Content deleted Content added
Added details of William I (Norman nobleman |
49.189.2.195 (talk) →Europe: Source on the siege of Faenza states it began in August, 1240. I have transferred the event entry. |
||
(27 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{Year nav|1239}} |
{{Year nav|1239}} |
||
{{C13 year in topic}} |
{{C13 year in topic}} |
||
[[File:Map Crusader states 1240-eng.png| |
[[File:Map Crusader states 1240-eng.png|upright=1.35|thumb| The [[Crusader states|Crusader States]] around [[1240]]–[[1241|41]]]] |
||
[[File:Scheffer Henry (1798-1862) - Amaury VI de Montfort.jpg| |
[[File:Scheffer Henry (1798-1862) - Amaury VI de Montfort.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Amaury de Montfort (died 1241)|Amaury VI de Montfort]] (1192–1241)]] |
||
Year '''1239''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
Year '''1239''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCCXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. |
||
Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
||
* Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] invades the [[Romagna]] and [[Tuscany]], hoping to capture [[Rome]]. He appoints his 21-year-old son, [[Enzo of Sardinia]], as imperial [[vicar general]] for Northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. Frederick also threatens with war against [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], who has sent ships to blockade the harbors on [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]. In order to finance his growing need for arms, he institutes an administrative reorganization of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (among others, the formation of 10 vice regencies in Italy). |
* Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] invades the [[Romagna]] and [[Tuscany]], hoping to capture [[Rome]]. He appoints his 21-year-old son, [[Enzo of Sardinia]], as imperial [[vicar general]] for Northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. Frederick also threatens with war against [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], who has sent ships to blockade the harbors on [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]. In order to finance his growing need for arms, he institutes an administrative reorganization of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (among others, the formation of 10 vice regencies in Italy). |
||
⚫ | * Autumn – King [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]] allows some 40,000 [[Cumans]], pagan nomads fleeing the Mongols, to settle in [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] between the rivers [[Danube]] and [[Tisza|Theiss]], after their leader, [[Köten]], has promised to convert to [[Christianity]]. |
||
* August – [[Siege of Faenza]]: Frederick II lays siege to the town of [[Faenza]] during the war of the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]]. Meanwhile, Frederick makes an alliance with [[Republic of Pisa|Pisa]] to support his campaign against the [[Papal States]]. |
|||
⚫ | * November – Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] grants the status of [[Crusades|Crusade]] to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint'''), who leads a successful campaign against the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]] in [[kingdom of Murcia|Murcia]].<ref name=negotiating>{{cite book|last=de Epalza|first=Miguel|title=Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror|year=1999|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-11244-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjFacnscoBIC&q=Treaty+of+Alcaraz+1243|page=96}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | * Autumn – King [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]] allows some 40,000 [[Cumans]], pagan nomads fleeing the Mongols, to settle in [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] between the rivers [[Danube]] and [[Tisza|Theiss]] |
||
⚫ | * November – Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] grants the status of [[Crusades|Crusade]] to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] ('''the Saint'''), who leads |
||
* King [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ('''the Saint''') holds a ''[[parlement]]'' (or "court of law") at [[Paris]], for the first time recorded in ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]. |
* King [[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]] ('''the Saint''') holds a ''[[parlement]]'' (or "court of law") at [[Paris]], for the first time recorded in ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' [[France in the Middle Ages|France]]. |
||
Line 24: | Line 23: | ||
==== Levant ==== |
==== Levant ==== |
||
* [[September 1]] – [[Barons' Crusade]]: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King [[Theobald I of Navarre]] arrives at [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. At a council of local barons – most prominently: [[Walter IV, Count of Brienne|Walter of Brienne]], [[Odo of Montbéliard]], [[Balian of Beirut]], [[John of Arsuf]], and [[Balian Grenier|Balian of Sidon]], plans are made to prepare an expedition against the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]] in [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Later, Theobald is also joined by some Crusaders from [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]].<ref>Painter, Sidney (1969). ''The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241'', p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311'', pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref> |
* [[September 1]] – [[Barons' Crusade]]: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King [[Theobald I of Navarre]] arrives at [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. At a council of local barons – most prominently: [[Walter IV, Count of Brienne|Walter of Brienne]], [[Odo of Montbéliard]], [[Balian of Beirut]], [[John of Arsuf]], and [[Balian Grenier|Balian of Sidon]], plans are made to prepare an expedition against the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]] in [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]]. Later, Theobald is also joined by some Crusaders from [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]].<ref>Painter, Sidney (1969). ''The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241'', p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). ''A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311'', pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</ref> |
||
* [[November 2]] – A expeditionary force (some 4,000 knights) under Theobald I sets out from Acre for the Egyptian frontier, detachments from the military orders and several local barons |
* [[November 2]] – A expeditionary force (some 4,000 knights) under Theobald I sets out from Acre for the Egyptian frontier, detachments from the military orders and several local barons accompany the Crusaders. While marching to [[Jaffa]], a Crusader column led by [[Peter I, Duke of Brittany|Peter of Brittany]] and his lieutenant [[Raoul de Soissons]] with two hundred knights, lays an ambush and attacks a rich Muslim caravan.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 179. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> |
||
* [[November 12]] – Sultan [[as-Salih Ayyub]] sends an Ayyubid army to [[Gaza City|Gaza]] to protect the Egyptian border. At nightfall, [[Henry II, Count of Bar|Henry of Bar]], jealous of the successful ambush of Peter of Brittany, decides with a Crusader force (some 500 knights and 1,000 soldiers) |
* [[November 12]] – Sultan [[as-Salih Ayyub]] sends an Ayyubid army to [[Gaza City|Gaza]] to protect the Egyptian border. At nightfall, [[Henry II, Count of Bar|Henry of Bar]], jealous of the successful ambush of Peter of Brittany, decides to march out towards Gaza with a Crusader force (some 500 knights and 1,000 soldiers). Although warned by Theobald I, Henry orders to set up camp in a flat terrain surrounded by sand dunes near Gaza.<ref>Lower, Michael (2005). ''The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences'', pp. 168–71. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-3873-7}}.</ref> |
||
* [[November 13]] – [[Battle at Gaza (1239)|Battle of Gaza]]: The Crusader army led by Henry of Bar is defeated by the Egyptians near Gaza. More than a thousand men are slaughtered, including Henry himself. Six hundred more are captured and carried off to Egypt. Among them are [[Amaury de Montfort (died 1241)|Amaury VI de Montfort]] and [[Philippe de Nanteuil]] – who |
* [[November 13]] – [[Battle at Gaza (1239)|Battle of Gaza]]: The Crusader army led by Henry of Bar is defeated by the Egyptians near Gaza. More than a thousand men are slaughtered, including Henry himself. Six hundred more are captured and carried off to Egypt. Among them are [[Amaury de Montfort (died 1241)|Amaury VI de Montfort]] and [[Philippe de Nanteuil]] – who, in the dungeons of [[Cairo]], writes a [[Crusade song]] about the failure of the expedition.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 180. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref> |
||
* [[December 7]] – Ayyubid forces under [[An-Nasir Dawud]] march on [[Jerusalem]], which is largely undefended. The garrison of the city surrenders to Dawud, after accepting his offer for a safe-conduct to Acre. Dawud destroys Jerusalem's fortifications, including the [[Tower of David]]. Meanwhile, Theobald I |
* [[December 7]] – Ayyubid forces under [[An-Nasir Dawud]] march on [[Jerusalem]], which is largely undefended. The garrison of the city surrenders to Dawud, after accepting his offer for a safe-conduct to Acre. Dawud destroys Jerusalem's fortifications, including the [[Tower of David]]. Meanwhile, Theobald I (losing many men underway) moves with the remnants of the Crusader army northward to Acre.<ref>Lower, Michael (2005). ''The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences'', p. 171. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-3873-7}}.</ref> |
||
==== Mongol Empire ==== |
==== Mongol Empire ==== |
||
* The [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus']]: The Mongols under [[Batu Khan]] continue their campaign across the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe|Pontic Steppe]]. After devastating the [[Crimea]] and campaigning against the [[Circassians]] in the [[Caucasus]], they turn towards the [[Kievan Rus']]. In March, [[Pereiaslav|Pereyaslavl]], capital of the [[Principality of Pereyaslavl]], is sacked by the Mongols. |
* The [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus']]: The Mongols under [[Batu Khan]] continue their campaign across the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe|Pontic Steppe]]. After devastating the [[Crimea]] and campaigning against the [[Circassians]] in the [[Caucasus]], they turn towards the [[Kievan Rus']]. In March, [[Pereiaslav|Pereyaslavl]], capital of the [[Principality of Pereyaslavl]], is sacked by the Mongols. |
||
* [[October 18]] – [[Sack of Chernigov]]: The Mongols led by Batu Khan attack [[Chernihiv|Chernigov]], the garrison rallied outside the walls to face the Mongols in a pitched battle. Prince [[Mstislav III Glebovich]] comes to help with his troops, they are slaughtered by Mongol [[catapult]]s. The city is pillaged as the towns in the surrounding countryside. |
* [[October 18]] – [[Sack of Chernigov]]: The Mongols led by Batu Khan attack [[Chernihiv|Chernigov]], the garrison rallied outside the walls to face the Mongols in a pitched battle. Prince [[Mstislav III Glebovich]] comes to help with his troops, they are slaughtered by Mongol [[catapult]]s. The city is pillaged as are the towns in the surrounding countryside. |
||
=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
||
Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
== Births == |
== Births == |
||
* [[June 17]] or [[June 18]] – [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] ('''Longshanks'''), king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1307]]) |
* [[June 17]] or [[June 18]] – [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] ('''Longshanks'''), king of [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1307]]) |
||
* [[December 17]] – [[Kujō Yoritsugu]], Japanese shogun (d. [[1256]]) |
* [[December 17]] – [[Kujō Yoritsugu]], Japanese ruler (''[[shogun]]'') (d. [[1256]]) |
||
* [[Álvaro, Count of Urgell|Álvaro]] ('''the Castilian'''), Spanish [[Nobility|nobleman]] and knight (d. [[1268]]) |
|||
* [[Balian of Arsuf]], Cypriot nobleman ([[House of Ibelin]]) (d. [[1277]]) |
|||
* [[Constance of Aragon, Lady of Villena|Constance of Aragon]], Spanish princess (''[[Infante|infanta]]'') (d. [[1269]]) |
* [[Constance of Aragon, Lady of Villena|Constance of Aragon]], Spanish princess (''[[Infante|infanta]]'') (d. [[1269]]) |
||
* [[John II, Duke of Brittany|John II of Brittany]], French |
* [[John II, Duke of Brittany|John II of Brittany]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1305]]) |
||
* [[Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby|Robert de Ferrers]], English nobleman and knight (d. [[1279]]) |
|||
* [[Stephen V of Hungary|Stephen V]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] ([[Árpád dynasty|House of Árpád]]) (d. [[1272]]) |
|||
* [[Thomas I of Saluzzo]], Italian nobleman and knight (d. [[1296]]) |
|||
== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
||
* [[February 3]] – [[Kujō Ninshi]], Japanese empress consort (b. [[1173]]) |
|||
* [[March 3]] – [[Vladimir IV Rurikovich|Vladimir IV]] ('''Rurikovich'''), Kievan Grand Prince (b. [[1187]]) |
* [[March 3]] – [[Vladimir IV Rurikovich|Vladimir IV]] ('''Rurikovich'''), Kievan Grand Prince (b. [[1187]]) |
||
* [[March 20]] – [[Hermann von Salza]], German Grand Master (b. [[1165]]) |
* [[March 20]] – [[Hermann von Salza]], German Grand Master (b. [[1165]]) |
||
* [[March 28]] – [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]] (or '''Toba II'''), emperor of [[Japan]] (b. [[1180]]) |
* [[March 28]] – [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]] (or '''Toba II'''), emperor of [[Japan]] (b. [[1180]]) |
||
* [[April 7]] – [[William de Cantilupe (died 1239)|William I de Cantilupe]], Norman nobleman (b. [[1159]]) |
* [[April 7]] – [[William de Cantilupe (died 1239)|William I de Cantilupe]], Norman nobleman (b. [[1159]]) |
||
* [[June 5]] – [[Władysław Odonic]] ('''the Spitter'''), Polish nobleman |
|||
* [[September 21]] – [[Simon, Count of Ponthieu|Simon of Dammartin]], French nobleman |
|||
* [[November 13]] – [[Henry II, Count of Bar|Henry II of Bar]], French nobleman (b. [[1190]]) |
* [[November 13]] – [[Henry II, Count of Bar|Henry II of Bar]], French nobleman (b. [[1190]]) |
||
* [[December 13]] – [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV]] ('''the Wise'''), German nobleman |
* [[December 13]] – [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV]] ('''the Wise'''), German nobleman |
||
* [[December 21]] |
|||
** [[Henry de Turberville]], English nobleman and knight |
|||
** [[Richard Wilton]], English scholastic philosopher |
|||
* [[Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati]], Andalusian [[pharmacist]] (b. [[1166]]) |
* [[Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati]], Andalusian [[pharmacist]] (b. [[1166]]) |
||
* [[Aimery III of Narbonne]] (or '''Aimeric'''), French nobleman |
* [[Aimery III of Narbonne]] (or '''Aimeric'''), French nobleman |
||
* [[Ibn al-Khabbaza]], Moroccan historian, poet and writer |
|||
* [[Ibn al-Mustawfi]], Ayyubid governor and historian (b. [[1169]]) |
|||
* [[Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi]], Arab [[cuisine]] writer |
* [[Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi]], Arab [[cuisine]] writer |
||
* [[Robert of Courtenay, Lord of Champignelles|Robert of Courtenay]], French nobleman and knight (b. [[1168]]) |
|||
* [[Thomas of Capua]], Italian prelate, [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] and diplomat |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
Latest revision as of 00:46, 3 April 2023
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1239 by topic |
---|
Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1239 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1239 MCCXXXIX |
Ab urbe condita | 1992 |
Armenian calendar | 688 ԹՎ ՈՁԸ |
Assyrian calendar | 5989 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1160–1161 |
Bengali calendar | 646 |
Berber calendar | 2189 |
English Regnal year | 23 Hen. 3 – 24 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1783 |
Burmese calendar | 601 |
Byzantine calendar | 6747–6748 |
Chinese calendar | 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 3936 or 3729 — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 3937 or 3730 |
Coptic calendar | 955–956 |
Discordian calendar | 2405 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1231–1232 |
Hebrew calendar | 4999–5000 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1295–1296 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1160–1161 |
- Kali Yuga | 4339–4340 |
Holocene calendar | 11239 |
Igbo calendar | 239–240 |
Iranian calendar | 617–618 |
Islamic calendar | 636–637 |
Japanese calendar | Ryakunin 2 / En'ō 1 (延応元年) |
Javanese calendar | 1148–1149 |
Julian calendar | 1239 MCCXXXIX |
Korean calendar | 3572 |
Minguo calendar | 673 before ROC 民前673年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −229 |
Thai solar calendar | 1781–1782 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1365 or 984 or 212 — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1366 or 985 or 213 |
Year 1239 (MCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor Frederick II invades the Romagna and Tuscany, hoping to capture Rome. He appoints his 21-year-old son, Enzo of Sardinia, as imperial vicar general for Northern Italy. Frederick also threatens with war against Venice, who has sent ships to blockade the harbors on Sicily. In order to finance his growing need for arms, he institutes an administrative reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire (among others, the formation of 10 vice regencies in Italy).
- Autumn – King Béla IV allows some 40,000 Cumans, pagan nomads fleeing the Mongols, to settle in Hungary between the rivers Danube and Theiss, after their leader, Köten, has promised to convert to Christianity.
- November – Pope Gregory IX grants the status of Crusade to King Ferdinand III (the Saint), who leads a successful campaign against the Almohads in Murcia.[1]
- King Louis IX (the Saint) holds a parlement (or "court of law") at Paris, for the first time recorded in Ancien Régime France.
England
- June 17 or June 18 – Edward I (Longshanks), first son born to King Henry III and Queen Eleanor of Provence, is born at the Palace of Westminster. Henry names him after Edward the Confessor and chooses Simon de Montfort as his godfather.
Levant
- September 1 – Barons' Crusade: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King Theobald I of Navarre arrives at Acre. At a council of local barons – most prominently: Walter of Brienne, Odo of Montbéliard, Balian of Beirut, John of Arsuf, and Balian of Sidon, plans are made to prepare an expedition against the Ayyubids in Egypt. Later, Theobald is also joined by some Crusaders from Cyprus.[2]
- November 2 – A expeditionary force (some 4,000 knights) under Theobald I sets out from Acre for the Egyptian frontier, detachments from the military orders and several local barons accompany the Crusaders. While marching to Jaffa, a Crusader column led by Peter of Brittany and his lieutenant Raoul de Soissons with two hundred knights, lays an ambush and attacks a rich Muslim caravan.[3]
- November 12 – Sultan as-Salih Ayyub sends an Ayyubid army to Gaza to protect the Egyptian border. At nightfall, Henry of Bar, jealous of the successful ambush of Peter of Brittany, decides to march out towards Gaza with a Crusader force (some 500 knights and 1,000 soldiers). Although warned by Theobald I, Henry orders to set up camp in a flat terrain surrounded by sand dunes near Gaza.[4]
- November 13 – Battle of Gaza: The Crusader army led by Henry of Bar is defeated by the Egyptians near Gaza. More than a thousand men are slaughtered, including Henry himself. Six hundred more are captured and carried off to Egypt. Among them are Amaury VI de Montfort and Philippe de Nanteuil – who, in the dungeons of Cairo, writes a Crusade song about the failure of the expedition.[5]
- December 7 – Ayyubid forces under An-Nasir Dawud march on Jerusalem, which is largely undefended. The garrison of the city surrenders to Dawud, after accepting his offer for a safe-conduct to Acre. Dawud destroys Jerusalem's fortifications, including the Tower of David. Meanwhile, Theobald I (losing many men underway) moves with the remnants of the Crusader army northward to Acre.[6]
Mongol Empire
- The Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongols under Batu Khan continue their campaign across the Pontic Steppe. After devastating the Crimea and campaigning against the Circassians in the Caucasus, they turn towards the Kievan Rus'. In March, Pereyaslavl, capital of the Principality of Pereyaslavl, is sacked by the Mongols.
- October 18 – Sack of Chernigov: The Mongols led by Batu Khan attack Chernigov, the garrison rallied outside the walls to face the Mongols in a pitched battle. Prince Mstislav III Glebovich comes to help with his troops, they are slaughtered by Mongol catapults. The city is pillaged as are the towns in the surrounding countryside.
By topic
Arts and Humanities
- In England the central tower of Lincoln Cathedral collapses.
Religion
- March 20 – Gregory IX renews the excommunication of Frederick II, while he is at his court in Padua. Frederick responds by expelling the Franciscans and Dominicans from Lombardy.[7]
Births
- June 17 or June 18 – Edward I (Longshanks), king of England (d. 1307)
- December 17 – Kujō Yoritsugu, Japanese ruler (shogun) (d. 1256)
- Álvaro (the Castilian), Spanish nobleman and knight (d. 1268)
- Balian of Arsuf, Cypriot nobleman (House of Ibelin) (d. 1277)
- Constance of Aragon, Spanish princess (infanta) (d. 1269)
- John II of Brittany, French nobleman and knight (d. 1305)
- Robert de Ferrers, English nobleman and knight (d. 1279)
- Stephen V, king of Hungary (House of Árpád) (d. 1272)
- Thomas I of Saluzzo, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1296)
Deaths
- February 3 – Kujō Ninshi, Japanese empress consort (b. 1173)
- March 3 – Vladimir IV (Rurikovich), Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1187)
- March 20 – Hermann von Salza, German Grand Master (b. 1165)
- March 28 – Go-Toba (or Toba II), emperor of Japan (b. 1180)
- April 7 – William I de Cantilupe, Norman nobleman (b. 1159)
- June 5 – Władysław Odonic (the Spitter), Polish nobleman
- September 21 – Simon of Dammartin, French nobleman
- November 13 – Henry II of Bar, French nobleman (b. 1190)
- December 13 – Albert IV (the Wise), German nobleman
- December 21
- Henry de Turberville, English nobleman and knight
- Richard Wilton, English scholastic philosopher
- Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Andalusian pharmacist (b. 1166)
- Aimery III of Narbonne (or Aimeric), French nobleman
- Ibn al-Khabbaza, Moroccan historian, poet and writer
- Ibn al-Mustawfi, Ayyubid governor and historian (b. 1169)
- Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi, Arab cuisine writer
- Robert of Courtenay, French nobleman and knight (b. 1168)
- Thomas of Capua, Italian prelate, cardinal and diplomat
References
- ^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
- ^ Painter, Sidney (1969). The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241, p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 179. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences, pp. 168–71. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3873-7.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 180. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
- ^ Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences, p. 171. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3873-7.
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 139. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.