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* [[April 4]] – Egyptian forces |
* [[April 4]] – Egyptian forces led by Sultan [[Baibars]] (or '''Abu al-Futuh''') attack [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], there is severe fighting outside the walls, in which the seneschal, [[Geoffrey of Sergines]], is badly wounded. Baibars is not yet ready to besiege the city and begins a major campaign to eliminate the Crusader kingdom of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], the county of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]] and the principality of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 265. {{ISBN|978-0241-29877-0}}.</ref><ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 145. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref> |
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=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
Revision as of 17:00, 6 April 2022
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1263 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1263 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1263 MCCLXIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2016 |
Armenian calendar | 712 ԹՎ ՉԺԲ |
Assyrian calendar | 6013 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1184–1185 |
Bengali calendar | 670 |
Berber calendar | 2213 |
English Regnal year | 47 Hen. 3 – 48 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1807 |
Burmese calendar | 625 |
Byzantine calendar | 6771–6772 |
Chinese calendar | 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 3960 or 3753 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 3961 or 3754 |
Coptic calendar | 979–980 |
Discordian calendar | 2429 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1255–1256 |
Hebrew calendar | 5023–5024 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1319–1320 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1184–1185 |
- Kali Yuga | 4363–4364 |
Holocene calendar | 11263 |
Igbo calendar | 263–264 |
Iranian calendar | 641–642 |
Islamic calendar | 661–662 |
Japanese calendar | Kōchō 3 (弘長3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1173–1174 |
Julian calendar | 1263 MCCLXIII |
Korean calendar | 3596 |
Minguo calendar | 649 before ROC 民前649年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −205 |
Thai solar calendar | 1805–1806 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳水狗年 (male Water-Dog) 1389 or 1008 or 236 — to — 阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1390 or 1009 or 237 |
Year 1263 (MCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Summer – Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, Constantine Palaiologos, to the Peloponnese in southern Greece. The army is transported to Monemvasia on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in Euboea and the Cyclades. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to Lacedaemon (or Sparta), while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of Laconia.[1]
- Battle of Prinitza: Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers Eurotas and Alfeios towards the Achaean capital, Andravida. At a narrow pass at Prinitza (near Ancient Olympia) in Elis, the Byzantines are attacked by Achaean forces (some 300 horsemen) under John of Katavas, who inflict a resounding defeat upon them; many Byzantine soldiers are killed. Constantine himself barely escapes with his life, and flees with the remainder of his army to the safety of Mystras.[2][3]
- Battle of Settepozzi: A Byzantine-Genoese fleet (some 50 galleys) is routed by the Venetians near Spetses in the Argolic Gulf, who capture four ships and inflict considerable casualties. Later, the Genoese that survive the battle managed to capture Chania on Crete. They receive orders to avoid direct confrontations with the Venetian fleet, but instead are engaged in raiding against the Venetian merchant convoys in the Euripus Strait.[4]
Europe
- July – Scottish–Norwegian War: King Haakon IV (the Old) assembles a fleet (some 120 warships), and sets sail to defend the Hebrides, in an attempt to reassert Norwegian sovereignty over the Western Isles of Scotland. Haakon stops at the Isle of Arran – where in August negotiations are started with the 21-year-old King Alexander III. The talks are prolonged by the Scots until the autumn storms begin.[5]
- October 2 – Battle of Largs: Scottish forces under Alexander Stewart rout a Viking invasion force led by Haakon IV at Largs in North Ayrshire. The battle is inconclusive, on the morning of October 3, the Norwegians return to collect their dead and burn their beached ships. By the end of October, the Viking fleet reaches Orkney, where Haakon becomes ill and dies at the Bishop's Palace, on December 16.[6]
- December – Magnus VI (the Law-mender) succeeds his father Haakon IV (the Old) as king of Norway. The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to Magnus – bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Age of the Sturlungs.
- Mindaugas (Mendog), the only Christian king of Lithuania, is assassinated by his cousin Treniota. The country reverts to paganism and loses its status as a kingdom. Treniota usurps the throne (until 1264).
- King James I (the Conqueror) captures Crevillent from the Moors and becomes a part of the Kingdom of Valencia during the Reconquista.
- Winter – King Alfonso X (the Wise) conquers Niebla from the Moors, terminating any Muslim presence in the western region of Spain.[7]
Levant
- April 4 – Egyptian forces led by Sultan Baibars (or Abu al-Futuh) attack Acre, there is severe fighting outside the walls, in which the seneschal, Geoffrey of Sergines, is badly wounded. Baibars is not yet ready to besiege the city and begins a major campaign to eliminate the Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem, the county of Tripoli and the principality of Antioch.[8][9]
By topic
Arts and Culture
- The Savoy Palace is constructed in London by Peter II, Count of Savoy.
Education
- Balliol College, Oxford is founded by John I de Balliol.
Markets
- Edward, heir to the throne of England, seizes £10,000, which had been deposited to the trust of the Knights Templar in London, by foreign merchants and English magnates.[10]
- The Bonsignori firm gains the full market of the transfer of fiscal revenue, from the papal estates to Rome.[11]
Religion
- Nahmanides, chief rabbi of Catalonia, defends the Talmud in an important disputation against Pablo Christiani, before King James I of Aragon.
- The doctrines of theologian Joachim of Fiore are condemned as heresy by the Roman Catholic Church, at a synod in Arles.
Births
- January 22 – Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian philosopher (d. 1328)
- March 20 – Yolande of Dreux, queen of Scotland (d. 1330)
- Theobald II, German nobleman and knight (d. 1312)
Deaths
- January 16 – Shinran Shonin, founder of Shin Buddhism (b. 1173)
- March 19 – Hugh of Saint-Cher, French friar and cardinal-bishop
- November 14 – Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod
- December 16 – Haakon IV (the Old), king of Norway (b. 1204)
- December 24 – Hōjō Tokiyori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1227)
- Boniface, Savoyan nobleman (House of Savoy) (b. 1245)
- Manuel I (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond
- Mindaugas (or Mendog), king of Lithuania (b. 1203)
References
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, p. 49. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1977). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, p. 50. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Longnon, Jean (1969). The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311, pp. 253–254. In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 234–275. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Lane, Frederic Chapin (1973). Venice, A Maritime Republic, p. 77. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-1445-6.
- ^ Helle, Knut (1995). Under kirke og kongemakt: 1130-1350, p. 196. Aschehougs Norgeshistorie. Vol. 3. Aschehoug. ISBN 8203220312.
- ^ McDonald, Russell Andrew (1997). The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 100–c. 1336, p. 115. Scottish Historical Monographs, Tuckwell Press. ISBN 1-898410-85-2.
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 265. ISBN 978-0241-29877-0.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 145. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1).
- ^ Catoni, Giuliano. "BONSIGNORI". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.