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* Autumn – [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus']]: The Mongol army commanded by [[Batu Khan]] and [[Subutai]], invades the [[Principality of Ryazan]] (with representatives of all four [[khanate]]s leading some 100,000 Mongol, [[Turkish people|Turkish]] and [[History of Iran|Persian]] forces into [[Europe]]). In December, Batu Khan sends envoys to the Rus' court of Grand Prince [[Yuri of Ryazan|Yuri Igorevich]] and demands the submission of the capital [[Ryazan]] (or '''Old Ryazan'''). |
* Autumn – [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus']]: The Mongol army commanded by [[Batu Khan]] and [[Subutai]], invades the [[Principality of Ryazan]] (with representatives of all four [[khanate]]s leading some 100,000 Mongol, [[Turkish people|Turkish]] and [[History of Iran|Persian]] forces into [[Europe]]). In December, Batu Khan sends envoys to the Rus' court of Grand Prince [[Yuri of Ryazan|Yuri Igorevich]] and demands the submission of the capital [[Ryazan]] (or '''Old Ryazan'''). |
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* [[Battle of Voronezh River]]: Grand Prince [[Yuri II of Vladimir]] supported with border princes of [[Ryazan]], [[Murom]], and [[Pronsky District|Pronsk]] gather their forces and make a stand on the [[Voronezh (river)|Voronezh River]], waiting for reinforcements from [[Vladimir-Suzdal|Vladimir]]. The Mongols under Batu Khan overrun the Rus' forces, who are scattered. Yuri retreats to Ryazan, while some troops withdraw to [[Kolomna]] and join the army of Vladimir-Suzdal. |
* [[Battle of Voronezh River]]: Grand Prince [[Yuri II of Vladimir]] supported with border princes of [[Ryazan]], [[Murom]], and [[Pronsky District|Pronsk]] gather their forces and make a stand on the [[Voronezh (river)|Voronezh River]], waiting for reinforcements from [[Vladimir-Suzdal|Vladimir]]. The Mongols under Batu Khan overrun the Rus' forces, who are scattered. Yuri retreats to Ryazan, while some troops withdraw to [[Kolomna]] and join the army of Vladimir-Suzdal. |
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* [[December 16]]–[[December 21|21]] – [[Siege of Ryazan]]: The Mongols under Batu Khan lay siege to Ryazan. The townspeople repel the first Mongol attacks but after 5 days the city walls are breached by Chinese catapults. On December 21, the Mongols storm the walls and plunder the capital, killing Yuri Igorevich and all inhabitants. Yuri II of Vladimir stood by and does nothing to intervene while Ryazan burns. |
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* The [[County of Artois]] is founded in [[Kingdom of France|France]]. |
* The [[County of Artois]] is founded in [[Kingdom of France|France]]. |
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* [[Conrad IV of Germany]] becomes [[List of German Kings and Emperors|King of Germany]]. |
* [[Conrad IV of Germany]] becomes [[List of German Kings and Emperors|King of Germany]]. |
Revision as of 14:50, 11 December 2021
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1237 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1237 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1237 MCCXXXVII |
Ab urbe condita | 1990 |
Armenian calendar | 686 ԹՎ ՈՁԶ |
Assyrian calendar | 5987 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1158–1159 |
Bengali calendar | 644 |
Berber calendar | 2187 |
English Regnal year | 21 Hen. 3 – 22 Hen. 3 |
Buddhist calendar | 1781 |
Burmese calendar | 599 |
Byzantine calendar | 6745–6746 |
Chinese calendar | 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 3934 or 3727 — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3935 or 3728 |
Coptic calendar | 953–954 |
Discordian calendar | 2403 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1229–1230 |
Hebrew calendar | 4997–4998 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1293–1294 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1158–1159 |
- Kali Yuga | 4337–4338 |
Holocene calendar | 11237 |
Igbo calendar | 237–238 |
Iranian calendar | 615–616 |
Islamic calendar | 634–635 |
Japanese calendar | Katei 3 (嘉禎3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1146–1147 |
Julian calendar | 1237 MCCXXXVII |
Korean calendar | 3570 |
Minguo calendar | 675 before ROC 民前675年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −231 |
Thai solar calendar | 1779–1780 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳火猴年 (male Fire-Monkey) 1363 or 982 or 210 — to — 阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 1364 or 983 or 211 |
Year 1237 (MCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
- Summer – Emperor Frederick II assembles an expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) to crush the rebellious Lombard League. He crosses the Alps to Verona – where he is joined by Lord Ezzelino III da Romano, including troops from Brescia, Vicenza, Padua, and Treviso. Frederick relies on his allies for support, and in doing so he provokes the opposition of earlier supporters, such as the House of Este, who now sides with the Lombards.
- November 27 – Battle of Cortenuova: Frederick II defeats the forces of the Lombard League, about 5,000 Lombards are captured. Frederick makes a triumphal entry in the allied city of Cremona in the manner of an ancient Roman emperor, with the captured carroccio (later sent to the commune of Rome) and an elephant. During the winter campaign, Frederick captures the Piedmontese cities of Lodi, Novara, Vercelli, Chieri, and Savona.[1]
- December 21 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Ryazan is sacked.
- Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders.[2]
- Autumn – Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongol army commanded by Batu Khan and Subutai, invades the Principality of Ryazan (with representatives of all four khanates leading some 100,000 Mongol, Turkish and Persian forces into Europe). In December, Batu Khan sends envoys to the Rus' court of Grand Prince Yuri Igorevich and demands the submission of the capital Ryazan (or Old Ryazan).
- Battle of Voronezh River: Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir supported with border princes of Ryazan, Murom, and Pronsk gather their forces and make a stand on the Voronezh River, waiting for reinforcements from Vladimir. The Mongols under Batu Khan overrun the Rus' forces, who are scattered. Yuri retreats to Ryazan, while some troops withdraw to Kolomna and join the army of Vladimir-Suzdal.
- December 16–21 – Siege of Ryazan: The Mongols under Batu Khan lay siege to Ryazan. The townspeople repel the first Mongol attacks but after 5 days the city walls are breached by Chinese catapults. On December 21, the Mongols storm the walls and plunder the capital, killing Yuri Igorevich and all inhabitants. Yuri II of Vladimir stood by and does nothing to intervene while Ryazan burns.
- The County of Artois is founded in France.
- Conrad IV of Germany becomes King of Germany.
- Livonian Crusade: After their defeat in the Battle of Saule, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword are absorbed into the Teutonic Order, as the autonomous Livonian Order. An Estonian rebellion begins on Saaremaa Island.
By topic
Cities and Towns
- Cölln, twin city of the later build Alt-Berlin (or Old Berlin), is founded on the Fischerinsel. The town becomes a trade center, which is linked with Magdeburg and Frankfurt an der Oder.
- Elbląg is founded by the Teutonic Order under Grand Master Hermann von Balk. He constructs a fortified stronghold on the banks of the Elbląg River (modern Poland).
Births
- Bohemond VI of Antioch, ruler of the principality of Antioch
- Agnes of Dampierre, ruling lady of Bourbon (d. 1287)
Deaths
- February 2 – Joan, Lady of Wales[3]
- April 15 – Richard Poore, English ecclesiastic
- May 21 – Olaf the Black, Norse sea-king
- June 6 – John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon[4]
- Wei Liaoweng, Chinese scholar, philosopher and politician (b. 1178)
- probable – Pons de Capduelh, French troubadour
References
- ^ John Larner (1980). Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380. Longman. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-582-48366-8.
- ^ Coss, Peter R.; Coss, P. R.; Lloyd, Simon D. (1988). Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987. Boydell & Brewer. p. 83. ISBN 9780851155135.
- ^ Kate Norgate and A. D. Carr: "Joan [Siwan", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: OUP, 2004), Retrieved 2 February 2019.]
- ^ George Edward Cokayne (1913). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Canonteign to Cutts. St. Catherine Press, Limited. p. 169.