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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] invades the [[Romagna]] and [[Tuscany]], hoping to capture [[Rome]]. He appoints his 21-year-old son, [[Enzo of Sardinia]], as imperial [[vicar general]] for Northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. Frederick also threatens with war against [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], who has sent ships to blockade the harbors on [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]. In order to finance his growing need for arms, he institutes an administrative reorganization of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (among others, the formation of 10 vice regencies). |
* Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] invades the [[Romagna]] and [[Tuscany]], hoping to capture [[Rome]]. He appoints his 21-year-old son, [[Enzo of Sardinia]], as imperial [[vicar general]] for Northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. Frederick also threatens with war against [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], who has sent ships to blockade the harbors on [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]. In order to finance his growing need for arms, he institutes an administrative reorganization of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (among others, the formation of 10 vice regencies in Italy). |
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* August – [[Siege of Faenza]]: Frederick II lays siege to the town of [[Faenza]] during the war of the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]]. Meanwhile, Frederick makes an alliance with [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] to support his campaign against the [[Papal States]]. |
* August – [[Siege of Faenza]]: Frederick II lays siege to the town of [[Faenza]] during the war of the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]]. Meanwhile, Frederick makes an alliance with [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] to support his campaign against the [[Papal States]]. |
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* November – Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] grants the status of [[Crusades|Crusade]] to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint'''), who leads an successful campaign against the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]] in [[kingdom of Murcia|Murcia]].<ref name=negotiating>{{cite book|last=de Epalza|first=Miguel|title=Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror|year=1999|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-11244-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjFacnscoBIC&q=Treaty+of+Alcaraz+1243|page=96}}</ref> |
* November – Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] grants the status of [[Crusades|Crusade]] to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint'''), who leads an successful campaign against the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]] in [[kingdom of Murcia|Murcia]].<ref name=negotiating>{{cite book|last=de Epalza|first=Miguel|title=Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror|year=1999|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-11244-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjFacnscoBIC&q=Treaty+of+Alcaraz+1243|page=96}}</ref> |
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* [[June 17]] or [[June 18]] – [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] ('''Longshanks'''), first son born to King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] and Queen [[Eleanor of Provence]], is born at the [[Palace of Westminster]]. Henry names him after [[Edward the Confessor]] and chooses [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] as his godfather. |
* [[June 17]] or [[June 18]] – [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] ('''Longshanks'''), first son born to King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] and Queen [[Eleanor of Provence]], is born at the [[Palace of Westminster]]. Henry names him after [[Edward the Confessor]] and chooses [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] as his godfather. |
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==== Levant ==== |
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* [[September 1]] – [[Barons' Crusade]]: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King [[Theobald I of Navarre]] arrives at [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. At a council of local nobles – most prominently: [[Walter IV, Count of Brienne|Walter of Brienne]], [[Odo of Montbéliard]], [[Balian of Beirut]], [[John of Arsuf]], and [[Balian Grenier|Balian of Sidon]], plans are made to prepare a campaign against the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]] in [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Later, Theobald is also joined by some Crusaders from [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]].<ref>Painter, Sidney (1969). ''The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241'', p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311'', pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref> |
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==== Mongol Empire ==== |
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* The [[Mongol invasion of Rus]] is in progress, bringing with it a pandemic of [[rinderpest]]. |
* The [[Mongol invasion of Rus]] is in progress, bringing with it a pandemic of [[rinderpest]]. |
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Revision as of 21:30, 29 December 2021
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1239 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1239 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1239 MCCXXXIX |
Ab urbe condita | 1992 |
Armenian calendar | 688 ԹՎ ՈՁԸ |
Assyrian calendar | 5989 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1160–1161 |
Bengali calendar | 646 |
Berber calendar | 2189 |
English Regnal year | 23 Hen. 3 – 24 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1783 |
Burmese calendar | 601 |
Byzantine calendar | 6747–6748 |
Chinese calendar | 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 3936 or 3729 — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 3937 or 3730 |
Coptic calendar | 955–956 |
Discordian calendar | 2405 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1231–1232 |
Hebrew calendar | 4999–5000 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1295–1296 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1160–1161 |
- Kali Yuga | 4339–4340 |
Holocene calendar | 11239 |
Igbo calendar | 239–240 |
Iranian calendar | 617–618 |
Islamic calendar | 636–637 |
Japanese calendar | Ryakunin 2 / En'ō 1 (延応元年) |
Javanese calendar | 1148–1149 |
Julian calendar | 1239 MCCXXXIX |
Korean calendar | 3572 |
Minguo calendar | 673 before ROC 民前673年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −229 |
Thai solar calendar | 1781–1782 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1365 or 984 or 212 — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1366 or 985 or 213 |
Year 1239 (MCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor Frederick II invades the Romagna and Tuscany, hoping to capture Rome. He appoints his 21-year-old son, Enzo of Sardinia, as imperial vicar general for Northern Italy. Frederick also threatens with war against Venice, who has sent ships to blockade the harbors on Sicily. In order to finance his growing need for arms, he institutes an administrative reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire (among others, the formation of 10 vice regencies in Italy).
- August – Siege of Faenza: Frederick II lays siege to the town of Faenza during the war of the Guelphs and Ghibellines. Meanwhile, Frederick makes an alliance with Pisa to support his campaign against the Papal States.
- November – Pope Gregory IX grants the status of Crusade to King Ferdinand III (the Saint), who leads an successful campaign against the Almohads in Murcia.[1]
England
- June 17 or June 18 – Edward I (Longshanks), first son born to King Henry III and Queen Eleanor of Provence, is born at the Palace of Westminster. Henry names him after Edward the Confessor and chooses Simon de Montfort as his godfather.
Levant
- September 1 – Barons' Crusade: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King Theobald I of Navarre arrives at Acre. At a council of local nobles – most prominently: Walter of Brienne, Odo of Montbéliard, Balian of Beirut, John of Arsuf, and Balian of Sidon, plans are made to prepare a campaign against the Ayyubids in Egypt. Later, Theobald is also joined by some Crusaders from Cyprus.[2]
Mongol Empire
- The Mongol invasion of Rus is in progress, bringing with it a pandemic of rinderpest.
By topic
Arts and Humanities
- In England the central tower of Lincoln Cathedral collapses.
Religion
- March 20 – Gregory IX renews the excommunication of Frederick II, while he is at his court in Padua. Frederick responds by expelling the Franciscans and Dominicans from Lombardy.[3]
Births
- June 17 or June 18 – Edward I (Longshanks), king of England (d. 1307)
- December 17 – Kujō Yoritsugu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1256)
- Peter III of Aragon (d. 1285)
- Constance of Aragon, Lady of Villena, princess (d. 1269)
- John II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1305)
Deaths
- March 3 – Vladimir IV Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1187)
- March 20 – Hermann von Salza, fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
- March 28 – Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (b. 1180)
- Irene Laskarina, empress consort of Nicaea
- Cormac mac Art O Melaghlain, King of Meath
References
- ^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
- ^ Painter, Sidney (1969). The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241, p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 139. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.