | 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 4266 or 4059 — to — 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 4267 or 4060 |
Coptic calendar | 1285–1286 |
Discordian calendar | 2735 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1561–1562 |
Hebrew calendar | 5329–5330 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1625–1626 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1490–1491 |
- Kali Yuga | 4669–4670 |
Holocene calendar | 11569 |
Igbo calendar | 569–570 |
Iranian calendar | 947–948 |
Islamic calendar | 976–977 |
Japanese calendar | Eiroku 12 (永禄12年) |
Javanese calendar | 1488–1489 |
Julian calendar | 1569 MDLXIX |
Korean calendar | 3902 |
Minguo calendar | 343 before ROC 民前343年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 101 |
Thai solar calendar | 2111–2112 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 1695 or 1314 or 542 — to — 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1696 or 1315 or 543 |
Year 1569 (MDLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 11 — The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral for almost five months.[1] Each share costs ten shillings, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works.
- February 26 — Pope Pius V issues a papal bull expelling all Jews from Italian and French territories.[2]
- March 13 – Battle of Jarnac: Royalist troops under Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes surprise and defeat the Huguenots under the Prince of Condé, who is captured and murdered. A substantial proportion of the Huguenot army manages to escape, under Gaspard de Coligny.[3]
April–June
- April 15 – Burmese–Siamese War: In what is now Thailand, Mahinthrathirat reclaims the throne of the Ayutthaya Kingdom upon the death of King Maha Chakkraphat.
- May 6 – England's St. Paul Cathedral lottery ends with the selection of a winner.[1]
- May 8 – King Bayinnaung of Burma puts down the revolt by Setthathirath of Lan Xang (now Laos), and ending Lan Xang's attempt to rescue Thailand's Ayutthaya Kingdom from conquest.[4]
- May 31 – Kasim Pasha of the Ottoman Empire begins the Ottoman attempt to conquer Astrakhan with tens of thousands of troops and a plan to build a canal between the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea to send Ottoman ships on the conquest.[5] The attempt to build a canal proves to be unfeasible.
- June 10 – German Protestant troops reinforce Coligny, near Limoges.[6]
July–September
- July 1 – The Union of Lublin unites the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following votes in the Assemblies of three Lithuanian provinces (Volhynia, Ukraine and Podlasie) in favour of the incorporation.[7]
- July 24 – Huguenot forces under Gaspard II de Coligny and 15-year-old Prince Henry of Navarre begin the siege of Poitiers, a Roman Catholic stronghold. The siege fails and the Huguenots depart on September 7.
- August 2 – Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.
- August 24 – Battle of Orthez: Huguenot forces under Gabriel, comte de Montgomery defeat Royalist forces under General Terride, in French Navarre. Catholics surrender under the condition that their lives will be spared. Huguenots agree, but then massacre the Catholics anyway.[8]
- September 7 – A Royalist army under the Duc d'Anjou and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.[9]
- September 17 – Pope Pius V issues the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices setting specific elements for the devotion of the Rosary.[10]
- September 26 – Kasim Pasha ends his attempt to conquer Astrakhan after realizing that his troops have only one month's supply of food left.[5]
- September 28 – The first complete printed Bible in a Spanish translation (La Biblia), made by Casiodoro de Reina, is published in Basel.[11][12]
- September 29 – Maha Thammarachathirat is installed by the Burmese Army as the vassal king of Ayutthaya.
October–December
- October 3 – Battle of Moncontour: The Royalist forces of Gaspard de Saulx Tavannes and the Duc d'Anjou defeat Gaspard II de Coligny's Huguenots, killing 8,000 and taking 3,000 prisoner.
- November 9 – The Rising of the North begins in England as the Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland, both Catholic nobles, set off from Brancepeth Castle in County Durham[13] with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I of England, and placing the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.
- November 11 — Danish General Daniel Rantzau arrives at the Swedish held Varberg castle at Halland and orders his artillery to shell the castle with cannon fire. The Swedish defenders fire back with their own artillery and Rantzau's head is taken off by a cannonball on the first day.
- November 14 — The siege of Varberg Castle by Denmark ends after three days of shelling the Swedish defenders.[14]
- November 26 — Francisco Álvarez de Toledo becomes the new Spanish Viceroy of Peru, succeeding Lope García de Castro as the governor-general of all Spanish territory in South America.[15]
- December 2 — The Catholic army of the Duc d'Anjou inflicts another defeat on the Huguenots of Coligny, successfully besieging Saint-Jean-d'Angély.[16]
- December 6 — The Kanbara castle, held by the Hōjō clan in what is now the Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan falls after a siege by Takeda Katsuyori of the Takeda clan. Hōjō Ujinobu, who had 1,000 men defending, commits suicide after the defeat.
- December 13 — An English counterattack against the Northern rebels begins as Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, marches from York with 10,000 men against the rebels' 6,000. The rebels disperse and flee northward back to Scotland, ending the Rising of the North.
Dates unknown
- The Mercator projection is first used in Gerardus Mercator's world map, Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendata.[17]
- A conspiracy with the intent to depose John III of Sweden and reinstate the imprisoned Eric XIV of Sweden on the Swedish throne is exposed in Sweden.
- The trade compact of 1536 is renewed, exempting French merchants from Ottoman law, and allowing them to travel, buy and sell throughout the sultan's dominions, and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports.
- Akbar founds Fatehpur Sikri, to honor the Muslim holy man Shaikh Salim Chisti, who has foretold the birth of Akbar's son and heir, Jahangir.[18]
Births
- January 20 – Heribert Rosweyde, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1629)[19]
- January 22 – Lucio Massari, Italian painter (d. 1633)[20]
- February 13 – Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1625)[21]
- March 28 – Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1622)[22]
- March 29 – John Suckling, English politician (d. 1627)[23]
- April 10 – Countess Emilia of Nassau, German countess (d. 1629)[24]
- April 15 – Joan Shakespeare, William Shakespeare's sister (d. 1646)[25]
- April 16 – John Davies, English poet and lawyer (d. 1626)[26]
- May 20 – Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish noble (d. 1607)[27]
- June 1 – Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp, Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (d. 1634)[28]
- June 30 – Hedwig of Hesse-Kassel, countess consort of Schaumburg (d. 1644)[29]
- July 3 – Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge (d. 1635)[30]
- July 19 – Conrad Vorstius, Dutch theologian (d. 1622)[31]
- July 30 – Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1627)[32]
- August 31 – Jahangir, Mughal emperor (d. 1627)[33]
- September – Arthur Lake, English bishop, a translator of the King James Bible (d. 1626)[34]
- September 5 – Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim, officer and amateur poet (d. 1645)[35]
- September 9 – Joachim Andreas von Schlick, Czech leader (d. 1621)[36]
- September 23 – Tachibana Ginchiyo, female samurai leader of the Tachibana clan in Japan (d. 1602)
- September 24 – Ernst of Schaumburg, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schaumburg (1601–1622) (d. 1622)[37]
- September 27 – John Percy, English priest (d. 1641)[38]
- October 13 – Claude de Bullion, French Minister of Finance (d. 1640)[39]
- October 14 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (d. 1625)[40]
- November 5 – Nils Turesson Bielke, Swedish politician (d. 1639)[41]
- November 11 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German alchemist (d. 1611)[42]
- November 16 – Paul Sartorius, German composer (d. 1609)[43]
- November 18 – Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (d. 1646)[44]
- November 24 – Francis Ashley, English politician (d. 1635)[45]
- December 15 – Muzio Oddi, Italian mathematician (d. 1639)[46]
- December 18 – Jakob Hassler, German composer (d. 1622)
- December 22 – Étienne Martellange, French architect (d. 1641)[47]
- December 31 – Anna de' Medici, Tuscan princess (d. 1584)[48]
- date unknown
- Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish dramatist (d. 1631)[49]
- William Monson, British admiral (d. 1643)[50]
- Frans Pourbus the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1622)[51]
- Yodo-dono, Japanese concubine of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (d. 1615)[52]
Deaths
- January 15 – Catherine Carey lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth I of England (b. 1524)[53]
- January 20 – Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (b. c. 1488)[54]
- March 13 – Louis, Prince of Condé, French Protestant general (b. 1530)[3]
- March 17 – Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg (b. 1545)[55]
- April 15 –Maha Chakkraphat, Siamese King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (b. 1509)
- May 10 – John of Ávila, Spanish mystic and saint (b. 1500)[56]
- May 16 – Dirk Willems, Dutch Anabaptist martyr[57]
- May 17 – Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim (b. 1518)[58]
- May 26 – Vidus Vidius, Italian surgeon and anatomist (b. 1509)[59]
- May 27 – François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (b. 1521)[60]
- June 11 – Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1526)[61]
- September 5
- Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London (b. c. 1500)[62]
- Bernardo Tasso, Italian courtier and poet (b. 1493)[63]
- September 9 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish painter[64]
- September 11 – Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (b. 1530)[65]
- October 3 – Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1536)[66]
- October 9 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)[67]
- October 28 – Ludovica Torelli, Count of Guastalla (b. 1500)[68]
- November 24 – Celio Secondo Curione, Italian humanist (b. 1503)[69]
- November 29 – António Ferreira, Portuguese poet (b. 1528)[70]
- December 10 – Paul Eber, German Lutheran theologian (b. 1511)[71]
- December 15 – Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch, spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1540)[72]
- December 23 – Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. 1507)[73]
- date unknown
- Janet Beaton, Scottish noble (b. 1519)
- Elin Andersdotter, Swedish lady-in-waiting and political conspirator[74]
- Gracia Mendes Nasi, Ottoman businessperson and philanthropist (b. 1510)[75]
- Mahinthrathirat, Ayutthaya king (b. 1539)
References
- ^ a b PS, Ball (2018). Gambling in Elizabethan England : perspectives on England's 'Lotterie Generall' of 1567'Äö-69 (PhD thesis). University of Tasmania. pp. 6, 120. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ Maifreda, Germano (January 1, 2014). "15 The Jews: Institutions, Economy, and Society". A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Milan. Brill. pp. 380–405. ISBN 978-90-04-28412-8. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ a b St James Press; Anthony Levi; Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi (1992). Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789. St. James Press. p. 725. ISBN 978-1-55862-159-6.
- ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 319
- ^ a b Kurat, A. N. (1961). "The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan' in 1569 and the Problem of the Don-Volga Canal". The Slavonic and East European Review. 40 (94): 7–23. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4205320. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ Malte-Brun, Victor Adolfe (1855). La France illustrée: geographie, histoire, administration et statistique (in French). G. Barba. p. 14. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ Kubijovyc, Volodymyr (1984). Encyclopedia of Ukraine. University of Toronto Press. p. 167. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ Dupuy, Richard Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt (1993). The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 BC to the Present. HarperCollins. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-06-270056-8.
- ^ Guizot, François (1874). L'histoire de France depuis les temps les plus revules jusqu'en 1789: recontee a mes petits-enfants (in French). Hachette. p. 323. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
- ^ "Teachings of the Popes and Councils on the Blessed Virgin Mary", University of Dayton Archived October 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Douglas, James Dixon; Tenney, Merrill Chapin (1997). Diccionario Bíblico Mundo Hispano. Editorial Mundo Hispano. p. 145.
- ^ "Sagradas Escrituras (1569) Bible, SEV". biblestudytools.com. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
- ^ Marshall, Peter (January 1, 2017). Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation. Yale University Press. p. 487. ISBN 978-0-300-17062-7. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ Fornvännen (in Swedish). Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien. 1966. p. 33. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ Tapia, Atilio Sivirichi (1900). Historia del Perú y de América: virreinto y emancipación : de conformidad con el novisimo plan de estudios (in Spanish). Imprenta D. Miranda. p. 19. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ R. J. Knecht, The French Wars of Religion 1559-1598 (Longman, 1989) p.42
- ^ Crane, Nicholas (2003). Mercator: the man who mapped the planet. London: Phoenix. ISBN 0-7538-1692-X.
- ^ Frail, T. A. "The Ancient Architecture of Fatehpur Sikri". Smithsonian Magazine.
- ^ Machielsen, Jan (January 1, 2013). "Heretical Saints and Textual Discernment: The Polemical Origins of the Acta Sanctorum (1643–1940)". Angels of Light? Sanctity and the Discernment of Spirits in the Early Modern Period. Brill. pp. 103–141. ISBN 978-90-04-23370-6. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ "Massari, Lucio". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Der Globusfreund: wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für Globen- und Instrumentenkunde. Coronelli-Weltbund der Globusfreunde. 2007. p. 86. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Serie cronologica dei vescovi di Parma con alcuni cenni sui principali avvenimenti civili del canonico dottor D. Gio. M. Allodi (in Italian). P. Fiaccadori. 1856. p. 107. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ "SUCKLING, John (1569-1627), of St. Andrew's, Norwich, Norf.; Dorset Court, Fleet Street, London; Barsham, Suff. and Goodfathers, Twickenham, Mdx. | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
- ^ Bornewasser, Hans A. (1985). Nassau und Oranien: Statthalter und Könige der Niederlande (in German). Muster-Schmidt. p. 83. ISBN 978-3-7881-1739-9. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Honan, Park (October 29, 1998). Shakespeare: A Life. Clarendon Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-19-811792-6. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Pawlisch, Hans S. (July 18, 2002). Sir John Davies and the Conquest of Ireland: A Study in Legal Imperialism. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-521-52657-9. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Béthencourt, Francisco Fernández de (1904). Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquia española: casa real y grandes de España (in Spanish). Establecimiento Tipográfico de Enrique Teodoro. p. 264. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Schattkowsky, Martina (2003). Witwenschaft in der frühen Neuzeit: fürstliche und adlige Witwen zwischen Fremd- und Selbstbestimmung (in German). Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 205. ISBN 978-3-936522-79-2. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Köttelwesch, Sabine (2004). Geliebte, Gemahlinnen und Mätressen: zehn Frauenschicksale aus dem Umfeld des Kasseler Fürstenhofes (in German). Verein für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde e.V. 1834 Kassel, Zweigverein Hofgeismar. p. 35. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ "Richardson, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23584. Retrieved December 18, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Mellby, Carl August (1901). Conrad Vorstius: ein Vorkämpfer religiöser Duldung am Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts (in German). O. Schmidt. p. 32. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Haupt, Herbert (1983). Fürst Karl I. von Liechtenstein: Obersthofmeister Kaiser Rudolfs II. und Vizekönig von Böhmen : Hofstaat und Sammeltätigkeit, Edition der Quellen aus dem liechtensteinischen Hausarchiv (in German). Böhlau. p. 12. ISBN 978-3-205-06271-4. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- ^ Nagendra Kr Singh (2001). Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I-M. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 118. ISBN 978-81-7648-233-2.
- ^ Lee, Sidney (1892). DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. p. 408. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ Fischer, Adolf (1868). Geschichte des Hauses Hohenlohe (in German). Blum & Vogel'sche Buchdruckerei. p. 188. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ Lukášek, Josef (1913). Jáchym Ondřej hrabě Šlik (in Czech). Nákl. V. Horák. p. 4.
- ^ Fürst Ernst, Graf von Holstein-Schaumburg, 1569-1622: Archivalienausstellung des Niedersächsischen Staatsarchivs in Bückeburg (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 1969. p. 5. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ "Percy [alias Fisher], John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9499. Retrieved December 18, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Vergé-Franceschi, Michel (1990). Les officiers généraux de la marine royale, 1715-1774: Les parisiens. La cour (in French). Librairie de l'Inde. p. 2074. ISBN 978-2-905455-04-8. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ^ Culcasi, Carlo (1932). G. B. Marino (1569-1625) (in Italian). G.B. Paravia. p. 5. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
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