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* [[Madog II ap Gruffydd, Lord of Dinas Bran|Madog II ap Gruffydd]], Welsh prince and nobleman |
* [[Madog II ap Gruffydd, Lord of Dinas Bran|Madog II ap Gruffydd]], Welsh prince and nobleman |
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* [[Mehmet I of Karaman]], Seljuk nobleman and vizier |
* [[Mehmet I of Karaman]], Seljuk nobleman and vizier |
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* [[Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]], Persian scholar, poet and writer |
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* [[Philip of Sicily]], king of [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]] ([[Capetian House of Anjou|House of Anjou]]) |
* [[Philip of Sicily]], king of [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]] ([[Capetian House of Anjou|House of Anjou]]) |
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* [[Squarcino Borri]] (or '''Scarsini'''), Italian [[condottiero]] |
* [[Squarcino Borri]] (or '''Scarsini'''), Italian [[condottiero]] |
Revision as of 13:20, 31 May 2022
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1277 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1277 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1277 MCCLXXVII |
Ab urbe condita | 2030 |
Armenian calendar | 726 ԹՎ ՉԻԶ |
Assyrian calendar | 6027 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1198–1199 |
Bengali calendar | 684 |
Berber calendar | 2227 |
English Regnal year | 5 Edw. 1 – 6 Edw. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 1821 |
Burmese calendar | 639 |
Byzantine calendar | 6785–6786 |
Chinese calendar | 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 3974 or 3767 — to — 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 3975 or 3768 |
Coptic calendar | 993–994 |
Discordian calendar | 2443 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1269–1270 |
Hebrew calendar | 5037–5038 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1333–1334 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1198–1199 |
- Kali Yuga | 4377–4378 |
Holocene calendar | 11277 |
Igbo calendar | 277–278 |
Iranian calendar | 655–656 |
Islamic calendar | 675–676 |
Japanese calendar | Kenji 3 (建治3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1187–1188 |
Julian calendar | 1277 MCCLXXVII |
Korean calendar | 3610 |
Minguo calendar | 635 before ROC 民前635年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −191 |
Thai solar calendar | 1819–1820 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1403 or 1022 or 250 — to — 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1404 or 1023 or 251 |
Year 1277 (MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- March 19 – Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) concludes an agreement with the Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of Charles I, king of Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.[1]
- Battle of Pharsalus: Michael III (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under John Synadenos to invade Thessaly. The Byzantines are defeated by Greek forces under John I (Doukas), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near Pharsalus (or Old Pharsalus). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and Michael Kaballarios, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.[2]
Europe
- March 18 – Charles I, king of Sicily, buys the title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem from Maria of Antioch, for 1,000 bezants and an annual payment of 4,000 livres tournois.[3][4]
England
- July – Joined by a force of some 800 cavalry and 2,500 infantry at Worcester, King Edward I (Longshanks) moves north to Chester. Edward's forces then proceed to move along the north coast of Wales, using St George's Cross for the first time, as the national flag of England. He advances through dense forest, which offers the Welsh good opportunities to launch surprise attacks on the English troops. Edward builds a wide road through the forests, building fortified posts along the way. The force of soldiers is on a 40-days service agreement and after that, they return home. Edward retains some by paying them extra for their services.[5]
- November 10 – Treaty of Aberconwy: Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Edward I (Longshanks) sign a peace treaty which leaves Llywelyn only with the western part of Gwynedd. Edward demands payment of £50,000 and all of Llywelyn's territories. He demands that Gwynedd shall be handed over if Llywelyn dies without a male heir. Llywelyn swears fealty to Edward at Rhuddlan and at a ceremony at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day.
- Roger Bacon, Franciscan friar and University of Oxford lecturer, is arrested for spreading anti-Church views; specifically, the Church's stance on Greek philosopher Galen.[6]
Levant
- April 15 – Battle of Elbistan: A Mamluk army (some 14,000 men) under Sultan Baibars marches from Syria into the Mongol-dominated Sultanate of Rum and attacks the Mongol occupation force at Elbistan. Baibars, with at least 10,000 horsemen, defeats and overwhelms the Mongol forces. After the battle, he marches unopposed to Kayseri in the heart of Anatolia in triumph and enters the city on April 23.[7]
Asia
- Battle of Ngasaunggyan: A Burmese army (some 80,000 men) led by King Narathihapate (or Sithu IV) invades Mongol territory in Yunnan. The invasion is repelled by the Mongol forces, who counter-attack, reaching as far south as the fortress city of Kaungsin ("Gold Teeth"), which guards the Bhamo Pass in northern Myanmar. Later, the Burmese Pagan Empire begins to disintegrate after several Mongol invasions under Kublai Khan.[8]
- Migration of the (Southern) Song Dynasty: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song Dynasty in China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the Yuan Dynasty. They also stay for a short period in Kowloon (or New Kowloon).[9]
- In Japan, a 20 kilometer stone wall defending the coast of Hakata Bay at Fukuoka on the island of Kyushu is completed; it is built in response to the attempted invasion by the Mongol Yuan Dynasty (see 1274).
By topic
Religion
- March 7 – Condemnation of 1277: Pope John XXI instructs Étienne Tempier, bishop of Paris, to investigate the complaints of theologians in France. By order 219 propositions of philosophical and theological doctrines such as Averroism are prohibited from discussion in the University of Paris, under a decree promulgated by Tempier.[10]
- April – John XXI sends a papal embassy to Constantinople to force Michael VIII (Palaiologos), his 18-year-old son and heir Andronikos, and Patriarch John XI Bekkos, to reaffirm their allegiance to the Union of Lyon in the Palace of Blachernae. Michael refuses to accept a religious union of the Greek Orthodox Church with Rome.[11]
- May 20 – Pope John XXI dies after an 8-month pontificate at Viterbo. He is succeeded by Nicholas III as the 188th pope of the Catholic Church (until 1280).
Births
- Isabella of Mar, wife of Robert I (the Bruce) (d. 1296)
- Martha of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1341)
- Smbat I (or Sempad), king of Cilician Armenia (d. 1310)
Deaths
- January 17 – Chen Wenlong, Chinese general (b. 1232)
- May 1 – Stefan Uroš I (the Great), king of Serbia
- May 20 – John XXI, pope of the Catholic Church
- July 1 – Baibars (or Abu al-Futuh), Mamluk sultan
- July 14 – Humbert of Romans, French friar and writer
- August 2 – Mu'in al-Din Parwana, Seljuk statesman
- September 29 – Balian of Arsuf, Cypriot nobleman
- October 17 – Beatrice of Falkenburg, German queen
- October 27 – Walter de Merton, bishop of Rochester
- December 13 – John I, German nobleman (b. 1242)
- Folke Johansson (Angelus), Swedish archbishop
- Frederick II, German nobleman (House of Isenburg)
- Frederick of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (b. 1223)
- Guo Kan, Chinese general and politician (b. 1217)
- Jacopo da Leona, Italian secretary, jurist and poet
- Joachim Gutkeled, Hungarian nobleman and knight[12]
- Licoricia of Winchester, English businesswoman
- Madog II ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince and nobleman
- Mehmet I of Karaman, Seljuk nobleman and vizier
- Muhaqqiq al-Hilli, Persian scholar, poet and writer
- Philip of Sicily, king of Sardinia (House of Anjou)
- Squarcino Borri (or Scarsini), Italian condottiero
References
- ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1988). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 197–201. ISBN 0-521-34157-4.
- ^ Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC 101176343.
- ^ Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century, p. 173. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60474-2.
- ^ Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusaders. Routledge. p. 119. ISBN 9781135131371.
- ^ Perrin, W. G. (1922). British Flags. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
- ^ Wilkinson, Alf (2016). Health and the People. Hodder Education. p. 19. ISBN 9781471864216.
- ^ Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995). Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Illkhanid War, 1260–1281, p. 174. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-46226-6.
- ^ Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.
- ^ Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia, p. 169. ISBN 978-1-61069-017-1.
- ^ Duhem, Pierre (1913). "History of Physics". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 276. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC 101176343.
- ^ Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 356. ISBN 963-547-085-1.