Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
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Years: |
1274 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1274 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1274 MCCLXXIV |
Ab urbe condita | 2027 |
Armenian calendar | 723 ԹՎ ՉԻԳ |
Assyrian calendar | 6024 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1195–1196 |
Bengali calendar | 681 |
Berber calendar | 2224 |
English Regnal year | 2 Edw. 1 – 3 Edw. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 1818 |
Burmese calendar | 636 |
Byzantine calendar | 6782–6783 |
Chinese calendar | 癸酉年 (Water Rooster) 3971 or 3764 — to — 甲戌年 (Wood Dog) 3972 or 3765 |
Coptic calendar | 990–991 |
Discordian calendar | 2440 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1266–1267 |
Hebrew calendar | 5034–5035 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1330–1331 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1195–1196 |
- Kali Yuga | 4374–4375 |
Holocene calendar | 11274 |
Igbo calendar | 274–275 |
Iranian calendar | 652–653 |
Islamic calendar | 672–673 |
Japanese calendar | Bun'ei 11 (文永11年) |
Javanese calendar | 1184–1185 |
Julian calendar | 1274 MCCLXXIV |
Korean calendar | 3607 |
Minguo calendar | 638 before ROC 民前638年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −194 |
Thai solar calendar | 1816–1817 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴水鸡年 (female Water-Rooster) 1400 or 1019 or 247 — to — 阳木狗年 (male Wood-Dog) 1401 or 1020 or 248 |
Year 1274 (MCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Africa
- The Marinid amir, Abu Yusuf Yaqub, enters peacefully into Ceuta, putting an end to some 40 years of the city's independence.[1]
Asia
- October 5 – November 20: Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty attempts the first of two Mongol invasions of Japan (30,000 soldiers and support personnel sail from Korea); after the Mongols capture the islands of Tsushima and Iki, they are repulsed on the main island of Kyushu at the Battle of Bun'ei by amassed Japanese warriors and a strong storm which batters their forces and fleet. Credit for the storm – called a kamikaze, or divine wind – is given by the Japanese to the god Raijin.
- Nichiren, founder of Nichiren Buddhism, enters exile on Mount Minobu.
Europe
- May 7 – Second Council of Lyon: Pope Gregory X convenes a council at Lyon, after Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) gives assurances that the Orthodox Church is prepared to reunite with Rome. The council agrees to a settlement between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church over several key issues – Orthodox acceptance of papal primacy and the acceptance of the Nicene Creed with the Filioque clause. Gregory approves a tithe to support efforts to liberate the Holy Land from Muslims, and reaches apparent resolution of the schism, which ultimately proves unsuccessful. All but four mendicant orders of friars are suppressed. Catholic teaching on Purgatory is defined for the first time.[2]
- November – The Imperial Diet at Nuremberg orders that all crown estates seized since the death of Emperor Frederick II be restored to King Rudolf I. Almost all European rulers agree, with the exception of Ottokar II, king of Bohemia, who has benefited greatly by conquering or otherwise coming into possession of many of those lands.
England
- August 2
- King Edward I of England finally returns from the Ninth Crusade to England, to be crowned king, two years after his father King Henry III's death.
- His interim chancellor and effective regent, Walter de Merton retires from royal service, to make the final revisions to his statutes for the foundation of Merton College, Oxford, and take up the post of Bishop of Rochester.
- One of Edward's first acts is to enforce a decree, requiring all English Jews to wear yellow badges.
- The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book (completed in 1086), is begun; it lasts until 1275.
By topic
Literature
- Bonvesin da la Riva, Italian poet, writes the didactic-allegoric poem Liber di Tre Scricciur ("Book of the Three Scriptures"). The text is in the Western Lombard language (similar to other Gallo-Italic languages). The poem is one of the first great literary works in Italy. It tells about Hell, the Passion of Jesus and Paradise; the plot later prefigures Dante Alighieri in his Divine Comedy (or La Divina Commedia).[3]
- May 1 – In Florence, the 9-year-old Dante first sees the 8-year-old Beatrice, his lifelong muse. She appears later as one of his guides in the Divine Comedy, Paradiso and Purgatorio.[4]
Religion
- Pope Gregory X decrees that conclaves (gatherings of the College of Cardinals where the elections of a bishop of Rome are convened) should be used for papal elections, reforming the electoral process which had taken over 3 years to elect him.
- Gregory X obtains the region of Romagna from Rudolf I, in exchange for acknowledging him as Holy Roman Emperor. With this important acquisition, the Papal States become the second-largest power block in Italy after the Kingdom of Sicily.[5]
Births
- February 9 – Saint Louis of Toulouse (d. 1297)
- July 11 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (d. 1329)
- Eric VI of Denmark (d. 1319)
- Béatrice de Planisoles, French noble Cathar (approximate date)
- Adam Murimuth, English ecclesiastic and chronicler (approximate date; d. 1347)
- Marchetto da Padova, Italian music theorist (approximate date)
- Imam Dhahabi, Syrian scholar
Deaths
- February 19 – Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Afghan Sufi poet (b. 1177)
- March 7 – Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (b. 1225)
- May 3 – Áed mac Felidlimid Ó Conchobair, king of Connacht
- June 26 – Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (b. 1201)
- July 15 – Bonaventure, Italian theologian and philosopher (b. 1221)
- July 22 – Henry I (the Fat), king of Navarre (House of Blois) (b. 1244)
- August 12 – Du Zong (or Zhao Qi), Chinese emperor (b. 1240)
- August 15 – Robert de Sorbon, French monk and theologian (b. 1201)
- September 2 – Munetaka, Japanese prince and shogun (b. 1242)
- November 10 – Aveline de Forz, English noblewoman (b. 1259)
- Henry I Kőszegi (the Great), Hungarian nobleman (b. 1210)[6]
- William of Douglas (Longleg), Scottish nobleman (b. 1220)
In Fiction
- The video-game Ghost of Tsushima is set in the year 1274.[7]
References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- ^ "Denzinger EN 824". The Sources of Catholic Dogma (Enchiridion Symbolorum). Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
{{cite web}}
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/|archive-url=
timestamp mismatch; April 11, 2019 suggested (help) - ^ Peter E. Bondanella (2003). The Inferno, Introduction, p. XI, Barnes & Noble Classics. ISBN 1-59308-051-4.
- ^ Dante Alighieri (2013). Delphi Complete Works of Dante Alighieri. Vol. 6 (Illustrated ed.). Delphi Classics. ISBN 978-1-909496-19-4..
- ^ Gabriele Esposito (2019). Osprey: Armies of the Medieval Italian Wars 1125–1325, p. 36. ISBN 978-1-4728-3340-2.
- ^ Szűcs, Jenő (2002). Az utolsó Árpádok [The Last Árpáds] (in Hungarian). Osiris Kiadó. ISBN 963-389-271-6.
- ^ "Ghost of Old – Sucker Punch Productions".