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{{C14 year in topic}}Year '''1305''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
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[[File:Clemente V cappellone degli Spagnoli.JPG|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Clement V]] (c. 1264–1314)]] |
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Year '''1305''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCCV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* [[June 21]] – King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]] dies, at the age of 33, probably of [[tuberculosis]], after a 5-year reign in [[Prague]]. He is succeeded by his 14-year-old son, [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia|Wenceslaus III]], who becomes ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]], [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]], and [[Greater Poland|Poland]]. He marries [[Viola of Teschen|Viola Elizabeth]] (or '''of Teschen'''), daughter of Duke [[Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn|Mieszko I]], and abandons his claim to Hungary in favour of [[Otto III, Duke of Bavaria|Otto III of Bavaria]] on [[October 9]]. Meanwhile, [[Władysław I Łokietek|Władysław I]] ('''the Elbow-High'''), claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.<ref>Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526'', p. 129. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.</ref><ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
* [[June 21]] – King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]] dies, at the age of 33, probably of [[tuberculosis]], after a 5-year reign in [[Prague]]. He is succeeded by his 14-year-old son, [[Wenceslaus III of Bohemia|Wenceslaus III]], who becomes ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Hungary]], [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]], and [[Greater Poland|Poland]]. He marries [[Viola of Teschen|Viola Elizabeth]] (or '''of Teschen'''), daughter of Duke [[Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn|Mieszko I]], and abandons his claim to Hungary in favour of [[Otto III, Duke of Bavaria|Otto III of Bavaria]] on [[October 9]]. Meanwhile, [[Władysław I Łokietek|Władysław I]] ('''the Elbow-High'''), claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.<ref>Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526'', p. 129. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.</ref><ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
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* October – [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]], king of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]], forces the Bohemian nobles to elect his 23-year-old son, [[Rudolf I of Bohemia|Rudolf of Habsburg]], as |
* October – [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]], king of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]], forces the Bohemian nobles to elect his 23-year-old son, [[Rudolf I of Bohemia|Rudolf of Habsburg]], as the ruler of Bohemia on the death of Wenceslaus II.<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
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==== England ==== |
==== England ==== |
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==== Religion ==== |
==== Religion ==== |
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* [[June 5]] – |
* [[June 5]] – [[Pope Clement V|Clement V]], formerly archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bordeaux|Bordeaux]], succeeds Pope [[Pope Benedict XI|Benedict XI]] as the 195th pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (until [[1314]]). |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[August 18]] – [[Ashikaga Takauji]], Japanese [[Shogun| |
* [[August 18]] – [[Ashikaga Takauji]], Japanese general ([[Shogun|''shōgun'']]) (d. [[1358]]) |
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* [[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Germany|Isabella of Aragon]], queen consort |
* [[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Germany|Isabella of Aragon]] (or '''Elisabeth'''), German queen consort (d. [[1330]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[March 1]] – [[Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria|Blanche of France]], French princess and duchess (b. [[1278]]) |
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* [[April 2]] – [[Joan I of Navarre]], French queen consort and [[regent]] (b. [[1273]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Joan I {{!}} Facts & Biography |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joan-I-queen-of-France |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
* [[April 2]] – [[Joan I of Navarre]], French queen consort and [[regent]] (b. [[1273]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Joan I {{!}} Facts & Biography |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joan-I-queen-of-France |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[April 30]] – [[Roger de Flor]], Italian [[Nobility|nobleman]] and adventurer (b. [[1267]]) |
* [[April 30]] – [[Roger de Flor]], Italian [[Nobility|nobleman]] and adventurer (b. [[1267]]) |
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* [[June 21]] – [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]], king of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (b. [[1271]]) |
* [[June 21]] – [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]], king of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and [[Greater Poland|Poland]] (b. [[1271]]) |
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* [[August 23]] – [[William Wallace]], Scottish rebel leader and knight<ref>{{cite web |title=On this day 1305: William Wallace hanged, drawn and quartered |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/on-this-day-1305-william-wallace-hanged-drawn-and-quartered-1-4210656 |website=Scotsman |access-date=22 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
* [[August 23]] – [[William Wallace]], Scottish rebel leader and knight<ref>{{cite web |title=On this day 1305: William Wallace hanged, drawn and quartered |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/on-this-day-1305-william-wallace-hanged-drawn-and-quartered-1-4210656 |website=Scotsman |access-date=22 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[October 4]] |
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* [[ |
** [[Dietrich VII, Count of Cleves|Dietrich VII]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1256]]) |
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* [[December 6]] – [[Maximus, Metropolitan of all Rus|Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev]] |
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* [[November 18]] – [[John II, Duke of Brittany|John II]], French nobleman and knight (b. [[1239]]) |
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* [[Moses de León]], Spanish rabbi (b. [[1250]]) |
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* [[Qian Xuan]], Chinese painter (b. [[1235]]) |
* [[Qian Xuan]] (or '''Shun Ju'''), Chinese official and painter (b. [[1235]]) |
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== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 18:30, 20 October 2022
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1305 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1305 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1305 MCCCV |
Ab urbe condita | 2058 |
Armenian calendar | 754 ԹՎ ՉԾԴ |
Assyrian calendar | 6055 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1226–1227 |
Bengali calendar | 712 |
Berber calendar | 2255 |
English Regnal year | 33 Edw. 1 – 34 Edw. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 1849 |
Burmese calendar | 667 |
Byzantine calendar | 6813–6814 |
Chinese calendar | 甲辰年 (Wood Dragon) 4002 or 3795 — to — 乙巳年 (Wood Snake) 4003 or 3796 |
Coptic calendar | 1021–1022 |
Discordian calendar | 2471 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1297–1298 |
Hebrew calendar | 5065–5066 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1361–1362 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1226–1227 |
- Kali Yuga | 4405–4406 |
Holocene calendar | 11305 |
Igbo calendar | 305–306 |
Iranian calendar | 683–684 |
Islamic calendar | 704–705 |
Japanese calendar | Kagen 3 (嘉元3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1216–1217 |
Julian calendar | 1305 MCCCV |
Korean calendar | 3638 |
Minguo calendar | 607 before ROC 民前607年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −163 |
Thai solar calendar | 1847–1848 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳木龙年 (male Wood-Dragon) 1431 or 1050 or 278 — to — 阴木蛇年 (female Wood-Snake) 1432 or 1051 or 279 |
Year 1305 (MCCCV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- April 30 – Co-Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) invites Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, to Adrianople and has him assassinated there. Along with de Flor, 300 horsemen and some 1,000 foot soldiers who accompanied him are killed. The plan is executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the expected results. Not only is the Company not disbanded, but its attacks on Byzantine territory becomes more severe. The period of destruction in Macedonia and Thrace after the murder of de Flor becomes known as the "Catalan Revenge".[1]
- July – Battle of Apros: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX (Palaiologos), consisting of a large contingent of Alans and Turcopoles (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near Apros. Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert en block to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.[2]
Europe
- June 21 – King Wenceslaus II dies, at the age of 33, probably of tuberculosis, after a 5-year reign in Prague. He is succeeded by his 14-year-old son, Wenceslaus III, who becomes ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland. He marries Viola Elizabeth (or of Teschen), daughter of Duke Mieszko I, and abandons his claim to Hungary in favour of Otto III of Bavaria on October 9. Meanwhile, Władysław I (the Elbow-High), claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.[3][4]
- October – Albert I, king of Germany, forces the Bohemian nobles to elect his 23-year-old son, Rudolf of Habsburg, as the ruler of Bohemia on the death of Wenceslaus II.[5]
England
- August 5 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured by English troops led by John de Menteith. He is transported to London and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to Westminster Hall. The judgement, like the trial (which last for almost three weeks), is a formality, and Wallace is condemned for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war. After the trial, he is dragged through the streets of Smithfield and executed on August 23. Wallace is hanged, drawn and quartered – strangled by hanging – but cut down while still alive, emasculated, disemboweled (with his bowels burned before him), beheaded, and then cut into four parts. Wallace's head is placed on a spike above the London Bridge, and his limbs are displayed separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth.[6]
- September – King Edward II (Longshanks) issues ordinances for the government of Scotland. He issues the first commission of Trailbaston – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also conspiracy to the list of presentments.[7]
Asia
- December 20 – Battle of Amroha: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) invade the Delhi Sultanate again in northern India. Sultan Alauddin Khalji dispatches a cavalry force led by Vizier Ghazi Malik, to repulse the Mongols. During the battle (somewhere in the Amroha district), the Delhi forces inflict a crushing defeat upon the invaders. Many Mongols are taken prisoner and incorporated into the Delhi army.[8]
By topic
Religion
- June 5 – Clement V, formerly archbishop of Bordeaux, succeeds Pope Benedict XI as the 195th pope of the Catholic Church (until 1314).
Births
- August 18 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese general (shōgun) (d. 1358)
- Isabella of Aragon (or Elisabeth), German queen consort (d. 1330)
Deaths
- March 1 – Blanche of France, French princess and duchess (b. 1278)
- April 2 – Joan I of Navarre, French queen consort and regent (b. 1273)[9]
- April 30 – Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer (b. 1267)
- June 21 – Wenceslaus II, king of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)
- August 23 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight[10]
- October 4
- Dietrich VII, German nobleman and knight (b. 1256)
- Kameyama, Japanese emperor and priest (b. 1249)
- November 18 – John II, French nobleman and knight (b. 1239)
- Qian Xuan (or Shun Ju), Chinese official and painter (b. 1235)
References
- ^ Burns, R. Ignatius (1954). "The Catalan Company and the European Powers, 1305–1311", p. 752. Speculum, Vol. 29 (4). University of Chicago Press.
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, pp. 79–82. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526, p. 129. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98, p. 88. ISBN 1-84176-510-4.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1970). "The Khalijs: Alauddin Khalij". A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526, p. 393. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress/People's Publishing House. OCLC 31870180.
- ^ "Joan I | Facts & Biography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ "On this day 1305: William Wallace hanged, drawn and quartered". Scotsman. Retrieved July 22, 2018.