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==== Byzantine Empire ==== |
==== Byzantine Empire ==== |
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* Summer – Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos|Michael VIII]] ('''Palaiologos''') sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, [[Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)|Constantine Palaiologos]], to the [[Peloponnese]] in southern [[Greece]]. The army is transported to [[Monemvasia]] on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in [[Euboea]] and the [[Cyclades]]. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to [[Sparta|Lacedaemon]] (or '''Sparta'''), while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of [[Laconia]].<ref>Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). ''The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453'', p. 49. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-1620-2}}.</ref> |
* Summer – Emperor [[Michael VIII Palaiologos|Michael VIII]] ('''Palaiologos''') sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, [[Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)|Constantine Palaiologos]], to the [[Peloponnese]] in southern [[Greece]]. The army is transported to [[Monemvasia]] on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in [[Euboea]] and the [[Cyclades]]. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to [[Sparta|Lacedaemon]] (or '''Sparta'''), while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of [[Laconia]].<ref>Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). ''The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453'', p. 49. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-1620-2}}.</ref> |
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* [[Battle of Prinitza]]: Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers [[Eurotas (river)|Eurotas]] and [[Alfeios]] towards the Achaean capital, [[Andravida]]. At a narrow pass at Prinitza (near [[Olympia, Greece|Ancient Olympia]]) in [[Elis]], the Byzantines are attacked by Achaean forces (some 300 horsemen) under [[John of Katavas]], who inflict a resounding defeat upon them; many Byzantine soldiers are killed. Constantine himself barely escapes with his life, and flees with the remainder of his army to the safety of [[Mystras]].<ref>Bartusis, Mark C. (1977). ''The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453'', p. 50. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-1620-2}}.</ref><ref>Longnon, Jean (1969). ''The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311'', pp. 253–254. In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311'', pp. 234–275. University of Wisconsin Press. {{ISBN|0-299-06670-3}}.</ref> |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
Revision as of 17:40, 5 April 2022
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1263 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1263 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1263 MCCLXIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2016 |
Armenian calendar | 712 ԹՎ ՉԺԲ |
Assyrian calendar | 6013 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1184–1185 |
Bengali calendar | 670 |
Berber calendar | 2213 |
English Regnal year | 47 Hen. 3 – 48 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1807 |
Burmese calendar | 625 |
Byzantine calendar | 6771–6772 |
Chinese calendar | 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 3960 or 3753 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 3961 or 3754 |
Coptic calendar | 979–980 |
Discordian calendar | 2429 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1255–1256 |
Hebrew calendar | 5023–5024 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1319–1320 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1184–1185 |
- Kali Yuga | 4363–4364 |
Holocene calendar | 11263 |
Igbo calendar | 263–264 |
Iranian calendar | 641–642 |
Islamic calendar | 661–662 |
Japanese calendar | Kōchō 3 (弘長3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1173–1174 |
Julian calendar | 1263 MCCLXIII |
Korean calendar | 3596 |
Minguo calendar | 649 before ROC 民前649年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −205 |
Thai solar calendar | 1805–1806 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳水狗年 (male Water-Dog) 1389 or 1008 or 236 — to — 阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1390 or 1009 or 237 |
Year 1263 (MCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Summer – Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, Constantine Palaiologos, to the Peloponnese in southern Greece. The army is transported to Monemvasia on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in Euboea and the Cyclades. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to Lacedaemon (or Sparta), while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of Laconia.[1]
- Battle of Prinitza: Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers Eurotas and Alfeios towards the Achaean capital, Andravida. At a narrow pass at Prinitza (near Ancient Olympia) in Elis, the Byzantines are attacked by Achaean forces (some 300 horsemen) under John of Katavas, who inflict a resounding defeat upon them; many Byzantine soldiers are killed. Constantine himself barely escapes with his life, and flees with the remainder of his army to the safety of Mystras.[2][3]
Europe
- July – Scottish–Norwegian War: Haakon IV of Norway sets sail to defend the Hebrides, against Alexander III of Scotland.
- October 2 – Battle of Largs: an inconclusive battle in the Scottish–Norwegian War fought in Scotland, between kings Haakon IV of Norway and Alexander III of Scotland.
- Mindaugas, the only Christian king of Lithuania, is assassinated by his cousin Treniota.
- The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to the King of Norway, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Age of the Sturlungs.
- Based on Magdeburg Law, Żnin (Poland) is given city rights.
- First half of the year – Battle of Settepozzi: A Venetian fleet defeats a superior Genoese-Byzantine fleet.
- King James I of Aragon conquers Crevillente, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.
- Alfonso X of Castile conquers Niebla from Ibn Mahfuz, thus terminating any Muslim presence in the western part of the peninsula.[4]
- Genoa captures the city of Chania on Crete, from the Venetians.
By topic
Arts and Culture
- The Savoy Palace is constructed in London by Peter II, Count of Savoy.
Education
- Balliol College, Oxford is founded by John I de Balliol.
Markets
- Edward, heir to the throne of England, seizes £10,000, which had been deposited to the trust of the Knights Templar in London, by foreign merchants and English magnates.[5]
- The Bonsignori firm gains the full market of the transfer of fiscal revenue, from the papal estates to Rome.[6]
Religion
- Nahmanides, chief rabbi of Catalonia, defends the Talmud in an important disputation against Pablo Christiani, before King James I of Aragon.
- The doctrines of theologian Joachim of Fiore are condemned as heresy by the Roman Catholic Church, at a synod in Arles.
Births
- January 22 – Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian philosopher and jurist (d. 1328)
- Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1312)
- Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland (d. 1322)
Deaths
- January 16 – Shinran Shonin, Japanese founder of the Jodo Shinshu branch of Pure Land Buddhism (b. 1173)
- March – Manuel I Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond
- March 19 – Hugh of Saint-Cher, French cardinal
- November 8 – Matilda of Béthune, French countess
- November 14 – Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
- December 16 – King Haakon IV of Norway (b. 1204)
- December 24 – Hōjō Tokiyori, regent of Japan (b. 1227)
- Boniface, Count of Savoy
- Boroldai, general of the Golden Horde
- Chandrabhanu, Thai king of Tambralinga
- Hamo de Crevecoeur, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
- Mindaugas of Lithuania
References
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, p. 49. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1977). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453, p. 50. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Longnon, Jean (1969). The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311, pp. 253–254. In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 234–275. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ^ Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review. 8 (1).
- ^ Catoni, Giuliano. "BONSIGNORI". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved December 20, 2011.