Content deleted Content added
Added details Battle of Ngasaunggyan (1277 |
Added details Migration of the Song Dynasty (1276–79 |
||
Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
* [[March 19]] – [[Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277|Byzantine–Venetian Treaty]]: Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos|Michael VIII]] ('''Palaiologos''') concludes an agreement with the [[Republic of Venice]]. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles I]], king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.<ref>{{Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations|pages=197–201}}</ref> |
* [[March 19]] – [[Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277|Byzantine–Venetian Treaty]]: Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos|Michael VIII]] ('''Palaiologos''') concludes an agreement with the [[Republic of Venice]]. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles I]], king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]], to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.<ref>{{Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations|pages=197–201}}</ref> |
||
* [[Battle of Pharsalus (1277)|Battle of Pharsalus]]: Michael III ('''Palaiologos''') sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under [[John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches)|John Synadenos]] to invade [[Thessaly]]. The Byzantines are defeated by Greek forces under [[John I Doukas of Thessaly|John I]] ('''Doukas'''), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near [[Pharsalus]] (or '''Old Pharsalus'''). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and [[Michael Kaballarios]], commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.<ref>Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). ''Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations'', p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. {{OCLC|101176343}}.</ref> |
* [[Battle of Pharsalus (1277)|Battle of Pharsalus]]: Michael III ('''Palaiologos''') sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under [[John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches)|John Synadenos]] to invade [[Thessaly]]. The Byzantines are defeated by Greek forces under [[John I Doukas of Thessaly|John I]] ('''Doukas'''), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near [[Pharsalus]] (or '''Old Pharsalus'''). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and [[Michael Kaballarios]], commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.<ref>Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). ''Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations'', p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. {{OCLC|101176343}}.</ref> |
||
* [[April 15]] – [[Battle of Elbistan]]: [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] sultan [[Baibars]] invades the [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm]], and defeats a |
* [[April 15]] – [[Battle of Elbistan]]: [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] sultan [[Baibars]] invades the [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm]], and defeats a Mongol army. |
||
* [[November 25]] – [[Pope Nicholas III]] succeeds [[Pope John XXI]], as the 188th [[pope]]. |
* [[November 25]] – [[Pope Nicholas III]] succeeds [[Pope John XXI]], as the 188th [[pope]]. |
||
⚫ | * Some 50,000 |
||
* The [[Treaty of Aberconwy]] is signed by [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], Prince of [[Wales]], and King [[Edward I of England]], ending the First Welsh War, in exchange for restrictions on Llywelyn's power. |
* The [[Treaty of Aberconwy]] is signed by [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], Prince of [[Wales]], and King [[Edward I of England]], ending the First Welsh War, in exchange for restrictions on Llywelyn's power. |
||
* [[St George's Cross]] is first recorded in use, as the national [[flag]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book|first=W. G.|last=Perrin|title=British Flags|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169115|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1922|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169115/page/n55 37]}}</ref> |
* [[St George's Cross]] is first recorded in use, as the national [[flag]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book|first=W. G.|last=Perrin|title=British Flags|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169115|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1922|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169115/page/n55 37]}}</ref> |
||
Line 21: | Line 20: | ||
==== Asia ==== |
==== Asia ==== |
||
* [[Battle of Ngasaunggyan]]: A Burmese army (some 80,000 men) led by King [[Narathihapate]] (or '''Sithu IV''') invades Mongol territory in [[Yunnan]]. The invasion is repelled by the Mongol forces, who counter-attack, reaching as far south as the fortress city of [[Yingjiang County|Kaungsin]] ("Gold Teeth"), which guards the [[Bhamo|Bhamo Pass]] in northern [[Myanmar]]. Later, the Burmese [[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan Empire]] begins to disintegrate after several [[First Mongol invasion of Burma#Border war (1277–1278)|Mongol invasions]] under [[Kublai Khan]].<ref>[[Than Tun]] (1964). ''Studies in Burmese History'' (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.</ref> |
* [[Battle of Ngasaunggyan]]: A Burmese army (some 80,000 men) led by King [[Narathihapate]] (or '''Sithu IV''') invades Mongol territory in [[Yunnan]]. The invasion is repelled by the Mongol forces, who counter-attack, reaching as far south as the fortress city of [[Yingjiang County|Kaungsin]] ("Gold Teeth"), which guards the [[Bhamo|Bhamo Pass]] in northern [[Myanmar]]. Later, the Burmese [[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan Empire]] begins to disintegrate after several [[First Mongol invasion of Burma#Border war (1277–1278)|Mongol invasions]] under [[Kublai Khan]].<ref>[[Than Tun]] (1964). ''Studies in Burmese History'' (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.</ref> |
||
⚫ | * Migration of the (Southern) [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]]: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song Dynasty in [[China]] become the first recorded inhabitants of [[Macau]], as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]]. They also stay for a short period in [[Kowloon]] (or '''New Kowloon''').<ref>Minahan, James B. (2014). ''Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia'', p. 169. {{ISBN|978-1-61069-017-1}}.</ref> |
||
=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
Revision as of 13:30, 30 May 2022
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1277 by topic |
---|
Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1277 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1277 MCCLXXVII |
Ab urbe condita | 2030 |
Armenian calendar | 726 ԹՎ ՉԻԶ |
Assyrian calendar | 6027 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1198–1199 |
Bengali calendar | 684 |
Berber calendar | 2227 |
English Regnal year | 5 Edw. 1 – 6 Edw. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 1821 |
Burmese calendar | 639 |
Byzantine calendar | 6785–6786 |
Chinese calendar | 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 3974 or 3767 — to — 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 3975 or 3768 |
Coptic calendar | 993–994 |
Discordian calendar | 2443 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1269–1270 |
Hebrew calendar | 5037–5038 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1333–1334 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1198–1199 |
- Kali Yuga | 4377–4378 |
Holocene calendar | 11277 |
Igbo calendar | 277–278 |
Iranian calendar | 655–656 |
Islamic calendar | 675–676 |
Japanese calendar | Kenji 3 (建治3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1187–1188 |
Julian calendar | 1277 MCCLXXVII |
Korean calendar | 3610 |
Minguo calendar | 635 before ROC 民前635年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −191 |
Thai solar calendar | 1819–1820 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1403 or 1022 or 250 — to — 阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1404 or 1023 or 251 |
Year 1277 (MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
- March 18 – Charles of Anjou buys the title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem from Mary of Antioch, for 1,000 bezants and an annual payment of 4,000 livres tournois.[1]
- March 19 – Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) concludes an agreement with the Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of Charles I, king of Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.[2]
- Battle of Pharsalus: Michael III (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under John Synadenos to invade Thessaly. The Byzantines are defeated by Greek forces under John I (Doukas), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near Pharsalus (or Old Pharsalus). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and Michael Kaballarios, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.[3]
- April 15 – Battle of Elbistan: Mamluk sultan Baibars invades the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, and defeats a Mongol army.
- November 25 – Pope Nicholas III succeeds Pope John XXI, as the 188th pope.
- The Treaty of Aberconwy is signed by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales, and King Edward I of England, ending the First Welsh War, in exchange for restrictions on Llywelyn's power.
- St George's Cross is first recorded in use, as the national flag of England.[4]
- In Japan, a 20 kilometer stone wall defending the coast of Hakata Bay in Fukuoka is completed; it is built in response to the attempted invasion by the Yuan Dynasty in 1274.
- In England, Roger Bacon, a Franciscan friar and University of Oxford lecturer, is arrested for spreading anti-Church views; specifically, the Church's stance on Greek philosopher Galen.[5]
Asia
- Battle of Ngasaunggyan: A Burmese army (some 80,000 men) led by King Narathihapate (or Sithu IV) invades Mongol territory in Yunnan. The invasion is repelled by the Mongol forces, who counter-attack, reaching as far south as the fortress city of Kaungsin ("Gold Teeth"), which guards the Bhamo Pass in northern Myanmar. Later, the Burmese Pagan Empire begins to disintegrate after several Mongol invasions under Kublai Khan.[6]
- Migration of the (Southern) Song Dynasty: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song Dynasty in China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the Yuan Dynasty. They also stay for a short period in Kowloon (or New Kowloon).[7]
By topic
Religion
- March 7 – Condemnation of 1277: Pope John XXI instructs Étienne Tempier, bishop of Paris, to investigate the complaints of theologians in France. By order 219 propositions of philosophical and theological doctrines such as Averroism are prohibited from discussion in the University of Paris, under a decree promulgated by Tempier.[8]
- April – John XXI sends a papal embassy to Constantinople to force Michael VIII (Palaiologos), his 18-year-old son and heir Andronikos, and Patriarch John XI Bekkos, to reaffirm their allegiance to the Union of Lyon in the Palace of Blachernae. Michael refuses to accept a religious union of the Greek Orthodox Church with Rome.[9]
Births
- Isabella of Mar, wife of Robert I (the Bruce) (d. 1296)
- Martha of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1341)
- Smbat I (or Sempad), king of Cilician Armenia (d. 1310)
Deaths
- January 17 – Chen Wenlong, Chinese general (b. 1232)
- May 1 – Stefan Uroš I (the Great), king of Serbia
- May 20 – John XXI, pope of the Catholic Church
- July 1 – Baibars (or Abu al-Futuh), Mamluk ruler
- August 2 – Mu'in al-Din Parwana, Seljuk statesman
- September 29 – Balian of Arsuf, Cypriot nobleman
- October 17 – Beatrice of Falkenburg, German queen
- October 27 – Walter de Merton, bishop of Rochester
- Folke Johansson (Angelus), Swedish archbishop
- Frederick II, German nobleman (House of Isenburg)
- Frederick of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (b. 1223)
- Jacopo da Leona, Italian secretary, jurist and poet
- Joachim Gutkeled, Hungarian nobleman and knight[10]
- Licoricia of Winchester, English businesswoman
- Philip of Sicily, king of Sardinia (House of Anjou)
- Squarcino Borri (or Scarsini), Italian condottiero
References
- ^ Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 119. ISBN 9781135131371.
- ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1988). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 197–201. ISBN 0-521-34157-4.
- ^ Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC 101176343.
- ^ Perrin, W. G. (1922). British Flags. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
- ^ Wilkinson, Alf (2016). Health and the People. Hodder Education. p. 19. ISBN 9781471864216.
- ^ Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.
- ^ Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia, p. 169. ISBN 978-1-61069-017-1.
- ^ Duhem, Pierre (1913). "History of Physics". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 276. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC 101176343.
- ^ Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 356. ISBN 963-547-085-1.